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"ABSTRAKPasien kanker umumnya mengalami penurunan berat badan terkait kaheksia. Patofisiologi kaheksia kanker multifaktorial, termasuk efek sitokin pro inflamasi dan inflamasi sistemik. Profil asam amino plasma pada pasien kanker mengalami perubahan. Deplesi protein dapat terjadi akibat asupan yang menurun atau efek langsung dari tumor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil dan hubungan antara asam amino serum, status nutrisi dan sitokin-sitokin pro-anti inflamasi, serta sel T helper 17 pada pasien kaheksia kanker paru. Penelitian potong lintang dengan consecutive sampling pada pasien kanker paru dengan kaheksia ini mengambil subjek berusia lebih dari 18 tahun dan belum diterapi atau sudah selesai terapi lebih dari 2 bulan di Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais. Analisis asupan dilakukan dengan food frequency questionnaire semikuantitatif dan 24-hours food recall. Pemeriksaan asam amino serum dengan metode spektofotometri, Sel T helper-17 dengan metode flowcytometry, dan C-reactive protein dengan metode latex agglutination, serta kadar IL 17, IL 6 dan TNFα dengan metode ELISA. Data yg didapat kemudian di analisis dengan uji T atau Mann Whitney untuk melihat hubungan dan untuk menganalisis hubungan dalam tabel digunakan uji Chi-Square atau Fischer Exact, sedangkan untuk korelasi digunakan uji Pearson atau Spearman. Asam amino triptofan, asparagin, glutamin, valin, lisin dan sistein berkorelasi positif dengan sitokin anti-inflamasi dan status nutrisi, sebaliknya negatif dengan sitokin pro inflamasi. Asam amino fenilalanin, treonin, dan glutamat berkorelasi positif dengan sitokin pro-inflamasi dan berkorelasi negatif dengan status nutrisi dan sitokin anti inflamasi. Khusus aspartat, selain berkorelasi positif dengan sitokin pro inflamasi, juga berkorelasi positif dengan indeks massa tubuh, tetapi menunjukkan korelasi negatif dengan penurunan berat badan. Beberapa asam amino serum terbukti berhubungan dengan status sitokin dan status nutrisi pada subjek kanker paru dengan kaheksia, sehingga perlu menjadi perhatian dalam terapi nutrisi pasien kankerKata kunci: asam amino serum, status nutrisi, sitokin, kaheksia kanker

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ABSTRACTCancer patients generally experience weight loss associated with cancer cachexia. The pathophysiology of cancer cachexia is multifactorial, including the effects of pro inflammatory cytokines and systemic inflammation.. The plasma amino acid profile was found to significantly undergo changes in cancer patients. Protein depletion can occur due to decreased intake or direct effects of tumors on protein metabolism. This study aimed to determine the profile and relationship between serum amino acids, nutritional status and pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines, and T helper 17 cells in lung cancer cachexia patients. This cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling in lung cancer patients with cachexia took subjects over the age of 18 years and who had not been treated or who had finished therapy for more than 2 months at the Dharmais Cancer Hospital. Dietary intake analyses were carried out with semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour food recalls. Blood tests were carried out in the form of serum amino acids, cytokines, C-reactive protein and T helper 17 cells. Data obtained were then analyzed by the T or Mann Whitney test to see the relationship and to analyze relationships in the table used chi-square or Fischer Exact, while for correlation used Pearson or Spearman test. The amino acids tryptophan, asparagine, glutamine, valine, lysine and cysteine were positively correlated with anti-inflammatory cytokines and nutritional status, and negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Phenylalanine, threonine and glutamate amino acids were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and negatively correlated with nutritional status and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Aspartate showed a positive correlation pro inflammatory cytokines and body mass index, but a negative correlation with weight loss. Some serum amino acids have been shown to be related to cytokines and nutritional status in lung cancer cachexia patients, so it should be a concern in nutritional therapy for cancer patients"

