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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan gramatikal yang dilakukan mahasiswa Unpam. Berdasarkan dugaan awal, kesalahan-kesalahan itu dilakukan karena adanya pengaruh latar belakang linguistik bahasa ibu mereka dan bahasa kedua mereka (bahasa sunda dan bahasa Indonesia) yang sangat berbeda dengan latar belakang linguistik bahasa Inggris. Oleh karena itu, penguasaan bahasa Inggris seseorang berbeda dengan yang lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Unpam masih belum menguasai grammar dengan baik. Kesalahan gramatikal yang dibuat oleh sebagian mahasiswa adalah: kesalahan penggunaan be, kesalahan penggunaan auxiliary do dan does, dan kesalahan penggunaan tenses."

"The focus of this study is the investigation of the strategies used by learners of English in conversation. The subjects of this study were the native speakers of the Minangkabau language (LI) who are learning English. In this conversation, the learners tried to make a systematic attempt to express meanings in English as the target language, in situations where the appropriate systematic target language rules have not been formed. The aims of the study are (1) to describe the strategies which the learners use in communicating in English and (2) to describe the kinds of errors or deviations made by these learners due to the influence of their LI. The recorded data of five cassettes were transcribed and analyzed by using two frameworks, i.e. David Richard's model (1983) supplemented by Corder's algorithm (1981).

The findings of this study include the following. There are two main strategies, i.e. communication strategies (CS) and avoidance strategies (AS), used by the learners. CS involve the choice of alternatives such as literal translation or transfer, generalizations or overgeneralizations, or redundancy reduction. AS involve the choice of alternatives such as code switching, appeal for assistance, or message abandonment. However, there are errors made by Minangkabau speakers in the trancsripts which cannot be systematically explained by the two frameworks. A possible explanation of those errors is proposed at the end of the thesis, i.e. by combining the items in each strategy or the items in both strategies. This type of wayout is here referred to as "combined strategies". From those items, it is the negative transfer and generalizations or overgeneralizations which were used by most learners. The negative transfer gives rise the deletions of certain syntactic categories which then lead to errors in the utterances. Generalizations or overgeneralizations cause the additions of certain syntactic categoriee of English."