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Hasil Pencarian

Ditemukan 110 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
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Levine, Glenn N.
Pocket guide to commonly prescribed drugs : a Lange medical book
Connecticut: Appleton and Lange, 1993
615.14 LEV p
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Pratama Kurnia Wisnubrata
Analisa jarak aman terhadap dosis radiasi hambur pada pemeriksaan radiografi Thorax AP di unit ICU Rumah Sakit X tahun 2012 = Analysis of safe distance against radiation dose scattering on Thorax AP radiography examination in the unit ICU at Hospital X on 2012
"Dalam pemanfaatan radiasi pengion khususnya di bidang medis, sinar - x sangat berperan sekali dalam proses penegakan diagnosa. namun dalam penggunaanya harus dilandasi dengan prinsip ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable), yakni bahwa suatu nilai paparan dosis radiasi yang diterima didalam pemanfaatan sinar-x adalah harus sekecil mungkin dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Sesuai dengan ketentuan BAPETEN Pemeriksaan radiologi seharusnya pada ruang tertutup dan telah di lengkapi oleh sistem proteksi radiasi. Pada hasil observasi di Rumah Sakit X bahwa terdapat pemeriksaan radiografi di unit Intensive Care Unit dan tidak terdapat sistem proteksi radiasi hal ini tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan BAPETEN. Maka Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jarak aman terhadap dosis radiasi hambur yang ditimbulkan dari pemeriksaan radiografi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pada radius jarak 100, 200, 300, 400, centi meter jika melakukan pemeriksaan radiografi Thorax AP di Unit ICU Tanpa Proteksi radiasi dinyatakan tidak aman karena melebihi Nilai Ambang Batas ( NBD) BAPETEN yaitu 0.001 mSv/h. Selain petugas radiographer dilarang berada di ruangan pada saat pemeriksaan. Pemeriksaan radiografi Thorax AP di ICU sebaiknya menggunakan kaidah proteksi radiasi yaitu Jarak, Perisai , dan Waktu.
In particular the use of ionizing radiation in the medical field, x - ray was instrumental in the process of establishing the diagnosis at all. But its use should be based on the principle of ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable), namely, that the value of exposure to the radiation dose received in the use of x-rays is to be as small as possible, and reliable. In accordance with the provisions BAPETEN radiological examination should be in a confined space and have been completed by the radiation protection system. In the observation at Hospital X that there radiographs in the Intensive Care Unit of the unit and there is no system of radiation protection it is not in accordance with the provisions BAPETEN. So the purpose of this study was to determine the safe distance of the scattered radiation dose resulting from radiographic examinations such. This study used quantitative methods with cross sectional approach. The results of this study show that the radius distance of 100 cm, 200 cm, 300 cm, 400 cm, at the time of Thorax AP radiographs in the ICU Unit without Radiation protection declared unsafe because it exceeds the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) BAPETEN the 0.001 mSv / h. Besides radiographer officers banned from the room at the time of inspection. Thorax AP radiographs in the ICU should use the principles of radiation protection are distance, shielding, and time."
Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S44227
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Armaldy Rafliansyah
Evaluasi derajat kompleksitas bukaan MLC statik terhadap ketercapaian dosis radioterapi = Evaluation of static MLC based degree of complexity towards dose deliverability in radiotherapy
"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh derajat kompleksitas bukaan MLC statik yang terdiri dari 4 grup bentuk standar dengan masing-masing 3 variasi keliling dan luas terhadap ketercapaian dosis dalam radioterapi dengan melakukan verifikasi dan menghitung nilai Gamma Index. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan radiasi sinar X energi 6 MV produksi LINAC Elekta Synergy Platform. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan film Gafchromic EBT3 dan 2D Array PTW Octavius.
Hasil perhitungan nilai kompleksitas menunjukan derajat kompleksitas bukaan MLC static semakin besar untuk nilai urut semakin tinggi dalam satu grup, yakni ketika keliling bertambah dan atau luasannya mengecil. Hasil pengukuran dengan EBT3 menunjukan gamma index akan semakin kecil untuk derajat kompleksitas yang semakin tinggi.
