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"Keterlambatan perkembangan adalah masalah umum pada anak-anak. Identifikasi faktor-faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi status perkembangan mempunyai peran penting untuk memberikan intervensi strategis untuk anak-anak yang mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor-faktor eksternal yaitu status pendidikan orang tua, status pekerjaan orang tua, pengasuh dan status perkembangan pada anak 4-6 tahun di PAUD, Cikini. Studi cross sectional dengan cara mengumpulkan kuesioner Parent’s Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) kepada 108 orang tua dari anak-anak di PAUD digunakan sebagai data dasar penelitian serta data dari Medical Research Unit digunakan sebagai data pendukung untuk faktor eksternal. Hasil menunjukkan sebagian besar orang tua subjek secara berurutan memiliki pendidikan menengah, diikuti oleh pendidikan dasar dan pendidikan tinggi. Sebagian besar ibu tidak bekerja (75,9%), sementara sebagian besar ayah subjek bekerja (96,3%). Sebagian besar ibu bertindak sebagai pengasuh anak (71,3%). Uji Chi-square menemukan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara status perkembangan dan masing-masing status pendidikan ibu (0,248), status pendidikan ayah (0.194), status pekerjaan ibu (0,795) dan pengasuhan (0.713). Uji Fisher Exact juga mengungkapkan hasil tidak signifikan dalam hubungan antara status perkembangan dan status pekerjaan ayah (0,260). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna secara statistika antara status perkembangan dan dan beberapa faktor eksternal dari anak.

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Developmental delay is a common problem in children. Identification of external factors affecting child’s developmental status has an important role to provide intervention for children who suffer from developmental delay. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between external factors (parent’s educational status, parent’s occupational status, caregivers) and developmental in children 4-6 years OLD, Cikini. Cross sectional studies by means of collecting questionnaire Parent's Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) to 108 parents of children in PAUD used as the primary data as well as data from Medical Research Unit used as supporting data to external factors. The results revealed most of the parents had intermediate education, followed by basic education and higher education consecutively. Most of the mothers are not working (75.9%), while most of the subject's father's work (96,3%). Most of the mothers act as caregiver (71.3%). The Chi-square test found that there was no statistically meaningful relationship between developmental status and respectively mother’s educational status (0,248), father’s educational status (0.194), mother's occupational status (0,795) and caregiver (0.713). The Fisher's Exact test also revealed insignificant result in the relationship between the status of the development and father’s occupational status (0,260). The conclusion from this study is that there is no statistically meaningful relationship between the developmental status and some external factors in children."

""The second edition of the Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention is a core text for students and experienced professionals who are interested in the health, development, and well-being of young children and their families. It is intended to serve as a reference for service providers, policy makers, researchers, graduate students, and advanced trainees in such diverse fields as child care, early childhood education, child health, and early intervention programs for children with developmental disabilities as well as for those who live in high-risk environments (e.g., poverty and parental mental illness) that jeopardize their development. This book will be of interest to professionals in a broad range of disciplines including psychology, child development, early childhood education, social work, pediatrics, nursing, child psychiatry, physical and occupational therapy, speech and language pathology, and social policy. Its main purpose is to provide a scholarly overview of the knowledge base and practice of early childhood intervention. With fifteen entirely new chapters and thirteen extensively revised chapters, it is unique in its balance between breadth and depth and its integration of the multiple dimensions of the field.""

"Summary:This book surveys the evolution of problems and needs of young people with nonverbal learning disabilities and offers treatment advice. Includes a new four-subtype model of NVLD and a brief guide to assessment, transmitting results and treatment planning."

"Gangguan perkembangan dan koordinasi (GPK) adalah suatu kondisi di mana anak memiliki kelemahan dalam mengatur gerakan motorik sehingga anak tampak perilaku ceroboh. Penelitian sebelumnya telah membuktikan bahwa bahwa jenis kelamin dan berat badan lahir anak merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya GPK pada anak bahwa. Di Indonesia, masih sedikit penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak GPK terhadap prestasi akademik dan angka absensi siswa, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari faktor risiko, epidemiologi, dan dampak GPK terhadap prestasi akademik dan jumlah absensi siswa. Subyek yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa sekolah-sekolah dasar di salah satu sekolah negeri di Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi desain potong Garis Lintang. Kuesioner Bahasa Indonesia DCDQ'07 dibagikan dan orang tua diminta untuk melengkapi. Subjek kemudian dipisahkan menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu subjek yang diduga mengalami GPK dan subjek tidak diduga GPK. Dari 221 subjek yang termasuk dalam penelitian ini (127 laki-laki) dan 94 perempuan), 22 subjek diduga mengalami GPK. Usia (median = 10,64) dan berat badan kelahiran (median = 3000 gram) merupakan variabel yang signifikan terhadap kejadian GPK. Tipe jenis kelamin, latar belakang pendidikan orang tua dan tingkat pendidikan anak di sekolah tidak signifikan. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara GPK dengan prestasi akademik dan kehadiran siswa. Namun, anak-anak dengan GPK ditemukan memiliki skor dan ketidakhadiran yang lebih rendah lebih tinggi dari anak yang tidak terduga dengan GPK. Kesimpulan: Faktor yang signifikan untuk GPK menurut penelitian ini adalah usia dan berat badan lahir. Prevalensi GPK dalam penelitian ini adalah 10%. Tidak ada signifikansi yang ditemukan antara GPK dengan prestasi akademik dan absensi siswa.

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a condition where children have poor ability in motor planning hence, clumsy behavior. Studies done previously have proven that several risk factors such as gender and birth weight play role towards the occurrence of DCD. As studies about the impact of DCD towards average academic score and absenteeism is very limited in Indonesia, this study aims to explore the risk factors, epidemiology, and impact of DCD towards average academic score and absenteeism. Subjects include primary school students in a public school in Jakarta. This study uses cross-sectional design. Questionnaires (DCDQ’07, Indonesian version) were distributed and parents were asked to fill in the questions completely. Subjects will then be grouped into subjects suspected with DCD and subjects not suspected with DCD. From 221 subjects (127 males and 94 females), 22 subjects are suspected with DCD. Age (median = 10,64) and birth weight (median = 3000 grams) were significant towards the occurrence of DCD. Gender, parental education, and grades were not found to be significant. DCD are not found to be significantly correlated with academic achievement and total absence. However, children with DCD has slightly lower academic achievement and higher absence.

Conclusions: Factors significantly associated to DCD were age and birth weight. The prevalence of DCD in this study is 10% which is similar to other studies. Average academic achievement and absenteeism were not found to be significantly associated with DCD."

"Preceded by: Occupational therapy for children / [edited by] Jane Case-Smith, Jane Clifford O'Brien. 6th ed. c2010."