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Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Karies pada gigi sulung antara usia 0-72 bulan dikenal sebagai Early Childhood Caries (ECC) dan merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan prevalensi tinggi yang disebabkan oleh biofilm. Pada dekade terakhir, jamur Candida albicans banyak ditemukan bersama-sama dengan Streptococcus mutans dalam biofilm yang diambil dari plak gigi anak dengan ECC. Jamur C. albicans dapat meningkatkan derajat keparahan ECC. Pemahaman mengenai hubungan C. albicans dan S. mutans, memberikan perspektif baru untuk terapi yang efektif dalam mengkontrol ECC. Salah satu usaha untuk mencegah dan mengurangi tingkat ECC pada anak adalah dengan menggunakan bahan antimikroba. Bawang putih (Allium sativum) merupakan bahan herbal yang memiliki kemampuan antibakteri dan antijamur. Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak bawang putih terhadap viabilitas biofilm Candida albicans anak ECC. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian dilakukan secara in vitro dengan isolat klinis dari plak gigi anak ECC. Ekstrak bawang putih dalam konsentrasi 10%, 25%, 50%, dan 100% dengan kontrol positif berupa CHX 0,2%. Uji viabilitas biofilm dilakukan dengan MTT assay. Hasil: Data statistik dianalisis dengan uji One Way ANOVA. Terdapat  perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik dari viabilitas biofilm ekstrak bawang putih dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bawang putih efektif terhadap viabilitas biofilm Candida albicans. ......Background: Dental caries on primary teeth in a child 72 of months age or younger is defined as Early Childhood Caries (ECC). ECC has a high prevalences and caused by biofilms. In the past decade, Candida albicans has been frequently detected together with S. mutans in oral biofilms collected from children with ECC. Candida albicans might enhance degree of ECC. Understanding of C. albicans and S. mutans relationship give a new perspective for effective therapy to control ECC. Antimicrobial agent can be used to prevent or as a therapy for ECC. Garlic (Allium sativum) is one of the traditional medicine that has antibacterial and antifungal effect. Purpose: To analyzed the effectivity of garlic extract against the viability of C.albicans biofilms in children with ECC. Method: Laboratorium research (in vitro), with plaque sample from children with ECC. Garlic extract in 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%, and CHX 0,2% as positive control. MTT assay were used to assess biofilms viability. Statistical data were analyzed with the One Way ANOVA test. Result: There was a statistically significant difference in the viability of C.albicans biofilms after garlic extract application. Conclusion: This study showed that garlic extract has a positive effect on the viability of C.albicans.

Abstrak :
Karies dapat mengenai gigi sulung dan gigi tetap. Gigi sulung lebih rentan terhadap terjadinya karies karena struktur dan morfologinya yang berbeda dari gigi tetap. Bakteri Mutans Streptococci yang paling banyak berada dalam rongga mulut manusia adalah S. mutans dan S. sobrinus. S.mutans merupakan spesies bakteri utama yang mengawali karies gigi manusiadan patogen yang paling umum terdapat pada plak gigi. Ibu sebagai pengasuh utama sering dianggap menjadi sumber infeksi terbesar bagi anak yang memiliki S.mutans dan atau S.sobrinus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubunganS.mutans serotipe c dan S.sobrinus serotipe d antara ibu-anak serta mengetahui hubungan status karies diantaranya. Sampel penelitian diambil dari plak gigi 48 pasangan ibu dan anaknya yang menderita karies dan diperiksa menggunakan PCR (Polimerase Chain Reaction).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah S.sobrinus serotipe d mendominasi keseluruhan subyek penelitian. Terdapat hubungan yang tidak bermakna antara status karies anak-ibu dengan distribusi S.mutans serotipe c danS.sobrinus serotipe d. Uji korelasi skor def-t dengan DMF-T menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna, yang berarti bahwa def-t anak akan meningkat seiring dengan kenaikan DMF-T ibu. Hubungan S.mutans serotipe c antara anak dan ibu ditemukan tidak bermakna dengan hubungan sangat lemah sedangkan hubungan S.sobrinus serotipe d antara anak dan ibu bermakna walau hubungannya lemah. Perilaku dan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi ibu berhubungan dengan pengalaman karies gigi anak melalui transmisi S.mutans dan S.sobrinus secara vertikal. ......Dental caries may occur in the primary and permanent teeth. Primary teeth are more susceptible to caries due to the different structure and morphology compared to permanent teeth . The most bacteria of Mutans Streptococci found in the human oral cavity are S. mutans and S. sobrinus .While S. mutans is also the main species of bacteria that initiate dental caries humans and the most common pathogens found in dental plaque. Mother as the primary caregiver is often considered to be the biggest source of infection for children with S. mutans and or S.sobrinus. This study aims to investigate the relationship of serotypes c S. mutans and serotype d S.sobrinusbetween mother - child relationship and to know the status of caries among others . Samples were taken from dental plaque of 48 pairs mothers and their children who suffer from caries and examined using PCR (Polimerase Chain Reaction) . Results indicate that the number of serotype d S. sobrinus dominates whole subject of research . There is no significant relationship between caries status of the child - mother with the distribution of serotype c S. mutans and serotype d S.sobrinus. Correlation test scores def-t with DMF-T showed a significant relationship, which means that def-t will increase along with the increase of DMF-T. S.mutans serotypec relationship between the child and the mother was found to be significantly associated with a very weak relationship whereas S.sobrinus serotypes d relationship between the child and mother meaningful relationship despite weak . Behavioral and dental health knowledge mother dealing with dental caries experience of children through vertical transmission of S. mutans and S.sobrinus .