Hasil pengukuran dengan 2D Array Octavius menunjukan gamma index semakin besar untuk nilai kompleksitas yang lebih tinggi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah derajat kompleksitas berhubungan erat dengan penurunan nilai gamma index atau menurunnya ketercapaian dosis.
The aim of this research is to know the effect of degree of static MLC openness complexity that consists of 4 groups of standard form with each of 3 variations of circumference and wide to dose achievement in radiotherapy by verifying and calculating Gamma index. Measurements were made with X ray energy of 6 MV of LINAC Elekta Synergy Platform production. Measurements were made using Gafchromic EBT3 film and 2D Array PTW Octavius for.
The result of the complexity calculation shows the degree of complexity of the static MLC openings getting bigger to get high order in one group, that is when the circumference increased and or the area is smaller. The result of measurement with EBT3 shows the gamma index will be smaller for higher degree of complexity.
The results of 2D Array Octavius 39 s measurements showed a greater gamma index for higher complexity. The conclusion of this study is that the degree of complexity is closely related to the decrease in gamma index or decrease in dose attainment.Keyword Complexity, Gamma Index, Static MLC Opening "
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2017
S69830
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Andrian Dede Handika
Studi distribusi dosis 3D pasien selama penyinaran berbasis MLC log file = Study of 3D dose distribution of patient treatment based on MLC log file
"Banyak peneliti telah menyelidiki log file linac untuk Quality Assurance (QA) teknik Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) dan Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT). Dibandingkan antara QA konvensional berdasarkan pengukuran, QA menggunakan log file menawarkan berbagai keuntungan termasuk spasial dan resolusi temporal yang lebih tinggi. Ini berarti QA menggunakan log file tidak memerlukan detektor dan fantom dalam pengukurannya, dan dapat diperoleh secara otomatis serta memberikan informasi untuk pengiriman fraksional setiap pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan dan merekonstruksi distribusi dosis 3D untuk QA khusus pasien IMRT berdasarkan log file linac menggunakan metode Modified Clarkson Integration (MCI). Log file dari linac Varian Unique diekstraksi dan dihitung untuk memperoleh distribusi dosis 3D menggunakan MATLAB versi 2016a. Kemudian, distribusi dosis dari log file dibandingkan dengan DICOM RT Dose dari Treatment Planning System (TPS) Eclipse. Kalkulasi dosis menggunakan metode MCI untuk lapangan sederhana dengan berbagai variasi (teknik, luas lapangan, dan kedalaman) memiliki dikrepansi kurang dari ± 2% pada isocenter. Di sisi lain, kalkulasi evaluasi gamma indeks dengan berbagai kriteria Dose Difference (DD) dan Distance to Agreement (DTA) 3%/3 mm, passing rate di atas 95%, sedangkan kriteria untuk 2%/2 mm dan 1%/1 mm di atas 90%. Kalkulasi evaluasi gamma indeks 2D untuk pasien IMRT dengan kriteria 4%/4 mm dan 3%/3 mm, passing rate masing-masing di atas 90% dan 85%. Evaluasi 3D gamma indeks lebih baik daripada 2D untuk kriteria 4%/4 mm dan 3%/3 mm. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa metode MCI dan log file dapat digunakan untuk kalkulasi dosis dan alternatif patient-specific QA IMRT.
