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[ABSTRAK
Salah satu tahap yang penting dalam perancangan pabrik adalah perhitungan keekonomian yang biasanya dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi simulasi proses. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu, memanfaatkan SuperPro Designer sebagai simulasi proses, namun belum banyak yang menggunakannya pada proses produksi bioethanol berbahan baku tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Pada simulasi ini, dilakukan empat skenario proses: (1) SHF-Adsorpsi; (2) SHF-Permeasi Uap; (3) SSF-Adsorpsi; dan SSF-Permeasi Uap, dimodelkan menggunakan SuperPro Designer yang memfasilitasi komposisi bahan baku dan produk, ukuran unit operasi, konsumsi utilitas, estimasi modal dan biaya operasional serta pendapatan dari produk dan coproduk. Pemodelan didasarkan pada data yang diperoleh dari produsen ethanol, penyedia jasa teknologi, manufaktur peralatan dan jasa engineering untuk industri. Dari hasil analisis ekonomi hasil simulasi, skenario SSF-Permeasi Uap yang paling rendah biaya produksinya dan dapat dikembangkan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan analisis sensitivitas pada skenario tersebut, fluktuasi harga jual bioethanol, harga tepung TKKS dan harga produksi enzim akan mempengaruhi nilai keekonomiannya

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ABSTRACK
One of the important steps in plant design is economic analysis that usually done by using simulator process application. Many research reports have used SuperPro Designer as simulator, but only a few used it in bioethanol production simulation process for Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) as feedstock. In this simulation, four scenario process models: (1) SHF-Adsorption; (2) SHF-Vapor Permeation; (3) SSF-Adsorpstion; and (4) SSF-Vapor Permeation for ethanol production from EFB were developed using SuperPro Designer software that handle the composition of raw materials and product, sizing of unit operations, utility consumption, estimation of capital and operating costs and the revenues from products and coproducts. The models were based on data gathered from ethanol producers, technology suppliers, equipment manufacturers, and engineering working in the industry. Based on economic analysis, scenario model SSFVapor Permeation provided cost effective and can be developed in Indonesia. It was suggested through sensitivity analysis that, deviation bioethanol selling price, EFB powder price and enzime production cost were necessary for bioethanol production value.;One of the important steps in plant design is economic analysis that usually done by using simulator process application. Many research reports have used SuperPro Designer as simulator, but only a few used it in bioethanol production simulation process for Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) as feedstock. In this simulation, four scenario process models: (1) SHF-Adsorption; (2) SHF-Vapor Permeation; (3) SSF-Adsorpstion; and (4) SSF-Vapor Permeation for ethanol production from EFB were developed using SuperPro Designer software that handle the composition of raw materials and product, sizing of unit operations, utility consumption, estimation of capital and operating costs and the revenues from products and coproducts. The models were based on data gathered from ethanol producers, technology suppliers, equipment manufacturers, and engineering working in the industry. Based on economic analysis, scenario model SSFVapor Permeation provided cost effective and can be developed in Indonesia. It was suggested through sensitivity analysis that, deviation bioethanol selling price, EFB powder price and enzime production cost were necessary for bioethanol production value., One of the important steps in plant design is economic analysis that usually done by using simulator process application. Many research reports have used SuperPro Designer as simulator, but only a few used it in bioethanol production simulation process for Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) as feedstock. In this simulation, four scenario process models: (1) SHF-Adsorption; (2) SHF-Vapor Permeation; (3) SSF-Adsorpstion; and (4) SSF-Vapor Permeation for ethanol production from EFB were developed using SuperPro Designer software that handle the composition of raw materials and product, sizing of unit operations, utility consumption, estimation of capital and operating costs and the revenues from products and coproducts. The models were based on data gathered from ethanol producers, technology suppliers, equipment manufacturers, and engineering working in the industry. Based on economic analysis, scenario model SSFVapor Permeation provided cost effective and can be developed in Indonesia. It was suggested through sensitivity analysis that, deviation bioethanol selling price, EFB powder price and enzime production cost were necessary for bioethanol production value.]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Telah berhasil dilakukan sintesis semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) sebagai absorber sel surya lapis tipis menggunakan metode yang ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan menggunakan sistem prekursor baru basis pelarut etanol. Dipelajari pengaruh penggunaan ethanolamine (ETA) dan 2-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) sebagai stabilisator dan untuk menurunkan tegangan permukaan prekursor pada proses deposisi. Prekursor CZTS dilakukan deposisi diatas kaca soda lime pada nilai konsentrasi yang berbeda. Pengaruh sistem prekursor yang digunakan, etanol-ETA-MPA dan etanol-MPA, terhadap struktur, morfologi, komposisi dan sifat optik lapis semikonduktor CZTS dibahas detail. Analisis uji X-ray diffraction dan energy dispersive spectroscopy menunjukkan fasa kesterite CZTS dengan kristalinitas yang tinggi. Kristalinitas CZTS meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya molaritas prekursor etanol-MPA. Fenomena tersebut berjalan liniar sebelum mencapai nilai molaritas prekursor 2.2 molar. Sedangakn eksperimen menggunakan prekursor etanol-ETA-MPA 1.2 molar dan 1.6 molar tidak menunjukkan kenaikan kristalinitas yang signifikan. Kristalinitas CZTS tertinggi didapat menggunakan prekursor etanol-MPA 2 molar dengan nilai energi celah pita 1.3 eV. Hasil rekam morfologi permukaan CZTS menggunakan SEM menunjukkan bahwa senyawa CZTS terbentuk dengan besar butir sekitar 1.5 mikrometer dan beberapa porositas yang dapat diminimalisir melalui optimalisasi sistem prekursor dan perlakuan termal. Hasil studi pada penelitian ini dapat berperan dalam menurunkan biaya produksi semikonduktor CZTS dengan sifat kristalinitas tinggi.

