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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kesintasan IDU yang melaknkan konseling dan detoksifikasi terhadap kepatuhan berobat metadon di puskesmas kecamatan Jatinegara. Dengan demikian dapat diketahui seberapa besar pengaruh konseling dan detoksifikasi terbadap kepatuhan berobat metadon. Studi kohort retrospektif dilakuken dengan menggunakan data yang terdapat dalarn catatan medis, register pasien dan catatan harian minum metadon. Digunakan pendekatan analisis Cox Regression untuk melihat kesintasan IDU yang melakuken konseling dan detoksifikasi terhadap kepatuhan berobat metadon. HR (hazard ratio) digunakan sebagai estimasi RR (risiko relative) [ untuk pengaruh konseling dan detoksifikasi terhadap kepatuhan berobat metadon, Analisis multivariat digunakan untuk mengendalikan variabel-variabel perancu.Sebanyak 259 data IDU di puskesmas Kecamatan Jatinegara dianalisis dalam penelitian ini, Probabilitas kesintasan secara keseluruhan pada IDU yang berobat metadon di puskesmas Kecarmatan Jatinegara berkisar antara 64,86 %, sampai dengan 0,04%. Sedangkan Median kesintasan IDU adalah 219 hari. Artinya setengah dari IDU bertahan dalam program selama 219 hari. Terdapat !DU yang melaknkan konseling 10 x sebanyak 68 orang dan IDU yang melaknkan konseling >I 0 x sebanyak 191 orang. Sedangkan IDU yang melakuken Detoksifikasi <2 x sebanyak 149 orang dan IDU yang melakuksn detoksifikasi 2:: 2x sebanyak 110 orang, Universitas Indonesia Dari analisis multivariate-cox Regresi, didapatkan nilai HR untuk IDU yang melakukan konseling sehesar 1. 3(95% nilai p=\),00 I. Sedangkan untuk IDU yang melakukan detoksifikasi didapat nilai HR sebesar 1,80 (95% CI: 1,29-2,52) dengan !>"' 0,001 setelah dikendaliksn dengan variabel umur,pendidikan den riwayat rehabilitasi. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh konseling terhadap kepatuhan berobat setelah dikontrol dengan variabel riwayat rehabilitasi, ditemukan hahwa IDU yang tidak melakukan konseling beresiko 7,93 kali untuk tidak patuh daripada IDU yang melakukan konseling. Sedangkan pengaruh detoksifikasi terhadap kepatuhan berobat setelah dilakukan interaksi dan dikontrol dengan variable umur, pendidikan dan riwayat rehabilitasi, ditemukan bahwa IDU yang tidak melakukan detoksifikasi baresiko 1,80 kali lebih tinggi untuk tidak patuh daripada IDU yang melakukan detoksifikasi.

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This study was aimed to observe IDU survival rates that had counseling and detoxification to methadone treatment obedience in health center at Jatinegara sub-district As for that. influences of counseling and detoxification to methadone treatment obedience with be known. Retrospective cohort study was done by using data obtained from medical record, patient's registry and methadone consumption dally notes. Cox Regression approaches was used to assess IDU that had counseling survival and detoxification to methadone treatment obedience. HR (Hazard ratio) was used as estimation value of RR (Relative risk) for counseling influences and detoxification to methadone treatment obedience.

Multivariate analysis was used to minimize confounding variables. In this study there were 259 IDU's data analyzed in health center a:t Jatinegara sub--district. Survival probability of whole IDU that had methadone treatment in health center at Jatinegara sub-district was ranged at 64.86%0.04%. In the other hand survival IDU median is 219 days. It means that half of iDUs were survived in this program for 219 days. There were 68 IDUs that had eounseling S 10 times and 191 IDUs had counseling> 10 time(s), Moreover, there were 149 IDUs who had detoxification <2 time(s) and 110 1DUs had detoxification::?; 2 times. from multivariate analysis - interaction Cox proportional Hazard. HR score obtain for 1DU who had counseling and was 8.5 I (95% Confidence inteJVal - CI: 5.98 - 12.13) with p value= 0.001. Whereas IDUs that had detoxification, HR scores obtained was L80 (95% Cl:1.29 - 2.52) with p value 0.00! after controlled by acces, education and rehabilitation variables.

Universitas Indonesia The study's result suggested that counseling influences of treatment obedience after controlled by rehabilitation histories variables, it could concluded that risks of not being obedience of IDUs who had not counseling were 7,93 times fold compared to IDUs had counseling. Whereas that detoxification influences of treatment obedience after interaction was done and controlled by age, education and rehabilitation histories variables, whereas risks of not being obedience of lDUs who had not detoxification were 1,8 tunes fold compared to IDUs had detoxification."

"Latar belakang: Di Indonesia pedikulosis yang disebabkan oleh Pediculus humanus capitis (kutu kepala) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat, namun tidak ada program penanganan khusus untuk memberantas pedikulosis tersebut Selama ini pengobatan pedikulosis menggunakan permetrin 1%, namun di berbagai negara dilaporkan bahwa P.h. capitis sudah mengembangkan resistensi terhadap permetrin. Pada penelitian ini akan dibandingkan efektivitas permetrin dengan efektivitas malation berdasarkan kemampuannya menghambat kerja enzim detoksifikasi pada P.h. capitis. Metode: : Stadium dewasa P. h. capitis dipaparkan dengan kertas filter yang ditetesi larutan permetrin (0,25%; 0,5%; dan 1%) dan malation (0,5%; 1% dan; 1,5%). Bioassay in vitro dilakukan selama 10, 20, 30, 45 dan 60 menit pada suhu ruang. Aktivitas asetilkolinesterase (AChE), glutation-S-transferase (GST), dan oksidase dianalisis menggunakan metode CDC (Centers for Disease Control). Hasil: Selama 60 menit, 100% (90/90) P. h. capitis mati dengan permetrin pada konsentrasi 0,25%; 0,5%; 1%. Sedangkan pada malation tidak mati sama sekali (0,0%). Dalam 60 menit P. h. capitis memiliki LT50 dan LT90 terendah pada permetrin dengan konsentrasi 1%. juga bahwa permetrin dengan aktifitas AChE, GST, dan oksidase menurun pada kelompok permetrin, sedangkan pada kelompok malation aktifitas AChE, GST, dan oksidase meningkat. Kesimpulan: Permetrin memiliki efikasi terhadap P. h. capitis yang lebih baik dibandingkan malation dan permetrin masih dapat digunakan sebagai pediculosida.