Many researchers have investigated the linac log file for Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) Quality Assurance (QA). In comparison between the conventional QA based on measurements, QA using log files offers various advantages including spatial sampling and higher temporal resolution. It does mean not require tools and phantoms in its measurements, but the QA based log file can be automatically generated and provide information for patient fractional delivery. The aim of this study was to develop and reconstruct 3D dose distribution for IMRT patient-specific QA based on linac log file using Modified Clarkson Integration (MCI) method. Linac log file from Varian Unique was extracted and calculated to 3D dose distribution using MATLAB version 2016a. Then, dose distribution from the log file was compared with DICOM RT Dose from Eclipse Treatment Planning System (TPS). Dose calculations using the MCI method for simple open fields of various variations (techniques, field size, and the depth) had discrepancy less than ±2% at isocenter. On the other hand, the calculation of gamma index evaluation with various criteria Dose Difference (DD) and Distance to Agreement (DTA) of 3%/3 mm, the passing rate is above 95%, while the criteria for 2%/2 mm and 1%/1 mm above 90%. Calculation of gamma index evaluation 2D for IMRT patient with various criteria of 4%/4 mm and 3%/3 mm, the passing rate is above 90% and 85%, respectively. Evaluation Gamma Index 3D is better than 2D for criteria 4%/4 mm and 3%/3 mm. This result showed that MCI method and the log file can be used for dose calculation and alternative IMRT patient-specific QA."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2019
T54700
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rees, Judith A
Introduction to pharmaceutical calculations
""Errors in calculating drug dosages can cause significant harm to patients, particularly neonates, infants and children. Pharmacists are seen as a 'safety net' by fellow healthcare professionals. Therefore, it is essential that pharmacists fully understand pharmaceutical calculations. This book, written by pharmacy teachers, is an introduction to drug dosage and other pharmaceutical calculations. Each chapter contains learning objectives, numerous worked examples, as well as sample questions and answers. This revised and expanded edition includes a new chapter on accuracy of measurements, a new appendix on performing arithmetical routines, and updated worked examples." -- Publisher's website.
Contents
1. Rational Numbers
2. System of Units
3. Concentrations
4. Dilutions
5. Formulations
6. Calculation of Doses
7. Displacement Volumes and Values and Density
8. Calculations Involving Molecular Weights
9. Parenteral Solutions and Isotonicity
10. Accuracy of Measurement
Appendix 1. Metric prefixes
Appendix 2. Conversion factors
Appendix 3. Multiplication and division
Appendix 4. Atomic weights of the elements
Bibliography."
London : Pharmaceutical Press, , 2011
615.14 REE i (1);615.14 REE i (2);615.14 REE i (2)
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Handbook of extemporaneous preparation : a guide to pharmaceutical compounding
"Handbook of Extemporaneous Preparation is a comprehensive and easy-to-follow guide to good practice in extemporaneous compunding. It incorporates the key findings and outputs from the UK National Advisory Board study, including advice on purchasing unlicensed medicines. It will be adopted as the standard for extemporaneous dispensing for NHS patients. Although the standards set out in this book are primarily written for implementation in NHS hospitals, the priciples should be equally applied across the profession internationally"
London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2010
615.1 HAN
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Formulasi bentuk-bentuk sediaan veteriner
Surabaya: Airlangga University Press, 1994
R 636.089 FOR
Buku Referensi  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Formulasi bentuk sediaan veteriner
Surabaya : Airlangga University Press, 1994
636.089 FOR
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Monika Noviena Susanto
Penerapan metode ABC indeks kritis dalam pengelolaan persediaan obat di instalasi farmasi Rumah Sakit XYZ, Pekanbaru Tahun 2018 = Application of the ABC method in the management of drug supplies in XYZ Hospital Pharmacy Installation, Pekanbaru in 2018
"Proses pembuatan formularium Rumah Sakit XYZ oleh Tim Farmasi Terapi (TFT) belum mempertimbangkan tingkat kritis suatu obat bagi pasien. Hal ini menyebabkan masih ada pembelian obat cito(obat diperlukan segera, mempengaruhi keselamatan pasien). Obat-obat ini dapat diidentifikasi dengan metode ABC untuk menetapkan jenis obat yang termasuk dalam kelompok A indeks kritis. Belum ada data mengenai obat-obat yang bernilai investasi besar di RS XYZ, sehingga belum ada fokus dalam kontrol biaya persediaan obat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan menerapkan metode ABC berdasarkan pemakaian, nilai investasi dan indeks kritis terhadap data kebutuhan obat tahun 2018. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen terkait perencanaan dan pengadaan obat. Sebesar 82% jenis obat yang tersedia di gudang jarang digunakan, namun 53 di antaranya merupakan obat yang memiliki nilai investasi tinggi yang memerlukan perhatian khusus. Obat yang memiliki 5 (lima) nilai investasi terbesar namun sangat jarang digunakan (kelompok C nilai pemakaian) adalah: Albuminar 25% infus, Octalbin 25%, Terfacef injeksi, Trijec 1 gram dan Lanmer injeksi. Formularium RS XYZ berikutnya harus mengeluarkan 530 jenis obat yang tidak kritis dan tidak ada pemakaian. Jumlah jenis obat yang masuk ke dalam formularium yang lebih sedikit akan memudahkan proses kontrol dan penyimpanan persediaan.
