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Abstrak :
Penyakit Jembrana adalah penyakit viral akut yang hanya menyerang sapi Bali (Bos sondaicus). Jembrana Transmembrane (JTM) merupakan salah satu protein viral yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan vaksin Jembrana. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai optimum kepadatan sel Escherichia coli BL21 terhadap ekspresi protein rekombinan JTM pGEX. Re-transformasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan transforman baru yang memiliki plasmid yang masih aktif. Hasil re-transformasi diperoleh dua koloni transforman. Ekspresi protein rekombinan JTM-pGEX dilakukan dengan menggunakan induksi IPTG 100 mM pada nilai OD600 0,4; 0,6; dan 0,8. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekspresi protein rekombinan JTM-pGEX paling tinggi didapatkan pada nilai OD600 = 0,6 (hasil refolding) dan OD600 = 0,4 (hasil solubilisasi). ...... Jembrana disease is an acute viral disease in Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus). Jembrana Transmembrane (JTM) is one of viral protein which can be utilized as a material for Jembrana vaccine. The aim of the research was to determine the best value of Escherichia coli BL21 optical density in order to get optimal expression of recombinant protein JTM-pGEX. Re-transformasion was conducted to get new transformant which have an active DNA plasmid. The result showed two transformant colonies of Escherichia coli BL21. Expression of recombinant protein JTM-pGEX was carried out using induction IPTG 100 mM in OD600 0.4; 0.6; and 0.8. The result revealed that the best value of OD600=0.6 produced the highest expression of recombinant protein JTM-pGEX after refolding while OD600 0.4 produced the highest expression of recombinant protein JTM-pGEX after solubilization.

Abstrak :
Sukrosafosforilase (SPase) adalah suatu enzim yang mengkatalisis sejumlah reaksi pemindahan gugus glukosil ke sejumlah molekul aseptor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh SPase rekombinan dari E. coli BL-21 StarTM dalam skala besar, memperoleh karakter enzim berdasarkan bobot molekul dan aktivitas, dan mengetahui aktivitas transglikosilasi terhadap asam askorbat dan asam benzoat. Berdasarkan hasil SDS PAGE, bobot molekul SPase rekombinan adalah antara 45 dan 66 kDa. Aktivitas SPase diukur dengan menggunakan sukrosa sebagai substrat dan produk akhir diukur sebagai NADPH pada 340 nm, dengan hasil aktivitas relatif 98,52% terhadap SPase standar. Aktivitas transglukosilasi menggunakan asam benzoat sebagai substrat menunjukkan produk pada KLT, sedangkan asam askorbat tidak menunjukkan terbentuknya produk pada KLT dan KCKT. ......Sucrosephosphorylase (SPase) is an enzyme that catalyzes glucosyl transfer reaction to the amount of acceptor molecules. The objective of this study was to obtain the recombinant SPase from E. coli BL-21 StarTM in a large scale, to characterize the recombinant SPase by its molecular weight and activity, and to determine the transglucosylation activity using ascorbic acid and benzoic acid as substrate. SDS PAGE result showed that molecular weight of recombinant SPase between 45 and 66 kDa. SPase activity was measured by using sucrose as substrate, and the end product was measured as NADPH at 340 nm; this resulting relative activity 98.52% to standard SPase. Its transglucosylation activity using benzoic acid as substrate showed a product by performing TLC while as using ascorbic acid did not by performing TLC and HPLC.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Infeksi saluran kemih ISK berulang adalah ISK yang timbul kembali pasca pengobatan, dengan kejadian 40-50 dari ISK pertama. Kekerapan berulangnya ISK meningkatkan komplikasi gagal ginjal kronik. Salah satu faktor penyebab adalah kolonisasi bakteri patogen feses dari saluran cerna di daerah periuretra. Bakteri saluran cerna terdiri dari 3 kelompok, bakteri patogen, komensal dan bakteri menguntungkan. Penelitian membuktikan disbiosis antara bakteri patogen dan menguntungkan berkaitan dengan kejadian penyakit sistemik, namun belum ada penelitian tentang pengaruh hal tersebut pada ISK berulang.Tujuan : Mengetahui kondisi disbiosis yaitu perbedaan proporsi Escherichia coli dan Bifidobacterium sp. saluran cerna pada anak ISK berulang.Metode : Penelitian uji potong lintang pada anak ISK berulang usia 6 bulan sampai dengan

