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"This book deals with the application of density matrix theory to atomic and molecular physics. The aim is to precisely characterize sates by a vector and to construct general formulas and proofs of general theorems. The basic concepts and quantum mechanical fundamentals (reduced density matrices, entanglement, quantum correlations) are discussed in a comprehensive way. The discussion leads up to applications like coherence and orientation effects in atoms and molecules, decoherence and relaxation processes. This third edition has been updated and extended throughout and contains a completely new chapter exploring nonseparability and entanglement in two-particle spin-1/2 systems. The text discusses recent studies in atomic and molecular reactions. A new chapter explores nonseparability and entanglement in two-particle spin-1/2 systems."

"Studi ini menggunakan kasus prostesis pinggul lateral kanan untuk mengamati efek algoritma modern dari berbagai Sistem Perencanaan Pengobatan (TPS) rumah sakit. Untuk mereplikasi pelvis manusia dengan prostesis, dibuatlah phantom pelvis internal. Parameter dosimetrik yang digunakan adalah dosis yang diterima oleh target dan organ risiko (OARs) rektum dan kandung kemih dengan 7 sudut arah berkas IMRT yaitu 180°, 230°, 280°, 330°, 30°, 80°, dan 130°. Rencana berkas tunggal untuk perturbasi dosis dengan berbagai TPS pada phantom menggunakan berkas foton 6 MV dengan dan tanpa koreksi densitas prostesis (4 g/cm³) dibandingkan dengan pengukuran. Parameter dosimetrik yang dibandingkan termasuk D98%, D90%, D50%, D2%. Dose pertubation dan pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan film Gafchromic EBT3 pada phantom dengan prostesis.Kualitas kuantitatif pengukuran dosis dapat dilihat pada informasi dosis yang terkandung dalam TPS dengan D98%, D90%, D50%, D2% bersamaan dengan indeks homogenitas (HI). Perbedaan DVH untuk OARs disebabkan oleh perbedaan algoritma dan perencana. Terdapat perbedaan dosis yang signifikan pada kedalaman 7,8-11,8 cm di mana terdapat material prostesis.Temuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan algoritma TPS dan penerapan verifikasi dosis sangat penting untuk memastikan akurasi perencanaan pengobatan radiasi pada pasien dengan implan prostesis.

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This study used a right lateral hip prosthesis case to observe the effect of modern algorithms from various hospital Treatment Planning Systems (TPS). To replicate the human pelvis with prosthesis, an internal pelvic phantom was created. The dosimetric parameters used were the dose received by the target and organs at risk (OARs) rectum and bladder with 7 angles of IMRT beam direction at 180°, 230°, 280°, 330°, 30°, 80 and 130°. Single beam plans for dose pertubation with different TPS for the phantom using 6 MV photon beams with and without prosthesis density correction (4 g/cm3) were compared with measurements. The dosimetric parameters compared included D98%, D90%, D50%, D2%. Dose pertubation and measurements were performed using Gafchromic EBT3 film on the phantom with a prosthesis.

The quantitative quality of dose measurement can be seen in the dose information contained in TPS with D98%, D90%, D50%, D2% along with homogeneity index (HI). The difference in DVH for OARs is due to differences in algorithms and planners. There is a significant dose difference at a depth of 7.8-11.8 cm where at prosthesis material.

The findings of this study demonstrate that the selection of a TPS algorithm and the implementation of dose verification are of paramount importance in ensuring the accuracy of radiation treatment planning in patients with prosthesis implants."