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Abstrak :
This article explores the relationship between socioeconomic status and support for the opposition by examining six legislative elections in the democratic transition period between 1980 and 1995. We demonstrate how political economic environment, framed by the constitutional, economic, and cross-strait policies of the main parties, influences voters’ vote choice. Before the launching of democratic reforms in 1986, individuals of a higher socioeconomic status tend to embrace democratic values but fail to translate into concrete electoral support for the opposition camp due to the concerns about the potential shocks to the stability of the political economic system. It is only after the onset of democratic reforms that this group begins to reveal their support for the opposition camp. In contrast, the relationship between occupations and vote choices was largely stable in the decade of the 1980s. Both petty bourgeois and blue-collar labor were consistently in favor of the opposition party. With the democratic reforms come to an end and the convergence of the two main parties’ policies, the significant relationship between socioeconomic status and voting choice vanished in the 1992 and 1995 elections.

Abstrak :
Kepengurusan PB HMI periode 1997-1999 merupakan periode dimana Indonesia mengalami transisi demokrasi. Oleh karena itu penelitian difokuskan pada bagaimana kepemimpinan transformasional Ketua Umum PB HMI periode 1997-1999 dalam menghadapi transisi demokrasi era reformasi 1998. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional yang dilakukan Ketua Umum PB HMI Periode 1997-1999 dalam menghadapi transisi demokrasi.Secara umum penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dari empat aspek gaya kepemimpinan transformasional idealized influence, idividual concideration, inspirational motivation, dan intelectual stimulation yang diterapkan, Ketua Umum PB HMI lebih mengedepankan aspek intlectual stimulation dalam kepemipinannya. Aspek ini yang berimplikasi pada pola gerakan dari PB HMI dalam merespon transisi demokrasi di Indonesia. ...... The management of PB HMI in the period 1997-1999 was the period in which Indonesia experienced a democratic transition. Therefore the research is focused on how transformational leadership of the PB HMI chairman 1997-1999 in the face of the 1998 reform era democratic transition. This study aims to analyze the application of transformational leadership style carried out by PB HMI general chairman from 1997-1999 in the face of democratic transition. In general, this study used a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach. The results of this study found that from the four aspects of transformational leadership style idealized influence, idividual concideration, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation applied, the General Chairperson of the PB HMI prioritized aspects of intellectual stimulation in his leadership. This aspect has implications for the pattern of movement of PB HMI in responding to the democratic transition in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Indonesia is turning its phase from transition towards democratization through general elections since 1999. After three legislative election in 1999, 2004, and 2009, the country still shows its difficulties in realizing its democratic consolidation ...