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"This book presents selected papers presented during the International Symposium on Earthen Structures held in IISc Bangalore. The papers in this volume cover the theme of earthen structures, with technical content on materials and methods, structural design and seismic performance, durability, seismic response, climatic response, hygrothermal performance and durability, design and codes, architecture, heritage and conservation, and technology dissemination. This book will be of use to professionals, academics, and students in architecture and engineering. "

"Metode Mononobe Okabe (1926) merupakan metode yang masih banyak digunakan untuk menghitung tekanan tanah lateral. Namun, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir dinding basement menunjukan kinerja yang cukup baik selama gempa bumi yang relatif besar. Kesimpulan ini didasarkan pada beberapa gempa besar yang terjadi di Amerika Serikat dimana terdapat laporan kerusakan pada beberapa struktur penahan, akan tetapi tidak ditemukan laporan kerusakan pada dinding basement, atau tidak ada kegagalan struktur basement meskipun pada saat perencanaan tidak didesain untuk menahan beban gempa. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa metode saat ini menghasilkan tekanan tanah lateral yang berlebih. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan pemodelan basement 3 dan 4 lantai menggunakan finite element dua dimensi dengan menggunakan software PLAXIS 2D v8. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pemodelan Hardening-Soil berpengaruh terhadap perilaku tekanan tanah dinamik.

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The Mononobe-Okabe (1926) is a method that is still frequently used to calculate the earth’s pressure. However, in recent years basement walls appeared to perform well during relatively large earthquakes. This conclusion is based on several earthquakes that occurred in the United States where there were reports of damage to some retaining structures but found no reports of damage on the basement wall, or there was no basement structure failure even though it was not designed to withstand the earthquakes. This suggested that the current method yielded excessive lateral earth pressures. In this paper, a two-dimensional finite element was used to examine the dynamic lateral earth pressure on 3 and 4-story concrete basement walls. The results of this study indicate that the Hardening-Soil modeling affects the dynamic soil pressure behavior. "