Abstrak :
Karies merupakan penyakit rongga mulut yang banyak diderita oleh anak. Di Indonesia, sekitar 90% anak usia pra sekolah mengalami karies gigi. Salah satu pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan penilaian risiko kareis gigi. Penilaian risiko karies dapat menilai faktor-faktor risiko karies yang ada pada setiap individu. Penilaian risiko karies yang telah ada berupa formulir yang diisi oleh dokter gigi melalui wawancara dan pemeriksaan klinis. Selama masa pandemi, terjadi penurunan kunjungan orang tua untuk membawa anaknya ke dokter gigi. Sehingga pembuatan aplikasi penilaiain risiko karies CAMBRA Indonesia berbasis android dilakukan agar orang tua dapat menilai risiko karies gigi anak usia 0-5 tahun. Pemahaman seseorang terhadap suatu informasi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian tentang penilaian risiko karies CAMBRA Indonesia berbasis android “SKOR GIGI” untuk anak usia 0-5 tahun pada orang tua berpendidikan dasar dilakukan. Tujuan : penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hasil penilaian risiko karies gigi CAMBRA Indonesia berbasis android “SKOR GIGI” dengan formulir CAMBRA Indonesia untuk anak usia 0-5 tahun pada orang tua berpendidikan dasar. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini dilakukan di TK, PAUD dan RSGMP FKG UI. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan terhadap 37 orang tua dan anak yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan menandatangani surat persetujuan. Orang tua diminta untuk mengisi aplikasi “SKOR GIGI” kemudian setelah 6 hari, dokter gigi mengisi formulir CAMBRA Indonesia melalui wawancara dengan orang tua dan pemeriksaan klinis terhadap anak. Hasil pemeriksaan risiko karies aplikasi “SKOR GIGI” dengan formulir CAMBRA Indonesia diuji secara statistik. Hasil : Uji validitas menunjukkan angka sensitivitas sebesar 92,9%, spesifisitas sebesar 100%, NDP 100% dan NDN 81%. Dari uji komparasi didapatkan hasil tidak terdapat berbeda bermakna antara hasil aplikasi “SKOR GIGI” dengan formulir CAMBRA Indonesia. Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil antara pemeriksaan risiko karies aplikasi “SKOR GIGI” dengan formulir CAMBRA Indonesia untuk anak usia 0-5 tahun dengan orang tua berpendidikan dasar. ......Caries is an oral disease that mostly affects children. In Indonesia, about 90% of pre-school age children experience dental caries. One of the prevention that can be done is by conducting a risk assessment of dental caries. Caries risk assessment can assess the caries risk factors that exist in each individual. The existing caries risk assessment is in the formulir of a formulir filled out by the dentist through interviews and clinical examinations. During the pandemic, there was a decrease in parental visits to take their children to the dentist. So that the creation of an Android-based CAMBRA Indonesia caries risk assessment application is carried out so that parents can assess the risk of dental caries in children aged 0-5 years. A person's understanding of an informuliration is influenced by the level of education. Therefore, a research on the caries risk assessment of CAMBRA Indonesia based on the android “SKOR GIGI” for children aged 0-5 years in parents with basic education was carried out. Objective: This study aims to see the results of the CAMBRA Indonesia dental caries risk assessment based on the android "SKOR GIGI" with CAMBRA Indonesia form for children aged 0-5 years in parents with basic education. Research Methods: This research was conducted in TK, PAUD and RSGMP FKG UI. Sampling was carried out on 37 parents and children who met the inclusion criteria and signed a letter of consent. Parents were asked to fill out the “SKOR GIGI” application then after 6 days, the dentist filled out CAMBRA Indonesia form through interviews with parents and clinical examination of the child. The results of the caries risk assessment using the “SKOR GIGI” application with CAMBRA Indonesia form were statistically tested. Results: The validity test showed a sensitivity of 92.9%, specificity of 100%, NDP 100% and NDN 81%. From the comparative test, the results showed that there was no significant difference between the results of the "SKOR GIGI" application and CAMBRA Indonesia form. Conclusion: There is no difference in the results between the caries risk assessment using the "SKOR GIGI" application and CAMBRA Indonesia form for children aged 0-5 years in parents with basic education.

