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Abstrak :
Abstract: "Are international fisheries heading away from open access to a global commons towards a regime of property rights? The distributional implications of denying access to newcomers and re-entrants that used the resource in the past are fraught. Should the winners in this process compensate the losers and, if so, how? Regional Fisheries Management Organisations, in whose gift participatory rights increasingly lie, are perceptibly shifting their attention to this approach, which has hitherto been little analysed; this book provides a review of the practice of these bodies and the States that are their members. The recently favoured response of governments, combating 'IUU' - illegal, unregulated and unreported - fishing, is shown to rest on a flawed concept, and the solution might lie less in law than in legal policy: compulsory dispute settlement to moderate their claims and an expansion of the possibilities of trading of quotas to make solving the global overcapacity issue easier"--Page 4 of cover.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini membahas pengaturan dan praktik port state measures dalam menanggulangi Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (IUU Fishing). Penelitian ini berbentuk yuridis-normatif dengan desain deskriptif, dengan tujuan memberikan pemahaman mengenai ketentuan port state measures dan penerapannya terhadap Negera-Negara Pihak dari FAO Port State Measures Agreement 2009 yaitu Australia, Selandia Baru, St. Kitts and Nevis, Uni Eropa, dan Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi ketentuan port state measures di negara-negara tersebut berbeda-beda. Namun dapat digarisbawahi bahwa port state measures mempunyai kelebihan tersendiri yang pada akhirnya ketentuan ini akan lebih efektif dalam menanggulangi IUU Fishing. Penelitian menyarankan pentingnya kodifikasi atas peraturan mengenai port state measures yang bertujuan langsung untuk menanggulangi IUU Fishing khususnya di Indonesia.

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ABSTRAK
This study focuses on international law regime and state practices on port state measures in mitigating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU Fishing). This normative juridical and descriptive research is addressed to give an understanding on port state measures and its implementation towards State Parties of FAO Port State Measures Agreement 2009, spesifically Australia, New Zealand, St. Kitts and Nevis, European Union, and Indonesia. This study shows that the implementation on port state measures from those countries are vary. However, port state measures has its own advantages that ultimately this provision will be more effective in mitigating IUU Fishing. The researcher suggests the importance of putting regulations into codification that focusing on port state measures in mitigating IUU Fishing especially in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Penangkapan ikan secara ilegal, tidak dilaporkan dan tidak diatur (IUU) adalah fenomena global yang secara terus-menerus menimbulkan ancaman besar terhadap keberlanjutan sumber daya perikanan, dan itu terjadi tidak hanya di dalam yurisdiksi nasional tetapi juga di laut lepas. Skala penangkapan ikan IUU di laut lepas semakin kuat, mengingat fakta bahwa laut lepas adalah daerah yang sangat luas yang tidak tertutup, dengan pengawasan, pemantauan, dan penegakan yang lemah. Situasi ini memfasilitasi praktik penangkapan ikan ilegal untuk terus terjadi tanpa intervensi. RFMO sebagai organisasi regional yang menangani isu-isu mengenai konservasi dan pengelolaan perikanan laut lepas menjadi salah satu platform terkuat dalam menegakkan langkah-langkah untuk mencegah, menghalangi, dan menghilangkan IUU fishing. Namun, konservasi dan pengelolaan RFMO harus diikuti oleh kemauan dan komitmen serius dari anggota dan non-anggota untuk mematuhi dan menerapkan langkah-langkah yang diadopsi oleh RFMO tertentu. Jika instrumen dan langkah-langkah hukum internasional yang diadopsi oleh RFMO dilaksanakan secara konsisten dan efektif, masalah IUU memancing di laut lepas dapat diselesaikan. ......Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU) is a global phenomenon that continually poses a major threat to the sustainability of fisheries resources, and it occurs not only in national jurisdictions but also in the high seas. The scale of IUU fishing in the high seas is getting stronger, given the fact that the high seas is a vast area that is not covered, with weak supervision, monitoring and enforcement. This situation facilitates illegal fishing practices to continue to occur without intervention. RFMO as a regional organization that handles issues concerning the conservation and management of open sea fisheries is one of the strongest platforms in enforcing measures to prevent, hinder, and eliminate IUU fishing. However, conservation and management of RFMO must be followed by a serious willingness and commitment from members and non-members to comply with and implement the steps adopted by certain RFMO. If the instruments and international legal measures adopted by RFMO are implemented consistently and effectively, the problem of IUU fishing in the high seas can be resolved.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Praktik illegal fishing di dunia semakin masif dan berkembang melibatkan teknik-teknik yang digunakan untuk mengeksploitasi kelemahan dalam regulasi perikanan dunia. Berbagai kejahatan serius dan bersifat lintas batas negara atau transnational organized crime dilakukan demi melancarkan operasinya. Sejumlah laporan kasus menemukan adanya hubungan erat antara transnational organized crime dengan illegal fishing memunculkan gagasan perubahan paradigma illegal fishing dari permasalahan pengelolaan dan konservasi perikanan atau administratif menjadi kejahatan dan diatur dalam United Nations Convention Againts Transnational Organized Crime UNTOC sebagai transnational organized crime. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif yang akan menganalisis berbagai kasus illegal fishing skala besar yang disertai praktik transnational organized crime berdasarkan kriteria transnational organized crime dalam UNTOC. Berdasarkan analisis kasus menggunakan sumber data dari kepustakaan dan wawancara, dapat disimpulkan bahwa illegal fishing dalam skala besar sudah memenuhi kriteria sebagai transnational organized crime. Oleh karena itu illegal fishing tidak dapat dianggap hanya sebagai sekadar isu administratif, namun sebagai kejahatan serius. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsepsi fisheries crime dapat menjembatani illegal fishing untuk dapat dikategorikan sebagai transnational organized fisheries crime. Namun, konsepsi ini masih prematur mengingat luasnya cakupan dari fisheries crime dan belum adanya dokumen hukum yang secara eksplisit mengatur definisi jelas dari illegal fishing selain dari IPOA-IUU dibawah naungan FAO. Diperlukan pendekatan multi-door approach untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, sebab, illegal fishing merupakan kejahatan yang dapat memiliki berbagai modus dan bentuk, sehingga pendekatan multidisipliner dapat membantu untuk dapat mengatasi permasalahan ini bagaimanapun bentuknya.