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Background: In Indonesia, pediculosis caused by Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse) is still a public health problem, but there is no special treatment program to eradicate this pediculosis. So far, pediculosis is treated using 1% permethrin, but in various countries it has been reported that P.h. capitis has developed resistance to permethrin. In this study, we will compare the effectiveness of permethrin with the effectiveness of malathion based on its ability to inhibit the action of detoxification enzymes on P.h. capitis. Methods: Adult stage P. h. capitis exposed with filter paper dripped with a solution of permetrin (0,25%; 0,5%; and 1%) and malation (0,5%; 1%; and 1,5%). In vitro bioassays were carried out for 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes at room temperature. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and oxidase were analyzed using the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) method. Results: For 60 minutes, 100% (90/90) P. h. capitis died with permethrin at a concentration of 0,25%; 0,5%; 1%. While the malation does not die at all (0.0%). In 60 minutes P. h. capitis had the lowest LT50 and LT90 in permethrin with a concentration of 1%. also that permethrin with AChE, GST, and oxidase activity decreased in the permethrin group, whereas in the malathion group the activity of AChE, GST, and oxidase increased. Conclusion: Permetrin has efficacy against P. h. capitis which is better than malation and permetrin can still be used as a pediculoside."

"Latar belakang: Filariasis bancrofti merupakan vector-borne disease yang terutama ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus dan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Penggunaan insektisida yang sering dan dalam jangka waktu yang lama menyebabkan resistensi pada Cx. quinquefasciatus dan mekanisme resistensi tersebut dapat dievaluasi melalui aktivitas enzim detoksifikasi. Namun, belum ada penelitian tentang aktivitas enzim detoksifikasi pada nyamuk Cx.quinquefasciatus yang dipaparkan oleh λ-sihalotrin di Jakarta. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas larvasida λ-sihalotrin terhadap larva Cx. quinquefasciatus dan mendeskripsikan mekanisme larvasida melalui aktivitas enzim detoksifikasi. Metode: Uji bioassay dilakukan dengan memaparkan larva Cx. quinquefasciatus terhadap lima konsentrasi λ-sihalotrin (0,002; 0,015; 0,05; 0,2; 0,7 ppm). Angka mortalitas diukur setelah paparan selama 24 jam. Aktivitas enzim detoksifikasi meliputi asetilkolinesterase (AChE), glutation s-transferase (GST), dan cytochrome c-oxidase (COX) dianalisis menggunakan metode Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hasil: Setelah paparan λ-sihalotrin selama 24 jam, angka mortalitas larva Cx. quinquefasciatus mulai dari 28,8% - 100%. Angka mortalitas 100% (125/125) ditemukan pada λ-sihalotrin dengan konsentrasi 0,7 ppm. Nilai LC50 sebesar 0,054 ppm (95% CI 0,038 – 0,068) dan LC90 sebesar 0,148 ppm (95% CI 0,117 – 0,208). Λ-sihalotrin menyebabkan peningkatan enzim AChE yang tidak signifikan, peningkatan enzim GST yang signifikan, dan penurunan enzim COX yang tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Λ-sihalotrin dengan konsentrasi 0,7 ppm memiliki aktivitas larvasida yang tinggi dengan mekanisme memengaruhi enzim detoksifikasi.

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Introduction: Bancrofti filariasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito and is still a major health problem in Indonesia. Heavy and long-term use of insecticides causes the development of insecticide resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus and the resistance mechanisms can be evaluated through detoxification enzymes. However, there has been no research on detoxifying enzymes activity in Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes exposed to λ-cyhalothrin in Jakarta.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of λ-cyhalothrin against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae and describe the larvicidal mechanism through detoxification enzymes activity.

Method: Bioassay tests were performed by exposing Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae to five concentrations of λ-cyhalothrin (0.002; 0.015; 0.05; 0.2; 0.7 ppm). The mortality rate was measured after exposure for 24 hours. The detoxification enzymes activity, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione s-transferase (GST), and cytochrome c-oxidase (COX), were analyzed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) method.

Result: After exposure to λ-cyhalothrin for 24 hours, the mortality rate of Cx. quinquefasciatus ranges from 28.8% - 100%. A mortality rate of 100% (125/125) was found in λ-cyhalothrin with 0,7 ppm concentration. The LC50 value was 0.054 ppm (95% CI 0.038 – 0.068) and the LC90 was 0.148 ppm (95% CI 0.117 – 0.208). Λ-cyhalothrin caused a non-significant increase in the AChE enzyme, a significant increase in the GST enzyme, and a non-significant decrease in the COX enzyme.

Conclusion: Λ-cyhalothrin with a concentration of 0.7 ppm has high larvicidal activity by influencing detoxification enzymes."

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