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ABSTRACT
Hereby, we present a new, cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of preparing a high crystalline Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorber layer for thin film solar cells using ethanol-based solutions. Ethanolamine (ETA) and 2-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were studied as stabilizer and to improve wetting ability of the precursors during deposition process. Cu2ZnSnS4 precursors is deposited onto soda lime glass using spin coater in different molar of kations in the precursors. The effects of the precursor system, ethanol-ETA-MPA and ethanol-MPA, on the structure, morphology, composition and optical properties of CZTS thin films have been investigated in details. X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses confirmed the succesful fabrication of high crystalline Cu2ZnSnS4 kesterite phase. The crystallinity of CZTS in continue increasing before reaching 2.2 molar kations of the ethanol-MPA precursors. The crystallinity of ethanol-ETA-MPA precursors remain similar in the experiment using 1.2 molar and 1.6 molar. The highest crystallinity was achievedusing 2 molar kations of the precursors ethanol-MPA. Its band gap energy is found to be around 1.3 Ev. The SEM micrographs of CZTS film shows the average grain size around 1.5 micrometer and some porosity which indicated the room of improvement. The high-crystallinity CZTS achieved in the present study brings a low-cost absorber semiconductor one step closer to practical use.

Abstrak :
Pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk di Indonesia tentunya diiringi dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan energi, terutama bahan bakar. Salah satu bahan bakar yang sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan adalah bioetanol. Etanol umumnya dihasilkan melalui proses fermentasi, namun produk etanol yang dihasilkan kemurniannya sangat rendah dan tidak memenuhi grade untuk dijadikan bahan bakar, yaitu sebesar 95% v/v. Oleh karena itu, saat ini dikembangkan proses pemurnian etanol melalui adosrpsi yang lebih efektif dan ekonomis. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengembangan pemodelan empiris yang telah dimodifikasi untuk adsorpsi etanol-air pada kolom unggun tetap dengan adosrben zeolit. Model yang digunakan untuk mengetahui sifat adsorpsi yang terjadi adalah Model Thomas dan Model Yoon-Nelson. Performa dari suatu proses adsorpsi dapat dijelaskan oleh Model tersebut dengan melihat karakteristik model berdasarkan kurva breakthrough yang diprediksikan model serta nilai parameter pada model tersebut. Pada percobaan terdahulu, telah dilakukan modifikasi pada Model Thomas dan Model Yoon-Nelson dengan menambahkan parameter “K” pada masing-masing persamaan model dikarenakan koefisien determinasi (R2) yang diperoleh dengan persamaan model original kurang dari 0.9 dan setelah dilakukan modifikasi pada kedua model, diperoleh nilai koefisien determinasinya (R2) > 0.9. Nilai parameter yang diperoleh untuk Model Yoon-Nelson dan Thomas Modifikasi berturut-turut adalah sebagai berikut; Zeolite 3A 50% v/v (kTh = 0.0001, qo= 0.199, KT = 0.432 kYN = 0.0018, τ= 300, KY= 1.9097), Zeolite 3A 10% v/v (kTh= 0.00009, qo= 0.199, KT= 0.487 kYN = 0.0024, τ= 255, KY= 1.974), Zeolite 4A 50% v/v (kTh= 0.00001, qo= 0.189, KT = 0.341 kYN = 0.0016, τ = 270, KY = 1.891), Zeolite 4A 10% v/v ((kTh = 0.00009, qo = 0.189, KT = 0.385 kYN = 0.002, τ = 240, KY = 1.945). Berdasarkan hasil pemodelan, diketahui bahwa Model Empiris Thomas & Yoon Nelson Modifikasi tidak