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"Given its importance to consumer safety, fire resistant textiles are one of the fastest growing sectors in industrial textiles. Handbook of fire resistant textiles provides a comprehensive review of the considerable advances that have occurred in the field of fire resistant textiles in recent years. It draws together scientific and technical expertise from around the world to produce an important source of current knowledge on fire resistant textiles and their use for protection in hostile environments.Part one provides an overview of fire resistant textiles. Chapters discuss burning and combustion mechanisms of textile fibers, chemical modification of natural and synthetic fibers to improve flame retardancy, multi-component flame resistant coating techniques for textiles, care and maintenance of fire resistant textiles, along with the safety, health and environmental aspects of flame retardants. Part two covers different types of fire resistant fibers and fabrics, including flame retardant cotton, wool, ceramic fibers and blends, composites and nonwovens. Part three reviews standards, regulations, and characterization of fire resistant textiles. Part four includes case studies of major applications of fire resistant textiles."

"Poliester tak jenuh memiliki aplikasi luas namun mudah terbakar. Aditif halogen awalnya digunakan untuk meningkatkan fire retardancy komposit namun memiliki efek samping negatif terhadap kesehatan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis fire retardant composite dengan variasi konsentrasi aditif Al(OH)3/Mg(OH)2 dan filler carbon black. Parameter fire retardancy yang diamati adalah time to ignition (ti), time taken to retard the fire (tr), burning time (tb), dan flammability rating menurut standar UL-94V. Komposisi aditif terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi Al(OH)3 40%/Mg(OH)2 10% dengan ti 22,5 detik, tr 6,2 detik, tb 7,8 detik, dan flammability rating V–0. Penambahan filler carbon black sebanyak 2,5% meningkatkan fire retardancy komposit dengan nilai ti 30 detik, tr 1,4 detik, tb 3,5 detik, dan flammability rating V–0. Penambahan aditif dan filler CB mampu meningkatkan stabilitas termal komposit dengan menurunkan mass loss rate (MLR) dan total mass loss. Komposit resin/aditif terbaik (Al(OH)3 40%/Mg(OH)2 10%) memiliki nilai tensile strength sebesar 18,2 MPa dan hardness 51. Sedangkan komposit resin/aditif/filler terbaik (Al(OH)3 40%/Mg(OH)2 10%/CB 2,5%) memiliki nilai tensile strength sebesar 13,9 MPa dan hardness 55.

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Unsaturated polyester resin has wide application but is flammable. Halogen additive was originally used for improving the fire retardancy of the composite but has the negative effects on health. In this research, synthesis of fire retardant composite has been conducted by varying additive Al(OH)3/Mg(OH)2 and carbon black filler concentration. Fire retardancy parameters need to be observed are time to ignition (ti), time taken to retard the fire (tr), burning time (tb), and flammability rating as per UL-94V standard. Additive composition shows the best result at the concentration of Al(OH)3 40%/Mg(OH)2 10% with ti value of 22.5 s, tr 6.2 s, tb 7.8 s, and V-0 flammability rating. Adding carbon black filler of 2.5% improves the fire retardancy of composite with ti value of 30 s, tr 1.4 s, tb 3.5 s, and V-0 flammability rating. Adding of additive and CB filler can improve the thermal stability of composite by reducing mass loss rate (MLR) and total mass loss. The best resin/additive composite (Al(OH)3 40%/Mg(OH)2 10%) has tensile strength value of 18.2 MPa and hardness 51. Whereas, the best resin/additive/filler composite (Al(OH)3 40%/Mg(OH)2 10%/CB 2.5%) has tensile strength value of 13.9 MPa and hardness 55."