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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menjelaskan mengenai fenomena regionalisme dalam Pemilu Presiden di Korea Selatan. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimana pembelahan sosial dalam masyarakat Korea Selatan berperan dalam terbentuknya fenomena regionalisme di masa transisi demokrasi dalam Pemilihan Presiden tahun 1987. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan menggunakan teori pembelahan sosial dan konsep regionalisme. Hasil penelitian ini adalah fenomena regionalisme yang terbentuk pada masa transisi demokrasi merupakan pembelahansosial yang terjadi akibat kebijakan rezim otoriter bagi wilayah di Korea Selatan. Selain itu fenomena regionalisme dalam Pemilu Presiden tahun 1987 juga didorong mobilisasi dukungan oleh kandidat dari wilayah asal masing-masing. Mobilisasi dukungan wilayah asal dan pencalonan Kim Young-sam (Reunification Democratic Party) dan Kim Dae-jung (Party for Peace and Democracy) membuat dukungan kepada oposisi terbagi sehingga kandidat partai pemerintah Roh Tae-woo (Democratic Justice Party) berhasil memenangkan Pemilu Presiden.

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ABSTRACTThis research explains about regionalism phenomenon in South Korea, especially in the presidential election. The problem discussed in this research is how the impact of social cleavage in South Korean society toward the formation of regionalism’s phenomenon in the transition to democracy in the 1987 Presidential Election. This research used qualitative methods and it applies social cleavage theory and regionalism concept. The result of this research finds that regionalism phenomenon formed in the Presidential Election on democratic transition period was the social cleavage which occured due to the policy of authoritarian regime toward regions in South Korea. In addition, regionalism phenomenon in the 1987 presidential election was also caused by the competition among the candidates in mobilizing the voters from their respective regions. The mobilization of regional support and the candidacy between Kim Young-sam (Reunification Democratic Party) and Kim Dae-jung (Party for Peace and Democracy) cause the support for the opposition was divided and the ruling party candidate Roh Tae-woo (Democratic Justice Party) won the presidential election.;"

"The Republic of Korea is regarded as a shining example of democracy in East Asia. Despite this significant achievement, Korea's democracy in practice has been plagued by political gridlock, severe factional infighting, a lack of social capital and cooperation between civil society and political institutions, and leadership behavior that calls to mind its authoritarian past. Although the country is now a secure electoral democracy, its journey toward democratic consolidation is far from complete. In this volume, some of the best scholars on Korean politics explore and assess the complex interplay of the facilitating and inhibiting factors that have influenced and reshaped Korea's democratic consolidation process at all levels of state and society, as well as the prospects for consolidation in the coming years."

"In this book, Jongwoo Han takes a holistic approach to understanding these phenomena by examining the stateʹs role in the unprecedented economic development and societyʹs capabilities to resist the stateʹs centralized power. Han re-articulates state-society relations through Onufʹs social constructivist approach based on three rules of a political community: hegemony, hierarchy, and heteronomy. This book expands upon this effort to re-construct the state and society relations in two ways. First, it produces case studies of the capital city of Hanyang (Joseon Dynasty from 1392 to 1910), Kyeongseong (Japanese colonial control from 1910 to 1945), and Seoul (1945-current). The capital city is analyzed as a container for the major ideologies and ways of thinking that have shaped three important political eras. Second, it adopts two indigenous thoughts, Neo-Confucianism and geomancy, as sources of the main political and cultural ideologies that shape Koreaʹs state and society relations. These sources have never been treated as units of political analysis. This book finds that both Neo-Confucianism and geomancy, over two periods of Hanyang and Kyeongseong, are two main contributing factors of the emergence of the developmental state and vibrant democracy in Korea in the Seoul era."

"Representasi sejarah dalam film-film sejarah merupakan cara penulis menggambarkan atau menceritakan bagian tertentu dari peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah. Lewat film sejarah, para pembuat film dapat memperkenalkan berbagai perspektif yang berbeda tentang suatu peristiwa sejarah. Salah satu sejarah di Korea Selatan yang menarik perhatian para pembuat film dan drama televisi adalah gerakan demokratisasi Gwangju terjadi pada 18 Mei 1980. Peristiwa tersebut melibatkan institusi militer dan warga sipil serta merupakan salah satu titik balik dari perjuangan demokratisasi di Korea Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan representasi agensi militer dalam gerakan demokratisasi Gwangju dalam objek penelitian berupa drama televisi Korea Selatan berjudul Youth of May di tahun 2021. Untuk memahami bagaimana peran agensi militer terutama militer pada peristiwa gerakan demokratisasi Gwangju direpresentasikan dalam drama Youth of May, penulis menggunakan konsep representasi dari Stuart Hall dan Foucault. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif deskriptif untuk menganalisis data transkrip film berupa dialog, monolog, non-dialog, dan potongan gambar yang ada di dalam drama. Hasil analisis pada drama Youth of May menunjukkan adanya dua bentuk representasi agensi militer dalam gerakan demokratisasi Gwangju, yaitu kekuasaan tidak terbatas yang dimiliki institusi militer dan gerakan demokratisasi menjadi proses yang mengarah pada tragedi.

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Historical representation in historical films is the filmmaker’s way of describing or telling historical events in their works. Through historical films, filmmakers can introduce different perspectives on a historical event. One of the historical events in South Korea that has caught the attention of film and television drama makers is the Gwangju Democratization Movement that occurred on May 18, 1980. This event involved military institutions and civilians and was one of the turning points of the struggle for democratization in South Korea. This study aims to explain the representation of security agencies and the government in the Gwangju Democratization Movement in the object of research, namely one of the South Korean television dramas entitled Youth of May in 2021. To understand how the role of security agencies and the government, especially the military in the events of the Gwangju Democratization Movement is represented in drama Youth of May, the author uses the concept of representation by Stuart Hall and Foucault. This study used a descriptive qualitative analysis method to analyze film transcript data in the form of dialogues, monologues, non-dialogues, and stills in the drama. The results of the analysis in the drama Youth of May show that there are two forms of representation by military agency in the Gwangju Democratization Movement, namely the unlimited power possessed by military institutions and the democratization movement which is a process that leads to tragedy."

"Gwangju, South Korea, 1980. In the wake of a viciously suppressed student uprising, a boy searches for his friend's corpse, a consciousness searches for its abandoned body, and a brutalised country searches for a voice. In a sequence of interconnected chapters the victims and the bereaved encounter censorship, denial, forgiveness and the echoing agony of the original trauma. Human Acts is a universal book, utterly modern and profoundly timeless. Already a controversial bestseller and award-winning book in Korea, it confirms Han Kang as a writer of immense importance. "