Abstrak :
Masalah gigi berlubang atau karies masih banyak dikeluhkan oleh anak-anak dan dewasa dan tidak bisa dibiarkan hinggah parah yang akan menimbulkan masalah kesehatan misalnya infeksi, kronis, ketidaknyamanan, dan kecacatan pada gigi dan mulut. Rata-rata pasien ke dokter gigi mengalami kerusakan gigi karies yang sudah parah, tingginya keparahan karies gigi di Indonesia menyebabkan besarnya kebutuhan perawatan yang kompleks mulai dari tindakan pencegahan sampai dengan perawatan saluran akar (endodontik). Perawatan karies pulpa yaitu perawatan saluran akar (endodontik) mempunyai resiko tinggi dalam kecelakaan medis. Pada masa Covid-19 telah mengubah sistem perawatan kesehatan yang ada di seluruh dunia, terutama tindakan kedokteran gigi yaitu endodontik yang sangat rentan tertular Covid-19. Di Indosesia kasus Covid-19 masih sangat tinggi dan berefek langsung pada dokter gigi, disisi lain dokter gigi dituntut harus menjalani sikap profesional dalam melayani pasiennya. Pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profesional dokter gigi umum dalam penatalaksanaan karies pulpa saat pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Makassar dan Kabupaten Gowa, Indonesia. Metodenya subjeknya yaitu dokter gigi dari Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia (PDGI) Cabang Makassar dan PDGI Gowa yang berpraktek pada masa Covid-19. Kuisioner Online diberikan kepada dokter gigi, dan sebanyak 231 responden penelitian ini. Uji statistic untuk melihat gambaran Pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku profesional dokter gigi dalam penatalaksanaan karies pulpa saat pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Makasaar dan Kabupaten Gowa (N=231). Pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 231 responden, ditemukan sebanyak 126 (54.5%) responden menunjukkan Perilaku Baik sedangkan Perilaku Kurang hanya 105 (45.5%) responden, Sikap Baik sebanyak 165 (71.4%) sedangkan Sikap Kurang hanya 66 (28.6%) responden dan Pengetahuan Baik sebanyak 204 (88.3%) sedangkan Pengetahuan Kurang hanya 27 (11.7%) responden. Pengaruh perilaku profesional dokter gigi dalam penatalaksanaan karies pulpa saat pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Makasaar dan Kabupaten Gowa dan sekitar 45.5 % dokter gigi yang perilakunya kurang dalam melakukan perawatan saluran akar gigi dimasa Covid-19. Maka dari itu PDGI sebagai organisasi profesi dokter gigi mengevaluasi anggotanya dan melakukan sosialisasi tentang profesional dalam praktek kedokteran gigi dimasa Covid-19 ......The problem of cavities or caries is still a lot of complaints by children and adults and cannot be allowed to get worse which will cause health problems such as infection, chronic, discomfort, and defects in the teeth and mouth. The average patient to the dentist experiences severe carious tooth decay, the high severity of dental caries in Indonesia causes the need for complex treatment ranging from preventive measures to root canal (endodontic) treatment. Treatment of pulp caries, namely root canal (endodontic) treatment, has a high risk of medical accidents. In times of Covid-19has changed the existing health care system around the world, especially dentistry, namely endodontics which is very vulnerable to contracting Covid-19. In Indonesia, Covid-19 cases are still very high and have a direct effect on dentists, on the other hand dentists are required to undergo a professional attitude in serving their patients. In this study, to find outprofessional general dentist in the management of pulp caries during the Covid-19 pandemic in Makassar City and Gowa Regency, Indonesia.The method is subject to dentists from the Indonesian Dental Association (PDGI) Makassar Branch and PDGI Gowa who practiced during the Covid-19 period. Online questionnaires were given to dentists, and as many as 231 respondents in this study.A statistical test to see a description of the knowledge, attitudes, and professional behavior of dentists in the management of pulp caries during the Covid-19 pandemic in Makassar City and Gowa Regency (N=231). In this study, it was found that out of 231 respondents, it was found that 126 (54.5%) respondents showed good behavior while poor behavior was only 105 (45.5%) respondents, good attitude was 165 (71.4%) while poor attitude was only 66 (28.6%) respondents and Good Knowledge is 204 (88.3%) while Poor Knowledge is only 27 (11.7%) respondents. The influence of professional behavior of dentists in the management of pulp caries during the Covid-19 pandemic in Makassar City and Gowa Regency and about 45.5% of dentists whose behavior was lacking in carrying out root canal treatment during the Covid-19 period. Therefore, PDGI as a dental professional organization evaluates its members and conducts socialization about professionals in dental practice during the Covid-19 period.