cukup akurat untuk memodelkan kurva breakthrough, sehingga dilakukan pengembangan model empiris untuk adsorpsi etanol-air pada kolom unggun tetap. Model yang dikembangkan merupakan adopsi persamaan Model Thomas dengan persamaan polynomial derajat 3 dengan lima nilai parmeter, yaitu K, a, b, c, dan d. ......Indonesia’s population growth nowadays accompanied by increasing energy needs, especially fuel. Bioethanol was one of renewable fuel that has big potential to be developed. In general, bioethanol was produced through fermentation process, but the final product was low in purity and does not meet the standard to be used as fuel, which is 95% v/v. Hence, ethanol purification using adsorption methods are being developed because it is more effective and economical. In this research, modified empirical model for ethanol-water adsorption in fixed bed column using zeolite adsorbent will be developed. The model that is used to determine the properties of adsorption that occurs is Thomas Model and Yoon-Nelson Model. Those Models can explain the performance of an adsorption by looking at the characteristics of the model based on the predicted breakthrough curve and the parameter values of the model. In the earlier research, modification of Thomas Model and Yoon-Nelson Model have been done by adding “K” parameter on each equation because the results of coefficient of determination (R2) is less than 0.9, and after recalculated using the modified Models, the coefficient determination obtained is above 0.9. Evaluation on these modified models will be conducted in this research to know whether these modified models can be applied for other experimental data or not. Obtained parameter values for Modified Thomas and Yoon-Nelson Model for 50% v/v and 10% v/v on Zeolite 3A and 4A respectively as follows; Zeolite 3A 50% v/v (kTh= 0.0001, qo= 0.199, KT= 0.432 kYN = 0.0018, τ = 300, KY = 1.9097), Zeolite 3A 10% v/v (kTh = 0.00009, qo= 0.199, KT = 0.487 kYN = 0.0024, τ= 255, KY= 1.974), Zeolite 4A 50% v/v (kTh = 0.00001, qo= 0.189, KT= 0.341 kYN = 0.0016, τ= 270, KY= 1.891), Zeolite 4A 10% v/v ((kTh= 0.00009, qo= 0.189, KT = 0.385 kYN = 0.002, τ = 240, KY = 1.945). Based on the results, Modified Thomas & Yoon-Nelson empirical model is not quite accurate for modelling breakthrough curve. Hence, further research is conducted to develop new empirical model for ethanol-water adsorption in a fixed bed column. The empirical model developed by adopting Thomas Model Equation and Polynomial equation that has five parameters which is K, a, b, c, and d.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan uji kelayakan peningkatan kadar menggunakan mini destilator portable. Penelitian ini berhasil mengetahui korelasi laju evaporasi terhadap variasi konsentrasi dan volume masukan dengan proses yang berlangsung berupa destilasi. Hasil diperoleh berupa volume campuran ethanol-air dalam kolom destilasi memiliki korelasi negative terhadap total volume output, konsentrasi ethanol awal terhadap total ouput memiliki korelasi positif, laju evaporasi bervariasi bergantung pada volume dan konsentrasi awal ethanol pada penelitian ini berkisar antara 1,38 x 10-3 ml/s hingga 8,05 x 10-3 ml/s, peningkatan konsentrasi Initial to Result Ratio terhadap konsentrasi awal memiliki korelasi negative namun menyiratkan kemungkinan keberadaan konsentrasi optimum di sebelah kiri 40% untuk dapat digunakan sebagai konsentrasi optimal low grade ethanol sebagai bahan bakar, loss dari portable mini destilator dibandingkan output sangat besar yakni berkisar antara 5,5% hingga 13,5% dari volume awal.

