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Abstrak :
[Dendrobium crumenatum merupakan jenis anggrek yang memiliki variasi morfologi akibat adanya persebaran yang luas. Studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa penelitian terhadap variasi morfologi bunga Dendrobium crumenatum belum dilakukan, salah satunya akibat penjelasan deskripsi yang tidak sama dari tiap-tiap pulau. Oleh karena itu, penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk membuat deskripsi yang sama dan lebih lengkap, kemudian menganalisis karakter-karakter yang signifikan berbeda dan memberikan gambaran mengenai pola pengelompokan berdasarkan pola biogeografi. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan 78 spesimen vegetatif dan 51 spesimen bunga. Sebanyak 33 karakter dari 37 spesimen bunga dianalisis menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perhiasan bunga, tepi lobus tengah, bentuk sepal dorsal dan sepal lateral, kalus, dan perbandingan panjang lobus tengah dan lobus samping labellum merupakan karakter-karakter yang signifikan berbeda. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan tiga kelompok yang terpisah, yaitu kelompok 1 (Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantan, dan Sulawesi) sebagai Dendrobium crumenatum, kelompok 2 (Nusa Tenggara) sebagai Dendrobium sp., dan kelompok 3 (Sulawesi Utara dan Maluku) sebagai Dendrobium papilioniferum. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan referensi untuk mengubah distribusi Dendrobium crumenatum, menjadikan Dendrobium papilioniferum menjadi jenis yang terpisah, dan menjadi data awal publikasi jenis baru Dendrobium dari Nusa Tenggara. ;Dendrobium crumenatum is an orchid species that have morphological variation due to the broad distribution. The literature study shows that the study of morphological variation about Dendrobium crumenatum has not been done, one of them as a result of the description which are not the same from each island. Therefore, the aims of this research are to make the same and complete description, then analyze the significantly different characters and give a description of grouping based on biogeographic patterns. The conducted research using 78 specimens vegetative and 51 specimens of flowers. A total 33 morphological characters from 37 flower spesimens were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis shows that the size of the flower parts, the edge of the middle lobe, dorsal sepals and lateral sepals form, callus, and the length ratio between middle lobe and the side lobe labellum are significantly different characters. The analysis also shows three separate groups, namely the group 1 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes) as Dendrobium crumenatum, group 2 (Lesser Sunda) as Dendrobium sp., and group 3 (North Sulawesi and Moluccas) as Dendrobium papilioniferum. Results of this study can be a reference material to restrict the distribution of Dendrobium crumenatum, to make Dendrobium papilioniferum a separate species, and be an early data into new species publication about Dendrobium sp. of Lesser Sunda. ;Dendrobium crumenatum is an orchid species that have morphological variation due to the broad distribution. The literature study shows that the study of morphological variation about Dendrobium crumenatum has not been done, one of them as a result of the description which are not the same from each island. Therefore, the aims of this research are to make the same and complete description, then analyze the significantly different characters and give a description of grouping based on biogeographic patterns. The conducted research using 78 specimens vegetative and 51 specimens of flowers. A total 33 morphological characters from 37 flower spesimens were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis shows that the size of the flower parts, the edge of the middle lobe, dorsal sepals and lateral sepals form, callus, and the length ratio between middle lobe and the side lobe labellum are significantly different characters. The analysis also shows three separate groups, namely the group 1 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes) as Dendrobium crumenatum, group 2 (Lesser Sunda) as Dendrobium sp., and group 3 (North Sulawesi and Moluccas) as Dendrobium papilioniferum. Results of this study can be a reference material to restrict the distribution of Dendrobium crumenatum, to make Dendrobium papilioniferum a separate species, and be an early data into new species publication about Dendrobium sp. of Lesser Sunda. , Dendrobium crumenatum is an orchid species that have morphological variation due to the broad distribution. The literature study shows that the study of morphological variation about Dendrobium crumenatum has not been done, one of them as a result of the description which are not the same from each island. Therefore, the aims of this research are to make the same and complete description, then analyze the significantly different characters and give a description of grouping based on biogeographic patterns. The conducted research using 78 specimens vegetative and 51 specimens of flowers. A total 33 morphological characters from 37 flower spesimens were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis shows that the size of the flower parts, the edge of the middle lobe, dorsal sepals and lateral sepals form, callus, and the length ratio between middle lobe and the side lobe labellum are significantly different characters. The analysis also shows three separate groups, namely the group 1 (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes) as Dendrobium crumenatum, group 2 (Lesser Sunda) as Dendrobium sp., and group 3 (North Sulawesi and Moluccas) as Dendrobium papilioniferum. Results of this study can be a reference material to restrict the distribution of Dendrobium crumenatum, to make Dendrobium papilioniferum a separate species, and be an early data into new species publication about Dendrobium sp. of Lesser Sunda. ]