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Asupan makanan merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab karies gigi dengan prevalensi yang sangat tinggi di Indonesia terutama pada anak usia sekolah. Tingkat konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Indonesia masih cukup rendah, padahal jenis makanan ini dikenal dapat merangsang aliran dan meningkatkan kemampuan makan anak. self-cleansing saliva yang penting dalam pencegahan karies. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan kejadian karies pada gigi geraham pertama permanen pada anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makanan dan pemeriksaan klinis anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. 109 anak di Jakarta Pusat diperiksa karies dengan klasifikasi ICDAS. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan nilai median frekuensi konsumsi sayur per hari pada anak adalah 1,6 (0-8,14) dan 1,4 (0-5). Sebanyak 98,2% anak mengalami karies gigi dan 63,3% anak mengalami karies terbatas pada email. Hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies ditemukan sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Tingkat frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Jakarta Pusat masih rendah, dan prevalensi karies cukup tinggi. Hubungan yang lemah dan tidak signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies menunjukkan bahwa ada faktor lain penyebab karies yang harus dikendalikan. ......Background: Food intake is one of the factors causing dental caries with a very high prevalence in Indonesia, especially in school-age children. The level of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Indonesia is still quite low, even though this type of food is known to stimulate flow and improve children's eating abilities. self-cleansing saliva which is important in caries prevention. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit with the incidence of caries in the permanent first molars in children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using a food frequency questionnaire and clinical examination of children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. 109 children in Central Jakarta were examined for caries with the ICDAS classification. Results: This study found the median frequency of vegetable consumption per day in children was 1.6 (0-8.14) and 1.4 (0-5). A total of 98.2% of children had dental caries and 63.3% of children had caries limited to enamel. The relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries was found to be very weak and insignificant. Conclusion: The frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Central Jakarta is still low, and the prevalence of caries is quite high. The weak and insignificant relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries indicates that there are other factors that cause caries that must be controlled.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut memegang peran penting dalam kesehatan tubuh secara umum. Beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan bahwa terjadinya karies gigi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang terkait pengalaman karies gigi pada anak usia 12 tahun. Metode: Penenelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan disain potong lintang, responden penelitian berjumlah 146 anak usia 12 tahun di SDN 01 Cilangkap. Pengalaman karies gigi diukur dengan menggunakan indeks DMFT, dan kuesioner yang digunakan untuk mengukur variabel terkait pengalaman karies gigi. Hasil: Prevalensi karies gigi responden dari penelitian ini adalah 71%. Nilai rata-rata DMFT keseluruhan responden 2,27 ± 2,53, rerata frekuensi makan/minum manis adalah 2,34 ± 1,02, tidak menyikat gigi di pagi hari sejumlah 96%, tidak menyikat gigi pada malam hari sebelum tidur 69%, pernah mengunjungi dokter gigi dalam kurun waktu 1 tahun terakhir sejumlah 71%. Kesimpulan: Prevalensi pengalaman karies pada anak usia 12 tahun di SDN 01 Cilangkap masih tinggi. Faktor-faktor yang berasosiasi dengan pengalaman karies adalah kunjungan ke dokter gigi dalam kurun waktu 1 tahun terakhir. ......Background: Oral health plays an important role in general health. Many studies have reported that the occurrence of dental caries is influenced by various factors. Some researches reported that caries associated with some factors. Objective : To analyze the factors associated with dental caries experience among 12-years-old schoolchildren in Cilangkap, Jakarta Timur. Methods: This study used secondary data from a cross-sectional survey of 146 children aged 12 years at SDN 01 Cilangkap. Caries experience was measured using the DMFT index, and a questionnaire was used to measure the related variables. Results: Dental caries prevalence was 71%. Mean DMFT index was 2.27 ± 2.53, mean snacking frequency was 2.34 ± 1.02. Those who did not brush their teeth at night before going to sleep was 69%. Seventy one percent of respondents had a dental visit within a year. Conclusion: Prevalence of caries experience among schoolchildren in Cilangkap was high. Dental visit was the only factor that has association with dental caries.