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ABSTRACT
The practice of illegal fishing in the world is massively increasing and growing in which it involves different techniques used to exploit the weaknesses in the world 39 s existing fisheries regulations. A variety of serious crimes that coincidingly crosses between state borders, or what is commonly referred to as a transnational organized crime, takes place in order to ease this operation. A number of case reports indicate a very close link between transnational organized crime and illegal fishing and therefore it brings about the idea for a change in the paradigm of illegal fishing from a fish management and conservation or administrative issue into a crime paradigm to be regarded as a transnational organized crime and to be regulated within the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime UNTOC itself. This thesis makes use of a juridical normative research method that will analyze various cases of large scale illegal fishing associated with transnational organized crime practices based on the criteria of a transnational organized crime as stipulated in the UNTOC. Based on a case analysis utilizing several data sources from literatures and interviews, it can be concluded that illegal fishing on a large scale evidently meets the criteria of a transnational organized crime. Therefore, illegal fishing cannot be regarded as merely an administrative issue, but has to also be viewed as a serious crime. The results of this study indicate that the concept of fisheries crime can become a bridge for illegal fishing to be categorized as a transnational organized fisheries crime. However, this conception is premature given the broad scope of fisheries crime itself and the absence of legal documents explicitly regulating a clear definition of illegal fishing aside from the IPOA IUU under the authority of the FAO. A multi door approach is needed to address this problem, because illegal fishing is a crime that can arise from multiple methods and forms, hence a multidisciplinary approach can help to overcome this problem no matter what form it comes in.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Areas beyond national jurisdiction ABNJ adalah sebuah konsep terkait sebuah kawasan yang telah diakui secara universal. Konsep ini pun telah menjadi topik pembahasan pada masyarakat internasional semenjak tahun 2004 karena kawasan ini mencakup 64 laut yang mengandung ekosistem yang kaya akan biodiversitas yang berharga. Pada waktu UNCLOS masih dalam tahap perancangan, aktivitas eksplorasi dan eksploitasi di ABNJ merupakan sebuah tantangan pada sasat itu. Sehingga UNCLOS pun tidak mengandung ketentuan terkait aktivitas di ABNJ meskipun pengetahuan dan teknologi manusia telah berkembang pesat. Melihat hal ini, pembentukan sebuah peraturan pelaksana yang berdasarkan UNCLOS adalah sebuah urgensi, khususnya yang mengatur pemanfaatan ABNJ secara berkelanjutan agar biodiversitas yang ada di ABNJ terjaga secara berhati-hati dan sebaik-baiknya. Mengingat prinsip-prinsip, peraturan dan institusi yang sudah ada dan diberlakukan di ABNJ, maka sangat direkomendasikan untuk peraturan pelaksana yang hendak di rancang tidak mengandung ketentuan yang tumpang tindih dan dapat mengembangkan lebih jauh peran institusi yang ada. Sebagai negara yang memiliki kepentingan di ABNJ, penting untuk Indonesia dalam berperan pada proses perancangan rezim baru ini. Sehingga perlu untuk dikaji lebih jauh mengenai sejauh apa langkah yang dapat dilaksanakan oleh Indonesia baik di laut bebas dan the area.

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ABSTRACT
Areas beyond national jurisdiction ABNJ is a concept of an area that has been universally acknowledged. It has become topic within the international community since 2004 because it contains 64 of of the ocean consisting ecosystem with rich and valuable biodiversities to mankind. Referring to the establishment of UNCLOS, the exploration and exploitation within ABNJ was a challenge at the time. Therefore, the UNCLOS seemed to be lacking in regulatory and governance towards activities in ABNJ, specifically in this particular time where technology and human knowledge have advanced. This comes an urgent need for an implementing agreement under UNCLOS, specifically address the use of ABNJ in a sustainable way to ensure that the biodiversities within ABNJ will be maintained carefully and properly. Since there are already principles that uphold the areas of ABNJ and also few existing regulations and institutions, its highly recommended that the new implementation agreement shall not contain any overlapping provisions and to also further evolve the role of institution. Indonesia, as an archipelagic state have continuously been involved in maintaining sustainable use of the ocean, including ABNJ. Therefore requires further studies on the extent of Indonesias role in ABNJ, specifically high seas and The Area.