Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
[Penelitian mengenai karakterisasi morofologi bunga dan pollinaria 14 spesies Hoya atau bunga lilin telah dilakukan dari Februari--Mei 2015. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan membandingkan 14 spesies Hoya koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB) berdasarkan morfologi bunga dan pollinaria. Sampel yang digunakan merupakan 14 spesimen awetan basah bunga koleksi KRB. Data yang diambil berupa data kualitatif, kuantitatif, dan visual melalui metode pengamatan langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi bentuk dan ukuran bunga serta pollinaria pada 14 spesies Hoya koleksi KRB. Hasil juga menunjukkan adanya karakter pembeda antarspesies yaitu bentuk calyx, keberadaan trikom pada bagian tepi calyx, bentuk corolla, bentuk corona, pelengkap anther, bentuk pollinia, bentuk corpusculum, ada atau tidaknya caudicle, bentuk caudicle, ada atau tidaknya pellucid edge, dan bentuk translator. ;Research on morphological flowers and pollinaria characterization from 14 species Hoya or wax flowers was conducted from Februari--Mei 2015. The aims of this research was to describe and compare 14 species of Hoya collections from Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG) based on flower and pollinaria morphology. The research was carried out using preserved 14 specimen collections from BBG. The qualitative, quantitative, and visual data were collected by direct observation method. The result showed that the shape and size characters from flowers and pollinaria of 14 Hoya species from BBG were varied. Beside variation of Hoya flowers and pollinaria, there were also some distinguish characters of calyx shape, presence or absence of trichome in calyx, corolla shape, corona shape, anther appendages, pollinia shape, corpusculum shape, presence or absence of caudicle, caudicle shape, presence or absence of pellucid edge , and translator shape. ;Research on morphological flowers and pollinaria characterization from 14 species Hoya or wax flowers was conducted from Februari--Mei 2015. The aims of this research was to describe and compare 14 species of Hoya collections from Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG) based on flower and pollinaria morphology. The research was carried out using preserved 14 specimen collections from BBG. The qualitative, quantitative, and visual data were collected by direct observation method. The result showed that the shape and size characters from flowers and pollinaria of 14 Hoya species from BBG were varied. Beside variation of Hoya flowers and pollinaria, there were also some distinguish characters of calyx shape, presence or absence of trichome in calyx, corolla shape, corona shape, anther appendages, pollinia shape, corpusculum shape, presence or absence of caudicle, caudicle shape, presence or absence of pellucid edge , and translator shape. , Research on morphological flowers and pollinaria characterization from 14 species Hoya or wax flowers was conducted from Februari--Mei 2015. The aims of this research was to describe and compare 14 species of Hoya collections from Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG) based on flower and pollinaria morphology. The research was carried out using preserved 14 specimen collections from BBG. The qualitative, quantitative, and visual data were collected by direct observation method. The result showed that the shape and size characters from flowers and pollinaria of 14 Hoya species from BBG were varied. Beside variation of Hoya flowers and pollinaria, there were also some distinguish characters of calyx shape, presence or absence of trichome in calyx, corolla shape, corona shape, anther appendages, pollinia shape, corpusculum shape, presence or absence of caudicle, caudicle shape, presence or absence of pellucid edge , and translator shape. ]

Abstrak :
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis memiliki variasi pada bentuk bunga single, crested, dan double. Variasi tersebut disebabkan adanya perubahan struktur stamen menjadi bentuk lembaran (petaloid) pada bunga crested dan double. Pembentukan struktur petaloid tersebut merupakan gejala homeosis yang disebabkan oleh mutasi pada gen homeotik pengatur identitas organ bunga. Gen homeotik bunga termasuk ke dalam kelompok gen MADS-box yang dibedakan berdasarkan fungsinya menjadi gen kelas A, B, C, D, dan E. Gen yang berfungsi dalam mengatur pembentukan identitas stamen adalah gen kelas B, C, dan E. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gen APETALA3 dan PISTILLATA (kelas B), AGAMOUS (kelas C), serta SEPALLATA1 (kelas E) pada petal dan struktur stamen bunga H. rosa-sinensis variasi single, crested, dan double, serta mengetahui homologi gen-gen tersebut dengan gen-gen ortolog pada spesies tumbuhan yang berbeda. Isolasi DNA genomik dilakukan menggunakan kit ekstraksi DNA genomik. Selanjutnya, amplifikasi gen dilakukan menggunakan primer AP3, PI, AG-1, AG-2, AG Kombinasi 1 dan 2, SEP1-1, dan SEP1-2. Sekuensing dilakukan pada amplikon gen yang berhasil diamplifikasi, yaitu pada amplikon gen PI, AG-1, AG Kombinasi 1, SEP1-1, SEP1-2. Hasil sekuensing berkualitas tinggi diperoleh dari amplikon gen PI, AG Kombinasi 1, dan SEP1-2. Penyejajaran sekuens gen yang diperoleh dengan gen target menunjukkan persentase kemiripan yang rendah. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena adanya perubahan sekuens gen MADS-box akibat proses evolusi tumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, desain primer untuk mendapatkan sekuens target perlu dilakukan kembali dengan mempertimbangkan kemungkinan diversifikasi gen MADS-box pada spesies tumbuhan yang berbeda. ......Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has variations in the form of single, crested, and double flowers. This variation is caused by a change in stamen structure to form petaloids in crested and double flowers. The formation of these petaloid structures is a symptom of homeosis caused by mutations in homeotic genes that regulate flower organ identity. Flower homeotic genes belong to the MADS-box gene group which are distinguished based on their function into A-, B-, C-, D-, and E-class genes. The genes that function in regulating the formation of stamen identity are B-, C-, and E-class genes. This research is done to analyze the APETALA3 and PISTILLATA (B-class), AGAMOUS (C-class), and SEPALATA1 (E-class) genes in the petal and stamen structure of single, crested, and double H. rosa-sinensis flower variations, as well as to know the homology of these genes with other ortholog genes from different plant species. Genomic DNA isolation was carried out using an extraction kit. Next, gene amplification was performed using primers AP3, PI, AG-1, AG-2, AG Combinations 1 and 2, SEP1-1, and SEP1-2. Sequencing was carried out on the amplicons of the genes that were successfully amplified, namely the amplicons of the PI, AG-1, AG Combination 1, SEP1-1, SEP1-2 genes. High quality sequencing results were obtained from the amplicons of the PI, AG Combination 1, and SEP1-2 genes. Sequence alignment between obtained and target genes showed a low percent similarity. This can occur due to changes in the MADS-box gene sequence caused by the process of plant evolution. Therefore, primer redesign to obtain target sequences needs to be done by considering the possibility of MADS-box gene diversification in different plant species.

Abstrak :
Bunga potong/tanaman hias merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang permintaannya dari tahun ke tahun terus meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya taraf hidup dan tingkat pendapatan masyarakat. Konsumen bunga potong terutama banyak terdapat di kota-kota besar karena di dalamnya terdapat banyak rumah tangga, perkantoran, hotel, dan florists. Permintaan bunga potong terbesar adalah DKI Jakarta, yaitu sebesar 855,5 ribu tangkai setiap minggu nya (Asbindo, 2002). DKI Jakarta tidak memiliki lahan produksi yang cukup luas karena keterbatasan Iahannya, namun mempunyai pasar yang cukup besar. Pusat Promosi dan Pemasaran Bunga/Tanaman Hias Rawabelong adalah satusatunya pusat promosi bunga/tanaman hias terbesar di DKI Jakarta dan merupakan UPT Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan Propinsi DKI Jakarta yang dikenal sebagai Pasar Bunga Rawabelong. Melalui pasar ini kebutuhan konsumen akan bunga/tanaman hias dipasok dari berbagai daerah di Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Yogyakarta, Batam, Sumatera Utara, dan tentunya dari DKI Jakarta sendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merumuskan alternatif-alternatif kebijakan yang dapat dilakukan berdasarkan analisis lingkungan serta menentukan prioritas kebijakan pengelolaan pasar yang penting untuk dilaksanakan dalam rangka mengembangkan usaha untuk mencukupi kebutuhan masyarakat DKI dan sekitarnya akan bunga potong. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data yang diperoleh adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 16 responden yang ditunjuk secara purposive. Data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan, literatur dan bahan-bahan lain yang relevan. Data tersebut di analisis dengan menggunakan analisis internal eksternal untuk merumuskan alternatif-alternatif kebijakan dan menggunakan metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process untuk menentukan prioritas kebijakan yang harus dilaksanakan. Analisis dengan matrik ekstemal internal diperoleh basil bahwa posisi pasar bunga Rawabelong berdasarkan analisis lingkungan eksternal dan internal ada pada sel ke 5 yang berarti organisasi ini berada pada posisi growth/stability. Kemudian analisis dengan AHP, menghasilkan bahwa kebijakan yang diprioritaskan untuk dilaksanakan berdasarkan bobotnya adalah peningkatan dan pengembangan kerjasama, pembangunan data base dan jaringan informasi, peningkatan sarana dan prasarana fisik, optimalisasi lingkungan pasar, peningkatan penelitian kualitas bunga, peningkatan kualitas SDM Pembina dan pedagang dan peningkatan alokasi anggaran pemerintah. Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan Propinsi DKI Jakarta selaku pengelola agar tetap melestarikan kawasan pasar bunga Rawabelong sebagai pusat promosi dan pemasaran bungaltanaman hias di DKI Jakarta sekaligus sebagai kawasan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Budidaya Pertanian. Kebijakan peningkatan dan pengembangan kerjasama Serta pembangunan data base dan jaringan informasi agar benar-benar diprioritaskan untuk dilaksanakan karena keduanya merupakan faktor penentu khususnya untuk kontinuitas pasokan, kualitas dan harga bunga.