Abstrak :
Anggrek merpati Dendrobium crumenatum merupakan anggrek yang tersebar luas di Asia Tenggara dan memiliki nilai sebagai tanaman hias dan tanaman obat. Spesies ini dapat beradaptasi pada berbagai habitat, salah satunya habitat terang hingga ternaung. Intensitas cahaya diketahui memiliki pengaruh terhadap perkembangan tumbuhan. Informasi mengenai pengaruh intensitas cahaya pada anatomi Dendrobium crumenatum masih terbatas, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk membandingkan karakter anggrek yang tumbuh di habitat terang dan ternaung. Habitat terang dan ternaung ditentukan dengan membandingkan intensitas cahaya menggunakan lux meter. Organ vegetatif berupa daun, akar, dan pseudobulb diambil dari anggrek yang tumbuh di habitat tersebut. Sampel disayat, diwarnai dan diawetkan, lalu diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Hasil parameter kualitatif dideskripsikan, sementara parameter kuantitatif dianalisis dengan uji t tidak berpasangan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intensitas cahaya memiliki pengaruh pada karakter morfologi dan anatomi D. crumenatum. Perbedaan anatomi pada daun yaitu ketebalan daun, ketebalan kutikula, ketebalan mesofil, ketebalan epidermis adaksial, dan kerapatan stomata abaksial. Ditemukan karakter anatomi berupa trikoma sumur pada daun. Ketebalan kutikula dan epidermis yang berbeda signifikan teramati pada pseudobulb Tidak didapat perbedaan anatomi bernilai signifikan pada akar. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa intensitas cahaya lebih memengaruhi karakter anatomi daun. Studi eksperimental serta penggunaan spesies lain sebagai pembanding disarankan untuk penelitian lanjutan.
Pigeon orchid Dendrobium crumenatum is commonly found in South East Asia, with values as ornamental and medicinal plant. This species adapts in broad habitat ranges, such as sunny to shaded habitats. Light intensity is known to influences plant development. There are limited informations of how light intensity affect D crumenatums anatomy, this research is aimed to compare the anatomy of D. crumenatum from sunny and shaded habitats. Habitat types determined by comparing light intensities using lux meter. The vegetative organs including leaf, pseudobulb and root were sampled. Samples were cut, stained and preserved, then observed using light microscope. Observed qualitative parameters were described, quantitative parameters were analyzed using unpaired t-test. This research shows that light intensity affected morphology and anatomy of D. crumenatum. Anatomical difference with statistical significance in leaves are leaf thickness, cuticle thickness, adaxial epidermis thickness, mesophyll thickness, and frequency of abaxial stomata. Noteworthy feature of the leaf includes sunken trichomes. Different cuticle and epidermis thickness were observed in the pseudobulb. There was no significant anatomical differences with in the root. It can be concluded in D. crumenatum, light intensity affects leaf anatomy the most. Experimental research and study regarding other species are suggested in the future

Abstrak :
Pengaruh arang aktif terhadap pencokelatan pada kultur daun Dendrobium lasianthera J.J.Sm telah diteliti di Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Departemen Biologi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons eksplan terhadap penambahan arang aktif pada medium ½ MS (Murashige dan Skoog) modifikasi dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi arang aktif yang tepat dalam mengurangi pencokelatan pada kultur daun Dendrobium lasianthera. Pemberian arang aktif pada medium ½ MS modifikasi dibagi menjadi empat kelompok: Kontrol (K =0%), Perlakuan 1 (P1 = 0,1%), Perlakuan 2 (P2 = 0,2%), dan Perlakuan 3 (P3 =0,3%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan arang aktif 1%, 2%, dan 3% dapat mengurangi pencokelatan, yaitu 10% eksplan mengalami pencokelatan, 78% eksplan tetap hijau, dan 12% eksplan mengalami bleaching. Konsentrasi arang aktif 3 g/l cenderung lebih baik dalam mengurangi pencokelatan. ......The effect of activated charcoal to browning in leaf culture of Dendrobium lasianthera J.J.Sm were studied in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology at Department of Biology. This study was aimed to know the respons of explants and to determine the best concentration of activated charcoal to minimize the browning. Treatment of activated charcoal in ½ MS medium divided into four group: Control (K = 0%), Treatment 1 (P1 = 0,1%), Treatment 2 (P2 = 0,2%), and Treatment 3 (P3 = 0,3%). Explant responded by browning (10%), staying green (78%), and bleaching (12%). The result showed that activated charcoal 1%, 2%, and 3% can minimize the effect of browning. The best result were obtained with ½ MS medium supplemented with 3 g/l activated charcoal.