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"ABSTRAKTheory of mind (ToM), yang didefinisikan sebagai kemampuan untuk memahami kondisi mental orang lain, adalah salah satu kemampuan yang berkembang pesat di kalangan anak-anak prasekolah. Kemampuan ini sangat penting untuk perkembangan sosial, kognitif, dan moral anak di kemudian hari. Pelajaran sebelumnya telah menunjukkan bahwa ada efek dari saudara kandung dan paparan televisi pada ToM anak-anak, walaupun hasilnya tidak konsisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh saudara kandung kepemilikan dan paparan media digital berbasis layar pada ToM anak-anak, yang melibatkan totaldari 89 anak prasekolah di Jakarta. Pengukuran ToM dilakukan menggunakan versi yang diadaptasi Skala ToM oleh Wellman dan Liu (2004) yang terdiri dari lima komponen, yaitu keinginan beragam, keyakinan beragam, akses pengetahuan, keyakinan salah, dan emosi tersembunyi. Sementara itu, informasi mengenai kepemilikan saudara kandung (diukur dengan jumlah saudara kandung dan jumlah saudara kandung usia anak-anak) dan paparan media digital berbasis layar(yang diukur dengan waktu layar harian anak-anak) diperoleh melalui kuesionerdiselesaikan oleh orang tua. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa jumlahwaktu layar kakak dan anak-anak tidak hanya terkait negatif dengan ToM anak-anak, tetapi juga secara negatif mempengaruhi ToM anak-anak, melebihi dan di atas usia dan jenis kelamin anak-anak. Sementara itu, tidak ada hubungan yang ditemukan antara jumlah saudara kandung dan anakToM anak-anak.

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ABSTRACTTheory of mind (ToM), which is defined as the ability to understand the mental state of others, is one of the abilities that develops rapidly among preschoolers. This ability is very important for the social, cognitive, and moral development of children in the future. Previous studies have shown that there are effects of siblings and television exposure on children's ToM, although the results are inconsistent. This study aims to look at the effect of sibling ownership and exposure to screen-based digital media on children's ToM, which involves a totalfrom 89 preschoolers in Jakarta. ToM measurements were carried out using an adapted version of the ToM Scale by Wellman and Liu (2004) consisting of five components, namely diverse desires, diverse beliefs, access to knowledge, false beliefs, and hidden emotions. Meanwhile, information about sibling ownership (measured by the number of siblings and the number of siblings the age of children) and screen-based digital media exposure (as measured by the children's daily screen time) was obtained through a questionnairesolved by parents. The results of the regression analysis show that the amountBrother and kids' screen time is not only negatively associated with children's ToM, but also negatively affects children's ToM, over and above the children's age and gender. Meanwhile, no relationship was found between the number of siblings and childrenChildren's ToM."

"The original edition of this accessible and interdisciplinary textbook was the first to consider the ethical issues of digital media from a global perspective, introducing ethical theories from multiple cultures. This second edition has been thoroughly updated to cover current research and scholarship, and recent developments and technological changes. It also benefits from extensively updated case-studies and pedagogical material, including examples of "watershed" events such as privacy policy developments on Facebook and Google+ in relation to ongoing changes in privacy law in the US, the EU, and Asia. New for the second edition is a section on "citizen journalism" and its implications for traditional journalistic ethics. With a significantly updated section on the "ethical toolkit," this book also introduces students to prevailing ethical theories and illustrates how they are applied to central issues such as privacy, copyright, pornography and violence, and the ethics of cross-cultural communication online. Digital Media Ethics is student- and classroom-friendly: each topic and theory is interwoven throughout the volume with detailed sets of questions, additional resources, and suggestions for further research and writing. Together, these enable readers to foster careful reflection upon, writing about, and discussion of these issues and their possible resolutions."