---

Cut flowers is a horticulture product which the demand keeps on rising in every year in a line with the increasing of society income. Cut flowers consumers mostly living in the big cities where there are many household, offices, hotels, and florists. DKI Jakarta is the city with highest demand of cut flowers, that is almost 855,5 thousand stems in everyweek (Asbindo, 2002). DKI Jakarta doesn't have enough land to product cut flowers but it has big enough potential market for distributing them. The flower's promotion and distribution center is in Rawabelong and it is a part of Agriculture and Forestry Department, Government of DKI Jakarta Province. Cut flowers which distributed in this market comes from many ragion, such as Sukabumi (west Java), Magelang, Ambarawa (Central Java), Malang, Surabaya (East Java), Kaliurang (Jogjakarta), Batam, and also DKI Jakarta. The objectives of this research are to formulate the policy alternatives based on environmental scanning and to definite the most important policy based on priority to manage the market in order to adequate the needed of cut flowers in DKI Jakarta. The research method is descriptive and it describes qualitative and quantitative. Data which is obtained are prime and seconder. Prime data is obtained from questioner which has been given to 16 purposive respondences. Seconder data is got from report, journal and the others which have connection to solve the problem. Then, those data has analyzed by internal and external matrix to formulate policy alternatives and by AHP method to definite which is the priority policy to apply. Analyzing with external internal matrix gave results that organization potion is in fifth cell. It means that the policy strategy organization is to grow or stability. The results from AHP which showed the priority policy are increasing and developing cooperation; developing data base and system information, increasing physic facilities; optimalizing market environment, increasing research of flower quality; increasing human resources quality and increasing allocation of government budget. Department of Agricultural and forestry, Government of Jakarta Province as the manager is fully hoped for keeping the Rawabelong area as a greeny area and as a center of promotion and distribution cut flowers in DKI Jakarta. Besides that, increasing and developing cooperation and developing data base and system information policies should be realized in order to guarantee the continuity and stability the products price.