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ABSTRACT
Background Recurrent urinary tract infection UTIr is repeated UTI post antibiotic treatment, with recurrency is 40 50 from the first infection. Recurrency of UTI increases possibility of chronic renal failure as complication. One of the causal factors is colonization of faecal pathogens from gastrointestinal tract in periurethra. Gastrointestinal tract bacteria is divided into 3 groups pathogens, comensal, and beneficial bacteria. Studies proved that imbalance of condition or dysbiosis between pathogens and beneficial bacteria lead to systemic diseases, but there were no studies in UTIr.Objective To know about dysbiosis condition based on proportion differences between gastrointestinal Escherichia coli and Bifidobacterium sp. in UTIr.Methods A cross sectional studies with children with UTIr, aged 6 months old until 18 years old, in Pediatric Departement Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital as a subject. Healty child which had been matched by sex and age was choosen as a control group. Faecal samples from both groups underwent DNA extractions, using real time PCR method, to look for Escherichia coli and Bifidobacterium sp. amount and proportions.Results There was a total of 25 subjects, 8 32 were classifed as simplex UTI and 17 68 were complex UTI, also 25 healthy children as control. The total amount of Escherichia coli in UTIr compared to control was 1.099.271 vs 453.181 p 0,240. The total amount of Bifidobacterium sp. in UTIr compared to control was 1.091.647 vs 359.336 p 0,148. Escherechia coli proportion in UTIr compared to control was 10,97 vs 4,74 p 0,014 that shown a significant different, while Bifidobacterium sp. 6,54 vs 9,33 p 0,594. In UTIr group, proportion differences beetwen Escherichia coli and Bifidobacterium sp. was 10,97 vs 6,54 p 0,819, while in control group 4,74 vs 9,33 p 0,021 which showed that Bifidobacterium sp. has a significant different. The total amount of Escherichia coli in simplex compared to complex UTIr was 996.004 vs 1.099.271 p 0,798, while amount of Bifidobacterium sp. 835.921 vs 1.196.991 p 0,711. Logarithm of Escherichia coli proportion in simplex and complex UTIr was 5,50 SB 1,45 vs 5,92 SB 0,71 p 0,333, while Bifidobacterium sp. 5,85 SB 0,75 vs 6,04 SB 5,50 p 0,562 showed no significant differences.Conclusions Escherchia coli proportion was higher in UTIr children and Bifidobacterium sp. proportion was higher in healthy children. The proportion of both bacteria was equal in simplex and complex UTIr.

Abstrak :
Penyakit infeksi disebabkan oleh berbagai mikroorganisme seperti bakteri, virus, riketsia, jamur, dan protozoa. Asam palmitat dan asam stearat merupakan asam lemak jenuh yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen antibakteri. Modifikasi asam lemak jenuh dikembangkan dengan mengubah gugus karboksilat menjadi gugus amida. Antibiotik yang mengandung gugus amida telah banyak digunakan, seperti beta-laktam, turunan penisilin, sefalosporin, dan carbapenem. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyintesis senyawaan alkanolamida melalui reaksi amidasi langsung dengan satu tahap reaksi pada asam palmitat dan asam stearat dengan dietanolamina dan gel silika sebagai katalis serta uji aktivitas antibakterinya. Produk yang terbentuk diidentifikasi keberadaannya dengan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) lalu dimurnikan dengan kromatografi kolom. Produk dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR (Fourier transform-infrared) dan 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan terbentuknya produk alkanolamida. Produk alkanolamida stearat-dietanolamina berhasil diidentifikasi strukturnya dengan karakterisasi 1H-NMR. Rendemen yang dihasilkan alkanolamida palmitat-dietanolamina sebesar 2,73% dan alkanolamida stearat-dietanolamina sebesar 6,99%. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Pada pengujian aktivitas antibakteri, alkanolamida palmitat-dietanolamina dan alkanolamida stearat-dietanolamina tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. ......Infectious diseases are caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi, and protozoa. Palmitic acid and stearic acid are saturated fatty acids that have potential as antibacterial agents. Modification of saturated fatty acids is developed by changing the carboxylic group into an amide group. Antibiotics containing amide groups have been widely used, such as beta-lactams, penicillin derivatives, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. In this research, synthesis alkanolamide compounds was carried out through direct amidation reactions with a one-step reaction on palmitic acid and stearic acid with diethanolamine and silica gel as catalysts for antibacterial activity test. The formed products were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and then purified by column chromatography. The products were characterized using FTIR (Fourier transform-infrared) and 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). The FTIR characterization results indicated the formation of alkanolamide products. The structure of stearic-diethanolamine alkanolamide product was successfully identified by 1H-NMR characterization. The yield of palmitate-diethanolamine alkanolamide was 2,73% and stearate-diethanolamine alkanolamide was 6,99%. The antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. On antibacterial activity test, palmitate-diethanolamine alkanolamide and stearate-diethanolamine alkanolamide did not show antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.