"Insidens insufisiensi adrenal pada pasien renjatan sepsis dilaporkan sekitar 40-65. Sitokin IL-1 dan IL-6 dapat menstimulasi sekresi kortisol sedangkan TNF-? serta MIF berperan dalam menghambat pembentukan kortisol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran IL-1, IL-6, TNF-? dan MIF dalam terjadinya insufisiensi adrenal relatif pada renjatan sepsis.Penelitian eksperimental dilakukan di laboratorium FKH IPB berlangsung selama 6 bulan April-September 2015 . Model anak babi yang dipakai berumur 6-8 minggu dengan berat badan 5-10 kg. Pemilihan sampel dengan consecutive sampling dengan total n = 20. Anak babi diberikan infus endoktoksin dengan dosis 50 ug/kg BB. Sampel darah untuk analisis IL-1, IL-6, TNF-?, MIF, ACTH, kortisol, 17 OHP, DHEA, androstenedion diambil sebelum pemberian endotoksin dan tiap 15 menit hingga terjadi renjatan sepsis, kemudian dilakukan uji synacthen. Pemeriksaan imunohistokimia dilakukan pada kelenjar adrenal, hipofisis, dan hipotalamus.Dari 19 anak babi yang dianalisis mengalami renjatan sepsis dalam waktu 60 menit. Karakteristik sampel tidak berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Kadar IL-6 pada kelompok IAR dibandingkan dengan kelompok tanpa IAR berbeda bermakna pada menit ke-45 0,65 0,5-4,32 pg/dL vs. 0,54 0,51-0,61 pg/dL , p = 0,008 . Kadar IL-1 antara kelompok IAR dibandingkan kelompok tanpa IAR tidak berbeda bermakna. Kadar TNF-? pada kelompok IAR dibandingkan dengan kelompok tanpa IAR berbeda bermakna pada menit ke-15 1862,5 327,9-4511,14 pg/dL vs. 155,38 24,67-394,10 pg/dL , p = 0,002 dan menit ke-30 4295,76 246,9-5913,37 pg/dL vs. 422,90 101,05-4129,42 pg/dL , p = 0,007 . Kadar MIF kelompok IAR dibandingkan dengan kelompok tanpa IAR berbeda bermakna pada saat renjatan sepsis 25,28 18,45-30,64 ng/dL vs. 11,30 7,1-15,14 ng/dL p = 0,003 . Pemeriksaan imunohistokimia hanya pada hipotalamus yang menunjukkan pewarnaan terhadap IL-1, IL-6, TNF-? dan MIF pada kelompok dengan IAR. Pada renjatan sepsis dan insufisiensi adrenal relatif kadar TNF-? meningkat pada menit-menit awal, kemudian kadar IL-6 meningkat kemudian serta terakhir kadar MIF meningkat pada saat renjatan sepsis. Kadar IL-1 tidak terdapat perbedaan antara kedua kelompok. Kata kunci: IL-1, IL-6, insufisiensi adrenal relatif, MIF, renjatan sepsis, TNF-?

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Incidence of adrenal insufficiency in septic shock ranged between 40 ndash 65 . The mechanism of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock is caused by inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to identify the role of IL 6, IL 1 in stimulating ACTH and cortisol release, and the role of TNF and MIF in inhibiting the level of ACTH and cortisol in septic shock with relative adrenal insufficiency RAI in order to develop guidelines for relative adrenal insufficiency marker.Experimental study was conducted in Veterinary Faculty, Bogor Agricultural Institute for 6 months Apri ndash September 2015 . Piglet models Sus scrofa aged 6 ndash 8 weeks weighing 5 ndash 10 kg. Consecutive sampling was used with total 20 piglets. Piglet models were given 50 ug kg endotoxin infusion Escherichia coli O111 B4 Sigma chemical, St. Louis, MO, USA . Blood sample for analysis of IL 1, IL 6, TNF , MIF, ACTH, cortisol, 17 OHP, DHEA, androstenedione was collected before endotoxin administration and every 15 minutes until septic shock occurred. Piglet models were monitored using PiCCO monitor. Stimulation test was then performed using synthetic corticotropin Synacthen and blood sample was collected again along with immunohistochemistry examination of the adrenal, pituitary and hypothalamus glands.From 19 study subjects analized, all subject had septic shock in 60 minutes. Study subject characteristics in each group were similar. The level of IL 6 at 45 minutes had a significant different compared to the group without RAI 0.65 0.5 ndash 4.32 pg dL vs. 0.54 0.51 ndash 0.61 pg dL , p 0.008 . The level of IL 1 during septic shock were not significantly different between both groups. The level of TNF in RAI group had significant different compared to the group without RAI at 15 minutes 1862.5 327.9 ndash 4511.14 pg dL vs. 155.38 24.67 ndash 394.10 pg dL , p 0.002 and at 30 minutes 4295.76 246.9 ndash 5913.37 pg dL vs. 422.90 101.05 ndash 4129.42 pg dL , p 0.007 The level of MIF in group with RAI during septic shock had a significant different compared to the group without RAI t 25.28 18.45 ndash 30.64 ng dL vs. 11.30 7.1 ndash 15.14 ng dL , p 0.003 . Immunohisto chemistry staining of IL 1, IL 6, TNF , and MIF was observed only in the hypothalamus glands of the RAI group. In septic shock and relative adrenal insufficiency, TNF increased in earlier minutes, then IL 6 increased and later MIF increased in septic shock condition. IL 1 level had no difference increment for both group.Keywords IL 1, IL 6, MIF, relative adrenal insufficiency, septic shock, TNF"