Abstrak :
[Dendrobium crumenatum merupakan jenis anggrek yang memiliki variasi morfologi akibat adanya persebaran yang luas. Studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa penelitian terhadap variasi morfologi bunga Dendrobium crumenatum belum dilakukan, salah satunya akibat penjelasan deskripsi yang tidak sama dari tiap-tiap pulau. Oleh karena itu, penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk membuat deskripsi yang sama dan lebih lengkap, kemudian menganalisis karakter-karakter yang signifikan berbeda dan memberikan gambaran mengenai pola pengelompokan berdasarkan pola biogeografi. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan 78 spesimen vegetatif dan 51 spesimen bunga. Sebanyak 33 karakter dari 37 spesimen bunga dianalisis menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perhiasan bunga, tepi lobus tengah, bentuk sepal dorsal dan sepal lateral, kalus, dan perbandingan panjang lobus tengah dan lobus samping labellum merupakan karakter-karakter yang signifikan berbeda. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan tiga kelompok yang terpisah, yaitu kelompok 1 (Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantan, dan Sulawesi) sebagai Dendrobium crumenatum, kelompok 2 (Nusa Tenggara) sebagai Dendrobium sp., dan kelompok 3 (Sulawesi Utara dan Maluku) sebagai Dendrobium papilioniferum. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan referensi untuk mengubah distribusi Dendrobium crumenatum, menjadikan Dendrobium papilioniferum menjadi jenis yang terpisah, dan menjadi data awal publikasi jenis baru Dendrobium dari Nusa Tenggara. ;Dendrobium crumenatum is an orchid species that have morphological variation due to the broad distribution. The literature study shows that the study of morphological variation about Dendrobium crumenatum has not been done, one of them as a result of the description which are not the same from each island. Therefore, the aims of this research are to make the same and complete description, then analyze the significantly different characters and give a description of grouping based on biogeographic patterns. The conducted research using 78 specimens vegetative and 51 specimens of flowers. A total 33 morphological characters from 37 flower spesimens were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis shows that the size of the flower parts, the edge of the middle lobe, dorsal sepals and lateral sepals form, callus, and the length ratio between middle lobe and the side lobe labellum are significantly different characters. The analysis also shows three separate groups, namely the group 1 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes) as Dendrobium crumenatum, group 2 (Lesser Sunda) as Dendrobium sp., and group 3 (North Sulawesi and Moluccas) as Dendrobium papilioniferum. Results of this study can be a reference material to restrict the distribution of Dendrobium crumenatum, to make Dendrobium papilioniferum a separate species, and be an early data into new species publication about Dendrobium sp. of Lesser Sunda. ;Dendrobium crumenatum is an orchid species that have morphological variation due to the broad distribution. The literature study shows that the study of morphological variation about Dendrobium crumenatum has not been done, one of them as a result of the description which are not the same from each island. Therefore, the aims of this research are to make the same and complete description, then analyze the significantly different characters and give a description of grouping based on biogeographic patterns. The conducted research using 78 specimens vegetative and 51 specimens of flowers. A total 33 morphological characters from 37 flower spesimens were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis shows that the size of the flower parts, the edge of the middle lobe, dorsal sepals and lateral sepals form, callus, and the length ratio between middle lobe and the side lobe labellum are significantly different characters. The analysis also shows three separate groups, namely the group 1 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes) as Dendrobium crumenatum, group 2 (Lesser Sunda) as Dendrobium sp., and group 3 (North Sulawesi and Moluccas) as Dendrobium papilioniferum. Results of this study can be a reference material to restrict the distribution of Dendrobium crumenatum, to make Dendrobium papilioniferum a separate species, and be an early data into new species publication about Dendrobium sp. of Lesser Sunda. , Dendrobium crumenatum is an orchid species that have morphological variation due to the broad distribution. The literature study shows that the study of morphological variation about Dendrobium crumenatum has not been done, one of them as a result of the description which are not the same from each island. Therefore, the aims of this research are to make the same and complete description, then analyze the significantly different characters and give a description of grouping based on biogeographic patterns. The conducted research using 78 specimens vegetative and 51 specimens of flowers. A total 33 morphological characters from 37 flower spesimens were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis shows that the size of the flower parts, the edge of the middle lobe, dorsal sepals and lateral sepals form, callus, and the length ratio between middle lobe and the side lobe labellum are significantly different characters. The analysis also shows three separate groups, namely the group 1 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes) as Dendrobium crumenatum, group 2 (Lesser Sunda) as Dendrobium sp., and group 3 (North Sulawesi and Moluccas) as Dendrobium papilioniferum. Results of this study can be a reference material to restrict the distribution of Dendrobium crumenatum, to make Dendrobium papilioniferum a separate species, and be an early data into new species publication about Dendrobium sp. of Lesser Sunda. ]

Abstrak :
Pada tulisan ini membahas mengenai hakikat bunga dalam lakon Sekar Pudak Tunjung Biru. Yang menjadi pertimbangan hingga akhirnya dilakukan penelitian terhadap lakon tersebut adalah karena adanya konsep two in one pada bunga Pudak Tunjung Biru, dan dijadikannya Dewi Kanastren sebagai perwujudan bunga tersebut. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah hakikat dari bunga pada lakon Sekar Pudak Tunjung Biru serta bagaimana lakon dikonstruksi hingga muncul sebuah hakikat pada Bunga Pudak Tunjung Biru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hakikat bunga pada lakon Sekar Pudak Tunjung Biru untuk menjadi bahan bacaan masyarakat dan sebagai pedoman kehidupan. Hasil dari penelitian ini, Bunga Pudak Tunjung Biru memiliki makna yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia dan bagaimana hubungan manusia dengan alam dapat mempengaruhi satu sama lain. Dari hasil penelitian berikut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Bunga Pudak Tunjung Biru sangat penting maknanya sebagai ajaran kehidupan manusia untuk dapat terus menjaga sesama manusia dan alam. ......This paper discusses the nature of flowers in the play Sekar Pudak Tunjung Biru. What became a consideration until finally doing research on the play was because of the two in one concept on the Pudak Tunjung Biru flower, and Dewi Kanastren was made as the embodiment of the flower. The problem in this research is the essentiality of flowers in the play Sekar Pudak Tunjung Biru and how the play is constructed so that an essence appears in Bunga Pudak Tunjung Biru. The purpose of this study was to determine the essentials of flowers in the play Sekar Pudak Tunjung Biru to be used as reading material for the community and as a guide for life. The results of this study, Pudak Tunjung Biru Flowers have a very important meaning for human life and how human relationships with nature can affect each other. From the results of the following research, it can be concluded that the Pudak Tunjung Biru Flower is very important as a teaching for human life to be able to continue to take care of fellow humans and nature.