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Feasibility test has been performed using elevated levels of portable mini-distillation. This research work to study the correlation rate of evaporation of various concentration and volume inputs to the process that took place in the distillation process. The Results is the volume of ethanol-water mixture in a distillation column has a negative correlation to the total volume of output, the initial ethanol concentration of total output has a positive correlation, the rate of evaporation varies depending on the volume and initial concentration of ethanol in this study ranged from 1.38 x 10 - 3 ml / s to 8.05 x 10-3 ml / s, increasing to Result Initial concentration ratio of initial concentration has a negative correlation but suggests the possibility of the existence of an optimum concentration in the left 40% to be used as the optimal concentration of ethanol as low grade materials burns, loss of a portable mini-distillation is very large compared to the output ranged from 5.5% to 13.5% of the initial volume.

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ABSTRAK
p.p1 margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.5px Times New Roman Kebutuhan akan energi bersih dan berkelanjutan meningkat semenjak dunia mengakui bahwa perubahan iklim yang disebabkan oleh emisi karbon-antropogenik merupakan masalah yang serius. Bahan bakar minyak berbasis etanol yang terbuat dari tebu dan jagung digunakan sebagai sumber energi berkelanjutan. Kendati produksi etanol yang umum, yaitu dengan metode distilasi, sudah mencapai pada tahap kematangannya, proses tersebut masih mengonsumsi energi yang tinggi. Hal tersebut membuat peneliti mencari opsi baru untuk proses produksi tersebut. Membran Forward Osmosis FO , membran separasi yang umum digunakan dalam riset untuk memisahkan campuran berbasis air, diusulkan untuk memisahkan campuran berbasis etanol. Namun, tingkat riset yang telah dilakukan untuk separasi etanol masih minim dan belum dapat diimplementasikan pada skala industri yang bersifat kontinu. Model matematika yang berasal dari hasil laboratorium kemudian dibentuk untuk merancang proses dari berbagai parameter berskala industri. Model tersebut kemudian diimplementasikan pada program simulasi Aspen-Plus. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi percobaan, membran komersil Cellulose Triacetate CTA dinyatakan tidak layak untuk digunakan karena tinggi nya jumlah etanol yang terbuang. Maka dari itu, beberapa parameter membran telah dimanipulasi untuk menghasilkan membran teoritis untuk digunakan dalma perancangan proses beriorientasi FO secara umum, menganalisa perbandingan secara ekonomi dengan proses distilasi, dan menentukan target riset untuk parameter optimum pada membran di masa depan.

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p.p1 margin 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px font 11.5px Times New Roman Demand for sustainable and clean energy carriers had increased since the world acknowledged climate change caused by anthropogenic carbon emissions as a serious issue. Fuel grade ethanol made from sugarcane or corn is a biofuel that has been placed as one renewable energy source. Despite the maturity of the ethanol production process, it is energy intensive and researchers are always looking for new options. Forward Osmosis FO is a membrane based separation technique that is popular in many water mixture research papers, which recently proposed for ethanol production. However, these papers have only looked at membrane materials and minimal research exists into the feasibility of incorporating FO technology into continuous production. Working from a laboratory scale data in FO research paper, mathematical models could be constructed to design certain parameters for industrial scale FO. These were implemented in Aspen Plus simulation. Commercial Cellulose Triacetate CTA membranes were concluded to be not feasible due to the comparatively low ethanol rejection, which leads to high losses. Nonetheless, building on these results, certain parameters were manipulated to produce theoretical membranes, which help to visualize FO oriented process design, an economical comparison analysis with the current distillation technology and research targets for membrane performance properties.

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[ABSTRAK
Kebutuhan akan bahan bakar alternatif beserta metode penggunaannya yang tepat telah menjadi kajian untuk mengatasi kelangkaan bahan bakar di Papua, Indonesia. Salah satu alternatif yang digunakan ialah pemanfaatan ampas sagu untuk pengolahan bahan bakar etanol, yang disebut bioetanol. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mempelajari salah satu alternatif metode pembakaran pada kompor etanol yakni dengan menciptakan fenomena flame jet dengan memvariasikan lebar celah antara kompor tersebut. Adapun parameter yang diukur antara lain ialah kestabilan nyala api, temperatur nyala api, luas proyeksi nyala, serta tinggi jetting. Selain itu, beberapa karakteristik bioetanol sebagai bahan bakar juga diteliti.