"Disregulasi sistem imun pada anak Gangguan Spektrum Autisme (GSA) dapat dipengaruhi oleh infeksi CMV yang menyebabkan disregulasi IL-1B dan IL-6 dan perubahan kondisi autistik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan peran CMV terhadap IL-1B dan IL-6 beserta SNPs serta menganalisis hubungan CMV dan biomarker dengan kondisi autistik. Pemeriksaan biomarker melibatkan 98 anak GSA dan 96 tanpa GSA menggunakan metode ELISA untuk pemeriksaan CMV, IL-1B, IL-6, melatonin dan qPCR untuk pemeriksaan SNPs. Kondisi autistik diukur menggunakan empat jenis instrumen untuk menilai kebiasaan tidur, perilaku makan, profil sensori, serta kemampuan sosial dan komunikasi yang diisi oleh ibu dari subjek penelitian. Analisis statistik untuk uji perbandingan menggunakan Mann Whitney U dan uji hubungan serta korelasi menggunakan Spearman rank dan Chi-square (X2). CMV berkorelasi dengan IL-6 (r = p = 0.026) dan IL-1B (r= p = 0.014) pada kelompok GSA. IL-6 (p = 0.003) dan IL-1B (p < 0.001) juga berhubungan dengan perilaku makan. Pada anak GSA, perilaku makan berhubungan dengan profil sensori (p < 0.001) dan profil sensori berhubungan dengan kemampuan sosial-komunikasi (p < 0.001). Pada analisis SNPs, ditemukan distribusi alel dan genotipe yang seimbang menurut Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, namun genotipe kedua SNPs tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian autisme dan kondisi autistik. Infeksi CMV pada anak GSA dapat memengaruhi konsentrasi IL-6 dan IL-1B yang juga memiliki hubungan dengan perilaku makan. SNPs IL-1B rs1143634 dan IL-6 rs1800796 yang ditemukan di Indonesia ini, tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian autisme dan kondisi autistik. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih komprehensif untuk melihat pengaruh infeksi CMV pada anak GSA dari sudut pandang imunogenetik.

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Immune system dysregulation in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may be influenced by CMV infection, leading to IL-1Β and IL-6 dysregulation and alterations in autistic conditions. This study aims to investigate the role of CMV in IL-1Β and IL-6, along with their SNPs, and analyze the relationship between CMV, biomarkers, and autistic conditions. Biomarker analysis involved 98 children with ASD and 96 without ASD. ELISA was used to measure CMV, IL-1Β, IL-6, and melatonin levels, while qPCR was employed for SNP analysis. Autistic conditions were assessed using four instruments measuring sleep habits, eating behaviors, sensory profiles, and social-communication skills, as reported by the mothers of the participants. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U test for group comparisons and Spearman’s rank correlation and Chi-square (X²) tests for relationship analysis. CMV was correlated with IL-6 (r, p = 0.026) and IL-1Β (r, p = 0.014) in the ASD group. IL-6 (p = 0.003) and IL-1Β (p < 0.001) were also associated with eating behaviors. In children with ASD, eating behaviors were linked to sensory profiles (p < 0.001), which in turn were associated with social-communication skills (p < 0.001). SNP analysis revealed that allele and genotype distributions followed Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium; however, the genotypes of both SNPs showed no significant association with the incidence of autism or autistic conditions. CMV infection in children with ASD influences IL-6 and IL-1Β concentrations, which are associated with eating behaviors. The IL-1Β rs1143634 and IL- 6 rs1800796 SNPs identified in Indonesia showed no relationship with autism incidence or autistic conditions. Further comprehensive studies are needed to explore the immunogenetic effects of CMV infection in children with ASD."