Abstrak :
Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman dari genus Clitoria yang mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid serta memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sehingga berpotensi dalam menghambat enzim elastase. Namun, penelitian tentang kemampuan ekstrak dalam menghambat enzim elastase masih belum tersedia di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan metode ABTS dan aktivitas penghambatan enzim elastase dalam ekstrak etanol 70% bunga telang. Sebagai langkah awal, dilakukan pengamatan mikroskopis simplisia bunga telang yang menunjukkan adanya beberapa sel atau jaringan di dalamnya, yakni stomata anomositik pada epidermis, pembuluh annular, butiran serbuk sari, kristal kalsium oksalat prismatik, papila, dan trikoma. Ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70% menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 45,521% dengan rata-rata kadar air ekstrak sebesar 5,445 ± 0,08%. Penetapan kadar flavonoid total kemudian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kolorimetri AlCl3 menunjukkan hasil sebesar 4,75 ± 0,7 mgEK/g ekstrak. Aktivitas antioksidan melalui pengujian ABTS dalam ekstrak etanol 70% bunga telang dan pembanding asam askorbat memberikan nilai IC50 dengan kategori sangat kuat, masing-masing sebesar 26,40 ± 0,2 dan 3,20 ± 0,07 ppm. Pada pengujian anti-elastase, pembanding epigalokatekin galat (EGCG) mendapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 39,4 ± 0,07 μg/mL, sedangkan ekstrak memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap enzim elastase yang relatif rendah, yaitu sebesar 10,06 ± 0,2% pada konsentrasi 500 μg/mL dan 19,766 ± 0,4% pada konsentrasi 1000 μg/mL. Dengan demikian, meskipun ekstrak bunga telang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan kuat, kemampuannya dalam menghambat enzim elastase tergolong tidak aktif. ......The butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a plant from the genus Clitoria known for its flavonoid content and antioxidant activity, making it potentially capable of inhibiting the enzyme elastase. However, research on its elastase inhibition ability is lacking in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity using the ABTS method and the elastase inhibitory activity in a 70% ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers. Microscopic observations of the flower revealed several cellular structures, including anomocytic stomata, annular vessels, pollen grains, calcium oxalate crystals, papillae, and trichomes. The extraction process used maceration with 70% ethanol, yielding a rendement of 45.521% and an average moisture content of 5.445 ± 0.08%. The total flavonoid content was determined using the AlCl3 colorimetric method, resulting in 4.75 ± 0.7 mgQE/g extract. The ABTS testing showed very strong antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 26.40 ± 0.2 ppm for the extract and 3.20 ± 0.07 ppm for ascorbic acid. In the anti-elastase test, the comparator epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) had an IC50 value of 39.4 ± 0.07 μg/mL. However, the extract demonstrated relatively low elastase inhibitory activity, with inhibition rates of 10.06 ± 0.2% at 500 μg/mL and 19.766 ± 0.4% at 1000 μg/mL. Thus, while the butterfly pea flower extract exhibits strong antioxidant potential, its ability to inhibit elastase is less effective compared to EGCG. This suggests that the extract might be more useful for applications focused on antioxidant properties rather than as an elastase inhibitor.