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ABSTRACT
The need of alternative fuel and its method of using has been a subject to solve the scarcity of fuel in Papua, Indonesia. The utilization of dregs from Metroxylon sago to be processed into ethanol, called bioethanol, is one of alternative used to solve the problem. The aim of this research is to study the design of appropriate stove used for ethanol as fuel by using the method of flame jet by varying the gap width. The tested parameters are stability, temperature, area, and jetting height of flame. The characteristic of bioethanol as fuel is also studied., The need of alternative fuel and its method of using has been a subject to solve the scarcity of fuel in Papua, Indonesia. The utilization of dregs from Metroxylon sago to be processed into ethanol, called bioethanol, is one of alternative used to solve the problem. The aim of this research is to study the design of appropriate stove used for ethanol as fuel by using the method of flame jet by varying the gap width. The tested parameters are stability, temperature, area, and jetting height of flame. The characteristic of bioethanol as fuel is also studied.]

Abstrak :
Bioetanol menjadi salah satu bahan bakar alternatif, terbarukan, ramah lingkungan, dan peningkat angka oktana bensin, yang diaplikasikan untuk mesin motor pembakaran dalam. Mesin kendaraan dengan kebutuhan angka oktana yang sesuai, menghasilkan kinerja mesin berupa daya, emisi gas buang, dan konsumsi bahan bakar yang optimal. Penelitian ini menyajikan pengaruh angka oktana bensin yang divariasikan dengan bioetanol terhadap karakteristik bahan bakar, performa mesin, kecepatan pembakaran laminar (Laminar Burning Velocity, LBV) dan optimasinya terhadap variasi kondisi motor Otto 150 cc. Penambahan etanol hingga 40% (E40) menghasilkan peningkatan angka oktana tertinggi pada Bensin 88, sebesar 17.3%. Kinerja mesin optimum didapatkan pada bahan bakar E40 dengan pengaturan Engine Control Unit (ECM) meliputi ignition timing sebesar +2o CA dan fuel injection duration sebesar -10%. Optimasi penambahan etanol terhadap Primary Reference Fuel (PRF), untuk mendapatkan angka oktana (RON) 84, 86, 88, 90, dan 92, menghasilkan persamaan polinomial yang menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan hasil eksperimen menggunakan mesin Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR). Rasio ekuivalen 1,1 menghasilkan LBV tertinggi dibandingkan rasio ekuivalen 1,0 dan 0,9 pada setiap titik angka oktana PRF yang dianalisis. Diversification of biofuel with bioethanol utilization is necessary to increase energy security and improve environmental air quality. As an octane booster for gasoline, bioethanol is applied to internal combustion engine with an appropriate octane number requirements, producing an optimum engine performance, i.e., power, emissions, fuel consumption. This study investigates the effect of gasoline octane number, which is varied with bioethanol, on fuel characteristics, engine performance, laminar burning velocity (LBV) and its optimization on the Otto engine. Based on the results, the addition of 40% ethanol (E40) resulting in the highest octane number increase in Gasoline 88, up to 17.3%. Optimum engine performance is obtained on E40 fuel blend with Engine Control Unit (ECM) settings, including ignition timing of +2 oCA and fuel injection duration of -10%. Optimizing the addition of ethanol to Primary Reference Fuel (PRF) to get octane numbers (RON) of 84, 86, 88, 90, and 92 produces polynomial equations that show conformity with experimental using the Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine. The 1.1 equivalence ratio resulted in the highest LBV compared to the 1.0 and 0.9 equivalence ratios at each point of the analyzed PRF octane number.