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Pada tahun 2018 ditemukan angka prevalensi karies anak di Indonesia mencapai 90,2%. Sebelumnya saliva diketahui dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker karies dengan menguji kuantitatif bakteri, identitas konsentrasi protein, karakteristik psikokimia serta karakteristik biokimia. Tujuan: Menganalisis konsentrasi malondialdehyde pada saliva anak ECC (early childhood caries) dan bebas karies serta kaitannya dengan skor dmf-t, OHI-S, viskositas saliva dan laju alir saliva. Metode: Mengukur konsentrasi malondialdehyde pada 33 sampel saliva anak tersimpan (22 sampel saliva anak ECC dan 11 sampel saliva anak bebas karies) dengan ELISA. Hasil: Analisis Mann Whitney antara konsentrasi malondialdehyde pada saliva ECC dan anak bebas karies didapatkan nilai p=0 serta didapatkan nilai p=0 dan r= -0,641 saat dilakukan analisis Spearman. Analisis Kruskal Wallis pada konsentrasi malondialdehyde anak dengan skor dmf-t berbeda didapatkan nilai p=0,014 serta didapat nilai p=0,004 dan r=0,488 saat dilakukan analisis Spearman. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna serta korelasi antara konsentrasi malondialdehyde terhadap skor OHI-S, viskositas dan laju alir saliva berbeda. Kesimpulan: Konsentrasi malondialdehyde pada saliva anak ECC berbeda dengan konsentrasi malondialdehyde anak bebas karies, semakin tinggi konsentrasi malondialdehyde maka semakin parah karies yang dialami anak. Anak dengan skor dmf- t yang berbeda memiliki konsentrasi malondialdehyde yang berbeda pula. Semakin tinggi skor dmf-t semakin tinggi pula konsentrasi malondialdehyde. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara konsentrasi malondialdehyde pada anak bebas karies dan ECC terhadap skor OHI- S, viskositas saliva dan laju alir saliva. ......Background: In 2018, prevalence rate of children’s caries in Indonesia reached 90,2%. Previously, saliva was known as a caries biomarker by testing quantitative bacteria, protein concentration identity, psychochemical and biochemical characteristics. Objective: Analyze malondialdehyde concentration in children’s saliva with ECC (early childhood caries) and caries-free and its relation to dmf-t score, OHI-S, salivary viscosity and salivary flow rate. Methods: Measuring malondialdehyde concentration from 33 stored children’s saliva samples (22 samples ECC and 11 samples caries-free) using ELISA. Results: Mann Whitney analysis between malondialdehyde concentration from ECC children’s saliva and caries free children obtained p=0 and then p=0, r= -0,641 for Spearman analysis. Kruskal Wallis analysis of malondialdehyde concentrations in children with different dmf-t scores obtained p=0,014 and p=0,004, r=0,488 for Spearman analysis. There was no significant difference and there was no significant correlation between malondialdehyde concentration and OHI-S score, viscosity and different salivary flow rates. Conclusion: Malondialdehyde concentration in ECC children’s saliva was different from malondialdehyde concentration in caries free children, higher malondialdehyde concentration show worse caries experienced in children. Children with different dmf-t scores had different malondialdehyde concentrations. Higher dmf-t score show higher malondialdehyde concentration. There was no relation between malondialdehyde concentration in caries-free children and ECC to OHI-S score, salivary viscosity and salivary flow rate.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang banyak terjadi di dunia. Saliva memiliki berbagai peran di dalam rongga mulut yang berhubungan dengan karies. Total Antioxidant Capacity berperan dalam melindungi tubuh dari berbagai kondisi patologis. Tujuan: Menganalisis konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity pada saliva bebas karies dan early childhood caries dihubungkan dengan OHI-S, dmf-t, serta viskositas dan laju alir saliva. Metode: Sampel saliva tersimpan sebanyak 33 sampel yang diperoleh dari anak usia di bawah 71 bulan dengan kondisi bebas karies dan early childhood caries diuji dengan menggunakan total antioxidant capacity assay kit. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity dalam saliva anak bebas karies dan early childhood caries, terdapat korelasi linier positif sedang antara konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity dalam saliva anak dengan skor dmf-t, tidak terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity dalam saliva anak dengan kategori OHI-S baik dan sedang, laju alir saliva tinggi dan sedang, serta viskositas saliva encer dan kental. Kesimpulan: Konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity pada saliva early childhood caries lebih tinggi dibandingkan bebas karies. ......Background: Dental caries is a common disease worldwide. Saliva has a big role in oral cavity associated with dental caries. Total Antioxidant Capacity has a role to protect the body from any pathological condition. Objective: Analysing Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration of Early Childhood Caries and Caries Free saliva and its relation to OHI-S, dmf-t, and salivary flow rate and viscosity. Method: 33 stored saliva samples of children under 71 month old with early childhood caries and caries free tested using total antioxidant capacity assay kit. Result: There is a significant difference between Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration in saliva of caries free and early childhood caries children, there is a moderate linear positive correlation between Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration and dmf-t. There is no difference between Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration in saliva of children with good and moderate OHI-S, high and moderate salivary flow rate, and watery and thick saliva. Conclusion: Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration in saliva of early childhood caries children is higher than caries free.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Perawatan pulpa vital adalah perawatan konservatif yang bertujuan menjaga pulpa tetap sehat pada gigi yang mengalami trauma, karies, prosedur restorasi dan kelainan anatomi. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) merupakan bahan bioaktif yang sering digunakan perawatan pulpa vital. Pengembangan MTA dilakukan untuk meningkatkan karakter fisik dan biokompatibilitasnya. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi material MTA dan MTA modifikasi carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) terhadap viabilitas sel fibroblas. Metode: Sel fibroblas yang telah mengalami serum starvation selama 24 jam, diaplikasikan media kultur berupa material bioaktif yang berbeda yaitu MTA, MTA modifikasi CMC 5% dan 10 % serta DMEM sebagai kontrol. Pengaruh viabilitas sel fibroblas 24 dan 72 jam dinilai dan dihitung menggunakan MTT Assay. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik One-Way ANOVA, dilanjutkan Post Hoc Bonferonni. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna viablitas sel fibroblas pada kelompok MTA, MTA-CMC 5% dan 10% pada periode waktu pengamatan 24 dan 72 jam. Nilai viabilitas terendah terdapat pada kelompok MTA 72 jam sedangkan nilai viabilitas tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok MTA-CMC 5% 24 jam. Kesimpulan: MTA, MTA modifikasi CMC 5% dan 10% memengaruhi viabilitas sel fibroblas pada periode pengamatan 24 dan 72 jam. MTA modifikasi CMC 5% pengamatan 24 jam menghasilkan nilai viabilitas tertinggi dan termasuk kategori material yang tidak toksik. ......Background: Vital pulp treatment is a conservative treatment designed to keep the pulp healthy in teeth that have experienced trauma, caries, restoration procedures and anatomical abnormalities. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is one of the bioactive materials that is often used for vital pulp treatment. The development of MTA was carried out to improve its physical characteristics and biocompatibility.Objective: To determine the effect of the application of MTA modified carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and MTA materials on the viability of fibroblast cells.Methods: Fibroblast cells that had undergone 24 hours serum starvation were cultured in the different media in in every group MTA and MTA modified CMC concentrations of 5% and 10% and DMEM as a control. The effect of fibroblast cell viability at 24 hours and 72 hours was assessed based on the percentage of live cells calculated using the MTT Assay. Then the results obtained were analyzed using the SPSS statistical test. The distribution of the data was normal so that the One-Way ANOVA parametric test was carried out, followed by Post Hoc Bonferonni.Results: MTT Assay test, it was found that there was a significant difference in the viability of fibroblast cells in the MTA, MTA-CMC groups of 5% and 10% in the 24 and 72 hours observation periods. The lowest viability value was found in the MTA group with 72 hours of observation, while the highest viability value was found in the 5% MTA-CMC group with 24-hour observation. Conclusion: MTA, MTA modified CMC 5% and 10% affected the viability of fibroblast cells in the 24-hour and 72-hour observation periods. MTA modified CMC 5% at 24-hour observation resulted in the highest viability value and included in the category of non-toxic material.