Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Pembelajaran anatomi dalam pendidikan kedokteran sering menggunakan kadaver. Usai digunakan, kadaver dikebumikan dengan metode deep burial. Hal ini menyebabkan pencemaran tanah yang terjadi akibat penggunaan formalin. Salah satu bahan alternatif formalin yang banyak diteliti adalah etanol-gliserin. Penelitian ini membandingkan tingkat dekomposisi tungkai belakang mencit Mus musculus yang telah diawetkan dengan etanol-gliserin dan formalin 4%. Mencit diawetkan terlebih dahulu dengan fiksatif primer formalin 10% yang menjadi standar pengawet kadaver, diikuti perendaman dengan fiksatif lanjut yaitu etanol-gliserin atau formalin 4%. Setelah itu, mencit dikebumikan selama 6 minggu dan dilihat tingkat dekomposisinya per minggu. Tingkat dekomposisi dinilai secara semikuantitatif dari penampilan, bau, dan keberadaan organisme pengurai. Data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat dekomposisi tungkai bawah mencit antar larutan fiksatif lanjut, dimana pada minggu ke-6 kelompok EG sampai pada tahap dry and remains sementara kelompok formalin masih berada di tahap advanced decay. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, tungkai belakang mencit yang diawetkan dengan larutan fiksatif etanol gliserin memiliki tingkat dekomposisi yang lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan larutan formalin 4%.

---

Medical schools often use cadavers as a tool for learning anatomy. Once used, the cadavers are buried using the deep burial method. This may cause soil contamination due to the use of formalin. Several research have found promising results on the use of ethanol-glycerin as an alternative fixative solution for formalin. This study compared the rate of decomposition between the two fixative solutions, ethanol-glycerine and 4% formalin, on the hind limb of mice. The mice was first preserved using a standard primary fixative solution which is 10% formalin, following that procedure is preservation using advanced fixative solution, ethanol- glycerine or 4% formalin. Upon completing the preservation steps, the mice were buried for a duration of 6 weeks and observed weekly. The stages of decomposition was assessed semiquantitively by physical observations, smell, and presence of decomposers. Data obtained showed that there was a difference in the rate of decomposition between the two advanced fixative solutions, where in the 6th week the hind limbs of mice in the EG group was able to reach the dry and remains stage while the formalin group was still in the advanced decay stage. It is concluded that, the hind limbs of mice that were previously preserved with ethanol-glycerine advanced fixative solution had a faster decomposition rate than 4% formalin."

"The dual-inverter fed open-end winding configuration can be categorized as a new breed of multi-level converters. The structure is simple and offers a lot of advantages. However, the development of suitable PWM schemes is more complicated, due to the availability of a large number of switching states and existence of the multiple two-dimensional planes. An overview of attempts to develop suitable modulation techniques for the dual-inverter fed five-phase machine drives recognizes that progress has been made over the past few years. This paper presents a performance comparison of three PWM schemes of the dual-inverter fed five-phase, open-end winding motor drives. The quality of the phase output voltages are compared and the adequate analyses are provided. The simulation results show that the Carrier Based Phase Disposition (PD) PWM scheme enables generation of the most excellent output voltage among the three PWM schemes. The Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) of the output voltages generated by the carrier based PWM scheme reduces by 65% and 15% on average compared to the THD of the output voltages produced by the URS PWM scheme and the decomposition PWM scheme respectively."

"Formalin pada kadaver dapat menimbulkan masalah bagi sekitarnya, salah satunya memperlambat proses dekomposisi saat kadaver dikuburkan, sehingga perlu dilakukan penetralan. Salah satu senyawa yang dapat digunakan adalah ammonium klorida. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan membandingkan kemampuan penetralan berbagai persentase larutan ammonium klorida terhadap formalin 4%. Penelitian ini menggunakan 18 ekor mencit (Mus musculus), dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu mencit yang diawetkan dengan formalin 4%, mencit yang diawetkan dan diberikan penetral ammonium klorida 20%, dan mencit yang diawetkan dan diberikan penetral ammonium klorida 40%. Mencit kemudian dikebumikan selama 5 minggu dan dinilai tingkat dekomposisinya. Proses dekomposisi kelompok formalin 4% lebih cepat dibandingkan kelompok ammonium klorida 20% dan 40%. Tidak adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok ammonium klorida 20% dan 40%. Peneliti menduga karena adanya pembentukan resin urea-formalin, serta pH tanah yang rendah juga menghambat perkembangan bakteri. Setelah itu, tidak dilakukan pengukuran kadar formalin di dalam jaringan sehingga masih ada kemungkinan terdapat formalin yang belum dinetralkan pada kelompok ammonium klorida 20% dan 40%, membuat tidak ada perbedaan antara kedua kelompok tersebut. Proses dekomposisi tungkai mencit yang diawetkan dengan formalin 4% lebih cepat dibandingkan yang dinetralkan dengan ammonium klorida. Tidak ada perbedaan antara proses dekomposisi antara tungkai mencit yang dinetralkan dengan ammonium klorida 20% dan 40%.

---

Formaldehyde in cadavers can cause many problems to the environment, one of them is by decreasing the decomposition rate when cadavers were buried, hence needed to be neutralized. One of the ways is by using ammonium chloride. This study aims to compare between different neutralizing ammonium chloride concentrations on the decomposition of preserved hindlimb of mice. This study uses 18 mice (Mus musculus) divided into three study groups, which is mice that is preserved with 4% formaldehyde, mice that is preserved and neutralized by 20% ammonium chloride, and mice that is preserved and neutralized by 40% ammonium chloride. Afterwards, the mice will be buried for 5 weeks and evaluated by the decomposition. The decomposition of 4% formaldehyde group is faster than 20% and 40% ammonium chloride group. There is no significant difference between 20% and 40% ammonium chloride group. Researcher suspects that this is due to the formation of urea-formaldehyde resin, and low soil pH that inhibits bacterial growth. Other than that, formaldehyde levels in the tissue of the mice are not measured, so there is still a possibility that the formaldehyde has not been neutralized, causing no difference between the two groups. Decomposition process of hindlimb that is preserved by 4% formaldehyde is faster than hindlimb that is preserved and neutralized by ammonium chloride. There is no significant difference between decomposition process of preserved hindlimb that is neutralized by 20% and 40% ammonium chloride."