The process of making the XYZ Hospital formulary by The Therapy Pharmacy Team has not considered the critical level of drug for patient. This causesthe purchase of cito drugs (drugs needed immediately, affecting patient safety). These drugs can be identifiedby the ABC method to determine the types of drugs included in the critical index group A. there is no data on drugs that worth a large investment value and critical indexof drugs needin 2018. The research data was obtained throughin depth-interview, observation, and document review related to drug planning and procurement. 82% of the types of drugs availablein warehouse are rarely usedm but 53 of them are drugs that have high investment value that require high attention. Drugs that have top 5 (five) investment values but rarely used (group C usage value) are: Albuminar 25% infusion, Octalbin 25%, Terfacef injection, Trijec 1 gram and Lanmer injection. The next XYZ Hospital formulary must issue 530 types of drugs that are not \critical and have no use. The smaller number of types of drugs that enter the formulary will facilitate the process of control and storage of inventory."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2018
T52303
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Datu Euphrat Adhi Pradana
Pengaruh penggunaan kV tinggi pada pemeriksaan thorak anak terhadap kualitas gambar dan dosis
"Kualitas gambar dan dosis sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas radiasi sehingga perlu dilakukan studi pengaruh tehnik kV tinggi pada pemeriksaan thorak anak. Pengaruh kualitas radiasi terhadap gambar dapat diketahui melalui densitas film hasil penyinaran objek stepwedge. Pengaruh penggunaan kV tinggi terhadap dosis dilakukan dengan menganalisa incident air kerma dan entrance surface dose ( ESD) pada dua pesawat radiografi. Nilai incident air kerma diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran pada jarak 100 cm pada berbagai variasi tegangan tabung (kV) dan beban tabung (mAs), dan nilai ESD diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran menggunakan TLD yang diletakan pada pertengahan dada pasien.
Dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa penggunaan tehnik kV tinggi akan menyebabkan kontras gambar menurun bila dibandingkan dengan tehnik kV standar, Akan tetapi gambaran bronkus paru akan terlihat lebih banyak dibanding penggunaan tehnik kV standar. Pada penggunaan tehnik kV tinggi nilai incident air kerma berkurang sekitar 57,975% - 61, 007% untuk pesawat Trophy dan sekitar 36,492% - 40,197% untuk pesawat Siemens. Penggunaan tehnik kV tinggi menurunkan dosis terimaan pasien, dengan tetap menghasilkan diagnosa optimal dari gambaran radiografi thorak anak.
Image quality and dose influence by radiation quality, so it necessary to study about effect of high kV technique application on pediatric examination. The effect of radiation quality on image can be study from optical density on film produced by exposed object stepwedge. The dose do to high kV technique analyzed by incident air kerma and entrance surface dose on two general X-Ray machine. Incident air kerma obtain from measurement at 100 cm variation tube voltage (kV) and loading (mAs), and ESD obtain from measurement TLD on patient.
From this study it found that high kV technique could reduced contrast againt standar kV technique, on the other hand more bronchus can be seen clearly againt standar kV technique. On high kV technique, incident air kerma reduced approximately 57.975 %- 61.007 % for trophy machine and approximately 36.492% - 40.197 for Siemens machine. High kV technique reduced pasient dose, while still producing an optimal diagnosis of thoracic radiographs of children."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2011
S670
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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