Abstrak :
Bioetanol menjadi salah satu bahan bakar alternatif, terbarukan, ramah lingkungan, dan peningkat angka oktana bensin, yang diaplikasikan untuk mesin motor pembakaran dalam. Mesin kendaraan dengan kebutuhan angka oktana yang sesuai, menghasilkan kinerja mesin berupa daya, emisi gas buang, dan konsumsi bahan bakar yang optimal. Penelitian ini menyajikan pengaruh angka oktana bensin yang divariasikan dengan bioetanol terhadap karakteristik bahan bakar, performa mesin, kecepatan pembakaran laminar (Laminar Burning Velocity, LBV) dan optimasinya terhadap variasi kondisi motor Otto 150 cc. Penambahan etanol hingga 40% (E40) menghasilkan peningkatan angka oktana tertinggi pada Bensin 88, sebesar 17.3%. Kinerja mesin optimum didapatkan pada bahan bakar E40 dengan pengaturan Engine Control Unit (ECM) meliputi ignition timing sebesar +2o CA dan fuel injection duration sebesar -10%. Optimasi penambahan etanol terhadap Primary Reference Fuel (PRF), untuk mendapatkan angka oktana (RON) 84, 86, 88, 90, dan 92, menghasilkan persamaan polinomial yang menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan hasil eksperimen menggunakan mesin Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR). Rasio ekuivalen 1,1 menghasilkan LBV tertinggi dibandingkan rasio ekuivalen 1,0 dan 0,9 pada setiap titik angka oktana PRF yang dianalisis. ......Diversification of biofuel with bioethanol utilization is necessary to increase energy security and improve environmental air quality. As an octane booster for gasoline, bioethanol is applied to internal combustion engine with an appropriate octane number requirements, producing an optimum engine performance, i.e., power, emissions, fuel consumption. This study investigates the effect of gasoline octane number, which is varied with bioethanol, on fuel characteristics, engine performance, laminar burning velocity (LBV) and its optimization on the Otto engine. Based on the results, the addition of 40% ethanol (E40) resulting in the highest octane number increase in Gasoline 88, up to 17.3%. Optimum engine performance is obtained on E40 fuel blend with Engine Control Unit (ECM) settings, including ignition timing of +2 oCA and fuel injection duration of -10%. Optimizing the addition of ethanol to Primary Reference Fuel (PRF) to get octane numbers (RON) of 84, 86, 88, 90, and 92 produces polynomial equations that show conformity with experimental using the Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine. The 1.1 equivalence ratio resulted in the highest LBV compared to the 1.0 and 0.9 equivalence ratios at each point of the analyzed PRF octane number.

Abstrak :
Semakin meningkatnya konsumsi minyak bumi sebagai bahan bakar membuat sumber energi yang tidak terbaharukan ini semakin menipis. Hal ini membuat kita harus mencari alternative renewable energy, salah satunya adalah bio-ethanol. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan pengaturan volume ethanol sebagai campuran bahan bakar melalui main jet secara terpisah dengan bensin premium untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap emisi yang dihasilkan oleh motor. Kadar ethanol yang digunakan adalah E7, E10, E13, E16, dan E20. Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan akan diketahui berapa banyak bio-ethanol yang dibutuhan sebagai campuran agar emisi yang dihasilkan menjadi lebih bagus. ......As the consumption of petroleum keep increasing, make this unrenewable energy resources met its end. A new alternative renewable energy such as bio- ethanol is needed. In this research, control volume of bio-ethanol as a blend of fuel through main jet with gasoline will be done to find the effect on the emission it produce. The rate of bio-ethanol that will be used are E7, E10, E13, E16, and E20. From this research, how much of bio-ethanol will be needed as a blend to the fuel so the the emission it produce can be better is expected to be known.

Abstrak :
Terus meningkatnya angka konsumsi bahan bakar oleh masyarakat Indonesia dalam kurun waktu tahun 2008-2011 patut dikhawatirkan mengingat tingginya ketergantungan ketahanan energi Indonesia pada bahan bakar minyak dan gas bumi. Dari sektor minyak bumi saja, sejak tahun 2008, kuantitas produksinya justru makin menurun dari tahun ke tahun. Untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut, salah satu langkah solusinya adalah memanfatkan bioethanol sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Pemanfaatan bioethanol pada motor bakar 4 langkah berfokus pada pencampuran bensin dan bioethanol dengan sistem yang sederhana namun memungkinkan kontrol volume sebagai variabel penelitian. Desain penelitian ini memanfaatkan pencampuran bioethanol dengan bensin yang langsung dilakukan pada saat pengkabutan di ruang venturi karburator. Tujuan dari perancangan sistem pencampuran bahan bakar ini nantinya akan digunakan pada penelitian mengenai pengaruh pencampuran bahan bakar bioethanol pada emisi gas buang serta konsumsi bahan bakar dengan variabel berupa kontrol volume bioethanol (7%, 10%, 13%,16%, 20%). ......Ever-increasing fuel consumption in Indonesia in span of 2008-2011 should be worried about, considering the high dependency of Indonesian energy sustainability in oil and gas energy. Since 2008, the production quantity in petrolyum sector continue to decline. In anticipation of that, one of the solutions is to utilize bioethanol as a source of alternative energy. The utilization in a 4-stroke engine is to focus on mixing gasoline and bioethanol using a simple system but allowing control volume as research variables. This particular research design utilize the mixing of bioethanol and gasoline which performed directly at the carburateor ventury chamber. This fuel mixer will eventually be used in the correlated research about the effect of controlled-volume bioethanol mix with gasoline towards the engine exhaust gas emission and specific fuel consumption, which varies between 7%, 10%, 13%,16%, 20%.