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Nama : Antinah LatifProgram Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatJudul tesis : ldquo;Aplikasi Irene Donut: Penerapan, Penerimaan, dan PerubahanPerilaku Orang tua dalam Mencegah Karies Gigi Murid TK diKota Serang, Banten, Tahun 2018 rdquo;Pembimbing : Dr. drs. Tri Krianto, M.KesIrene Donut merupakan salah satu program interaktif berbentuk komputer atau versimanual yang efektif untuk melakukan penilaian risiko karies gigi sehingga mampumengubah perilaku orang tua. Namun untuk versi berbasis android sampai saat inibelum dilaporkan. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi ldquo;IreneDonut rdquo; terhadap perilaku orang tua dalam mencegah karies gigi murid TK dan untukmelihat tingkat penerimaan aplikasi. Desain studi menggunakan pre-eksperimentaldengan pengukuran berulang. Intervensi dilakukan di Kota Serang, Banten-Indonesiadengan melibatkan 62 orang tua dari 4 sekolah TK. Intervensi dengan mengaplikasikan ldquo;Irene Donut rdquo; versi android. Perilaku orang tua diukur menggunakan kuesioner untukmelihat perubahan perilaku sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Data dianalisismenggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian terdapat pengaruh aplikasi terhadappengetahuan p=0,0005 , sikap p=0,001 , and practice p=0,0005 . Besar peningkatanterhadap perilaku mencegah karies gigi adalah 35-40,74 , 5.6 , and 13-21 . Terjadipeningkatan terhadap tingkat penerimaan aplikasi oleh orang tua sebesar 4,9 . Tingkatpenerimaan yang mengalami peningkatan adalah faktor kemanfaatan; kesesuaian; keterujian;keteramatan; daya tarik; akseptabilitas; keterlibatan diri; dan niat berperilaku. Kesimpulannyaadalah intervensi menggunakan aplikasi ldquo;Irene Donut rdquo; versi android mampu meningkatkanperilaku orang tua dalam mencegah karies gigi murid TK di Kota Serang dan secara umumaplikasi ini diterima oleh pengguna.Kata kunci: Irene donut, berbasis android, penilaian risiko karies, penerimaan, perilakuorang tua

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ABSTRACT
Name Antinah LatifStudyProgram Public Health ScienceTitle ldquo Irene Donut app Usage, Acceptance, and Parent rsquo sBehavioral Change to Prevent Caries in Preschool Children,Serang City, Banten, 2018 rdquo Counsellor Dr. drs. Tri Krianto, M.KesIrene rsquo s donut is an interactive program in the form of computer or manual version as aneffective tool for assessing caries risk and changing parent rsquo s behavior. It has beendemonstrated in many studies. But its android version has not been reported. Theobjectives of this study to analyze the effect ldquo Irene Donut rdquo android version on mother rsquo sknowledge, attitude and practice to prevent caries and to describe the acceptance ofapplication by user. The design of this study was pre experimental with repeatedmeasure. A pre post intervention study was conducted in Serang City, Banten Indonesia andinvolved 62 parents from 4 preschools. The intervention was conducted by applying ldquo Irenedonut rdquo . A self administered measurement was applied to assess oral health behavior before andafter the program with conducted for 3 weeks. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxontest. Results of this research show that there was an effect of ldquo Irene donut rdquo androidversion on mother rsquo s knowledge p 0,0005 , attitude p 0,001 , and practice p 0,0005 .The good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practices on caries prevention increased by 35 40,74 , 5.6 , and 13 21 . Generally, User acceptance of application has been increased in 3weeks 4,9 positive acceptance are usefulness compatibility triability observability attraction acceptability self involvement and behavioral intention. In conclusion, oral healthbehavior on caries prevention could be improved by the oral health education program withsimulator ldquo irene rsquo s donut rdquo android version and this application can be accepted by users.Keywords Irene donut, android version, assessment of carries risk factor, acceptanceapplication and parent rsquo s behavior