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Abstrak :
Gangguan keseimbangan mikrobiota pada saluran pencernaan dapat menyebabkan dampak pada kesehatan. Upaya untuk menggunakan mikrobiota sebagai pengobatan dapat dilakukan salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan flora normal saluran pencernaan, sehingga meminimalkan kemungkinan gangguan yang tidak diharapkan. Penelitian sebelumnya telah berhasil mengisolasi beberapa bakteri dari mekonium neonatus, di antaranya Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus subtilis, dan Enterococcus hirae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi koktail ketiga bakteri untuk microbial therapeutic, dengan cara menguji daya saing koktail dengan tiga bakteri patogen saluran pencernaan, yaitu Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, dan Streptococcus mutans. Koktail bakteri dibuat dengan perbandingan Staphylococcus hominis : Bacillus subtilis :Enterococcus hirae 0,5 : 1 : 0,75 berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya. Analisis daya saing dilakukan dengan Deferred Growth Inhibition Assay dan uji metode sumuran, agar kedua uji dapat saling mengkonfirmasi hasil analisis. Hasil uji DGIA dan metode sumuran menunjukkan adanya kemampuan koktail bakteri untuk bersaing dengan bakteri patogen berupa tidak terbentuknya zona penghambatan pertumbuhan satu dengan yang lain. Hasil metode sumuran terutama menunjukkan kemampuan koktail untuk bersaing yang tidak teramati pada bakteri individual berupa lingkaran jernih berbentuk cincin di sekitar sumuran.Hal ini menunjukkan potensi pengembangan lebih lanjut sebagai produk microbial therapeutic. ......Changesof the microbiota balance of the digestive system could impact health. One way to use microbial therapy is to use the commensal flora of the digestive system, minimalizing the chance of unwanted interactions. The previous study has isolatedseveral bacteria from neonatal meconium, i.e., Staphylococcus hominis, Bacillus subtilis, andEnterococcus hirae.This study explores the potential of the coktail of the three bacteria to be developed as a microbial therapeutic on the digestive systemby conducting an inhibition assay with three indicator bacteria of the pathogenic digestive system, i.e.,Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, andStreptococcus mutans.The cocktail was made based on a previous study with the composition ofStaphylococcus hominis : Bacillus subtilis :Enterococcus hirae,i.e.,0,5: 1: 0,75, respectively. The inhibition analysis was carried out by performing a Deferred Growth Inhibition Assay (DGIA)and well diffusion method assay so that both assays can confirm the results of each other. The results of DGIA and well method assayshow the ability of the cocktail to inhibit the pathogenic bacteria by the inhibition zone not being formed. The well method assay in particular shows the cocktail having inhibition ability not observed by individual bacteria by the clear ring zone around the wells. Thisshows further development potential of the cocktail as a microbial therapeutic product.

Abstrak :
Kecoak merupakan salah satu vektor mekanik dalam menyebarkan patogen seperti E. coli, dan Salmonella sp., yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada saluran pencernaan. Gangguan saluran pencernaan yang paling sering terjadi adalah diare baik itu disertai atau tanpa disertai mual, muntah, dan sakit perut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kecoak berdasarkan spesies dan kondisi lingkungan dengan keluhan gangguan saluran pencernaan pada masyarakat di permukiman kumuh Kecamatan Kalideres. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 106 masyarakat yang tinggal di permukiman kumuh Kecamatan Kalideres. Penangkapan kecoak dilakukan dengan menggunakan plastik dan sarung tangan steril, dan identifikasi menggunakan morfologi kecoak. Data terkait kondisi lingkungan dan keluhan gangguan saluran pencernaan diperoleh dari wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara faktor risiko kecoak baik Periplaneta americana dan Blatta orientalis dengan keluhan gangguan saluran pencernaan (p=0,855). Hasil lain terkait kondisi lingkungan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi tempat sampah (OR=2,605; 95%CI: 1,160-5,850) dan kondisi dapur (OR= 3,40; 95%CI: 1,503-7,727) mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan keluhan gangguan saluran pencernaan yang dialami masyarakat di permukiman kumuh Kecamatan Kalideres. Walaupun tidak ditemukannya hubungan yang signifikan, risiko kecoak dalam membawa dan menyebarkan patogen dengan mengontaminasi makanan atau minuman sehingga menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan tetap perlu diperhatikan. ......Cockroaches, as a mechanical vector in spreading pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella sp., can cause gastrointestinal disorder. The most common gastrointestinal disorder is diarrhea with or without nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. This study aims to determine the relationship of cockroaches based on species and environmental conditions with gastrointestinal disorders in communities at the slum areas of Kalideres Sub-district. The study design using cross-sectional. The sample in this study were 106 people living in the slum areas of Kalideres Sub-district. Cockroach capture was carried out using sterile plastic and gloves, and identification using cockroach morphology. Data related to environmental conditions and complaints of gastrointestinal disorders were obtained from interviews and observations. This study showed no relationship between the risk factors of cockroaches, both Periplaneta americana and Blatta orientalis, with gastrointestinal disorder complaints (p = 0.855). Other results related to environmental conditions showed that the trash condition (OR = 2.605; 95% CI: 1,160-5,850) and kitchen conditions (OR = 3.40; 95% CI: 1,503-7,727) had a significant relationship with gastrointestinal disorder complaints experienced by people in the slum settlements of Kalideres Sub-district. Although no significant relationship was found, the risk of cockroaches carrying and spreading pathogens by contaminating food and water causing health problems remains a concern.

Abstrak :
According to the National Institutes of Health, more than 90 million Americans suffer from digestive disorders. Drawing on the expertise of 25 practitioners, Optimal Digestive Health explores the symptoms, possible causes, medical testing, and effective treatments for 30 digestive disorders, from candida and colitis to ulcers. In addition, the authors explain the role digestion plays in many other health conditions, such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, headaches, mood swings, immune function, and skin problems. They provide clear information on detoxification, food allergies, and environmental factors, as well as meditation, qigong, and yoga. A step-by-step diet is offered to help readers moderate their carbohydrate intake and balance their blood sugar--keys to health and weight loss. Optimal Digestive Health demystifies the use of herbal therapies, acupuncture, biofeedback, and Ayurveda in the treatment of digestive disorders, pairing the best of mainstream medicine and complementary therapies with intelligent self-care for an integrated patient-centered approach to healing.