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Abstrak :
Penggunaan plastik sendiri sangat dekat dengan kehidupan manusia sehari-hari. Kebiasaan menggunakan plastik inilah yang menyebabkan terjadinya penumpukan sampah plastik yang menyebabkan pencemaran di berbagai tempat. Pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan berbagai instrumen penataan lingkungan untuk mengurangi timbulan sampah plastik ini, seperti Voluntary Arrangement Instrument, Command-and-Control Instrument (CAC), hingga Environmental Economic Instrument. Penelitian ini sendiri bertujuan untuk menjajaki kemungkinan penerapan instrumen ekonomi pada plastik untuk mengurangi dan mengendalikan sumber timbulan sampah plastik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif, yang dilakukan dengan melakukan penelitian terhadap bahan pustaka atau bahan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa instrumen ekonomi lingkungan ini dapat diaplikasikan pada plastik sebagai instrumen pengendalian pencemaran sampah plastik. Instrumen ekonomi tersebut dapat diterapkan dalam bentuk instrumen fiskal atau pungutan yang terkait dengan lingkungan. Jika diterapkan di Indonesia, ada 3 kemungkinan yang bisa digunakan, yaitu Pajak, Cukai, dan PNBP. Dari hasil pungutan tersebut dapat dilakukan earmarking tax yang dananya akan dialokasikan kepada lembaga pengelola dana lingkungan yang dibentuk berdasarkan amanat Peraturan Presiden Nomor 77 Tahun 2018 tentang Pengelolaan Dana Lingkungan. Dana tersebut akan dikelola oleh badan tersebut untuk membiayai kegiatan pengelolaan dan pengendalian sumber timbulan sampah plastik. ......The use of plastic itself is very close to everyday human life. The habit of using plastic is what causes a buildup of plastic waste which causes pollution in various places. The Indonesian government implements various environmental structuring instruments to reduce the generation of plastic waste, such as Voluntary Arrangement Instruments, Command-and-Control Instruments (CAC), to Environmental Economic Instruments. This research itself aims to explore the possibility of applying economic instruments to plastics to reduce and control the source of plastic waste generation. This research is a normative juridical research, which is carried out by conducting research on library materials or secondary materials. The results of this study indicate that this environmental economic instrument can be applied to plastics as an instrument for controlling plastic waste pollution. These economic instruments can be applied in the form of fiscal instruments or levies related to the environment. If implemented in Indonesia, there are 3 possibilities that can be used, namely Taxes, Excise, and PNBP. From the results of these levies an earmarking tax can be carried out whose funds will be allocated to environmental fund management institutions established based on the mandate of Presidential Regulation Number 77 of 2018 concerning Environmental Fund Management. The funds will be managed by the agency to finance management and control activities for the source of plastic waste generation.

Abstrak :
Indonesia’s swamplands are among areas earmarked for future agricultural development. As a type of wetlands, swamplands are inundated and have soil properties that are uniquely different from other agro ecosystems. In Indonesia, some of the se areas are currently used for rice cultivation of the country’s very diversegenetic resources of local rice varieties. Most of the farmers continue top lant and cultivate the local rice swamp land varieties because of the abilities to adapt to extreme environments. This study on the agronomic traits of the local swampl and rice varieties was carried out to evaluate their agronomic character sand identify varieties having superior quality traits. There search was carried out fromApril to October 2016 using a single plot methodat the Rantau Kapas Mudo Village, Batanghari Regency, Jambi Province. Eleven (11)rice varieties were planted in 10 x 5 m single plots, with a spacing of25x 25 cm and 1 m distance between plots. These11 genetic resources of the local swamplandrice varieties, include the Serendah Halus, Rimbun Daun, Karya, Serendah Bawang, Sereh Aek, Botol, Pontianak, Semut, Dawi, Ketan Itam and DI. The observed characters consisted ofthe plant height at harvest, number of productive tillers, age of harvest, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grains per panicle, weight of 1,000 grains, seed shape and the production volume.There were differences among the local swampland rice varieties with the highest production volume of 3.32 tonnes/ha obtained from the Rimbun Daun variety,followed by2. 86 tonnes/ha from the Dawi variety. These two varieties had shown potential to become the leading regional swampland rice varieties.

Abstrak :
Dalam praktik desentralisasi, Dana Bagi Cukai Hasil Tembakau (DBH CHT) diberikan kepada daerah penghasil cukai dan/atau tembakau dengan tujuan sebagai salah satu sumber pembiayaan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Penggunaan utama dana ini oleh pemerintah daerah adalah untuk penyediaan supply side sektor kesehatan diantaranya pengadaan fasilitas kesehatan. Peningkatan anggaran DBH CHT setiap tahunnya belum diiringi dengan memadainya jumlah fasilitas kesehatan. Menggunakan data sekunder tingkat provinsi dan kabupaten/kota di Indonesia pada tahun 2018-2020, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh kebijakan DBH CHT terhadap jumlah fasilitas kesehatan di daerah. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah model regresi Negative Binomial. Hasil validasi awal menunjukan bahwa daerah penerima DBH CHT mengalami peningkatan jumlah fasilitas kesehatan dibandingkan daerah nonpenerima. Hal ini didukung dengan hasil regresi yang menunjukan bahwa DBH CHT mampu memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan jumlah fasilitas kesehatan di level kabupaten/kota. Diharapkan proses perencanaan, penganggaran dan pelaksanaan kebijakan DBH CHT dapat dikelola dan diawasi dengan lebih baik agar manfaatnya dapat dirasakan dalam peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan di masyarakat. ......In the implementation of decentralization, the Tobacco Product Excise Sharing Fund (DBH CHT) is given to excise and/or tobacco producing regions with the aim of being one of the sources of funding for the National Health Insurance (JKN) program. The main use of these funds by local governments is to provide the supply side of the health sector including the provision of health facilities. The annual increase in the DBH CHT budget has not been followed by an adequate number of health facilities. Using secondary data at the provincial and district levels in Indonesia in 2018-2020, this study aims to determine how the DBH CHT policy influences the number of health facilities. The analytical method used in this study is Negative Binomial regression model. The result of the initial validation shows that the DBH CHT recipient regions have increased the number of health facilities compared to non-recipient regions. This is supported by the regression results which show that the DBH CHT have a positive impact on increasing the number of health facilities at the district levels. It is hoped that the process of planning, budgeting and implementing the DBH CHT policy can be better managed and monitored so that the benefits can be felt in improving health services in the community.