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"Bahasa lahir bersamaan dengan perkembangan peradaban manusia itu sendiri. Sebagai suatu alat untuk berkomunikasi, bahasa dapat mencerminkan berbagai aspek kehidupan suatu masyarakat. Suatu masyarakat yang telah maju selalu ditandai dengan pemakaian bahasanya yang luas, begitu juga sebaliknya, suatu bahasa yang banyak dipakai oleh masyarakat luas, merupakan bahasa dari suatu masyarakat yang telah maju. Sulit untuk menentukan mana yang terlebih dahuhi maju, masyarakatnya atau bahasanya. Tapi yang jelas, bagi penganut paham rasionalis, bahasa mencenninkan kemampuan daya nalar (Alwasilah, 1994).Bahasa Indonesia merupakan salah satu bahasa yang banyak dipakai, karena jumlah penduduk bangsa Indonesia diperkirakan telah mencapai 180 juta jiwa. Bahasa Indonesia yang dipakai oleh banyak orang tersebut, berpotensi menjadi salah satu bahasa yang dipakai masyarakat internasional, seperti halnya bahasa Inggris. Dalam kenyataannya, harapan tersebut masih jauh dari kenyataan. Kemungkinan besar salah satu sebabnya adalah karena bahasa Indonesia itu dipergunakan di atas bahasa-bahasa daerah yang tersebar dari Sabang sanipai Merauke.Sampai saat ini belum ada data yang pasti, berapa banyak bahasa-bahasa daerah yang ada di Indonesia. Variasi bahasa dari suatu tempat ke tempat lain berkaitan erat dengan dimensi sosial maupun geografi. Variasi ini terlihat jelas antara masyarakat perkotaan dan pedesaan, perbedaan dalam umur, jenis kelamin, golongan, maupun identitas suku bangsa."

"Southeast Asia is home to many distinct groups of sea nomads, some of whichare known collectively as Orang (Suku) Laut. Those located between Sumatra andthe Malay Peninsula are all Malayic-speaking. Information about their speech ispaltry and scattered; while starting points are provided in publications such asSkeat and Blagden (1906), Kähler (1946a, b, 1960), Sopher (1977: 178?180), Kadiret al. (1986), Stokhof (1987), and Collins (1988, 1995), a comprehensive accountand description of Malayic Sea Tribe lects has not been provided to date. Thisstudy brings together disparate sources, including a bit of original research, tosketch a unified linguistic picture and point the way for further investigation.While much is still unknown, this paper demonstrates relationships within andbetween individual Sea Tribe varieties and neighbouring canonical Malay lects.It is proposed that Sea Tribe lects can be assigned to four groupings: Kedah, RiauIslands, Duano, and Sekak."

"The Timor-Alor-Pantar (TAP) language family has a special place in South-EastAsian linguistics; its members make up the western extreme of the Papuanlanguage sphere. Along with an exhaustive bibliography of works on theTAP languages, this paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the ongoingdocumentation of the TAP language family in terms of both linguistic descriptionand (pre-)historical reconstruction. The paper concludes with a considerationof the prospects for future studies of the TAP languages."

"This study discusses the relationship between indirect speech act and politeness in directive speech act. To get the data, questioners with personal indormastion of respondents and nine directive speech acts which must be assessed by these Indonesian speakers in Jakarta are employed. The analysis shows that there is a positive correlation between the indiirectness of a dierctive speech act and the degree of politeness. The more indirect a directive speech act, the more polite it is. Neverthless, the correlation is not absolute. There are other parameters that determine the degree of politeness such as intonation, choice of words, and cultural values of the speakers."

"This correlation study aims at knowing empirically the significant relation between the third year students cross-cultural understanding and communicative competence at State Islamic Senior High Schools at South Jakarta. Its data that are obtained through two kinds of test are analyzed using both regression and correlation techniques."

"Due to the emergence of what in Indonesian is called industri rekaman daerah ?Indonesian regional recording industries?, which has developed significantly since the 1980s, many regional recording companies have been established in Indonesia. As a consequence, more and more aspects of Indonesian regional culture have appeared in commercial recordings. Nowadays commercial cassettes and Video Compact Discs (VCDs) of regional pop and oral literature genres from different ethnic groups are being produced and distributed in provincial and regency towns, even those situated far from the Indonesian capital of Jakarta. Considering the extensive mediation and commodification of ethnic cultures in Indonesia, this paper investigates the impact of the rise of a regional recording industry on Minangkabau oral literature in West Sumatra. Focussing on recordings of some Minangkabau traditional verbal art genres on commercial cassettes and VCDs by West Sumatran recording companies, this paper attempts to examine the way in which Minangkabau traditional verbal art performers have engaged with electronic communication, and how this shapes technological and commercial conditions for ethnic art and performance in one modernizing society in regional Indonesia."

"This article deals with traditional literature of the Pakpak-Dairi and Karo peoples in North Sumatra, who are speakers of closely related Batak languages and have many common features in their language and culture. Their traditional life-style, based on agriculture and the use of forest products, requires the regular performance of community rituals featuring songs, dance, music and other oral traditions including storytelling. The songs, prayers, and stories belonging to their literary tradition have characteristic features that are intimately connected with the social context in which they are created and performed. Karo and Pakpak-Dairi oral genres often contain information about the natural environment, local customs and religious concepts. They may also reflect perceptions of relationships with neighbouring groups, such as the Minangkabau and the Malays who live in the coastal areas."

"This correlational study is to show the role of deductive and inductive reasoningabilities as aspects of cognitive development on expository text comprehensionamong high school students who already have a capacity to think in conceptualand hyphotetical ways and to examine how they correlate and influence the textcomprehension process. This study has broaden our knowledge of languageand thinking, as it is different from other previous studies that focused oncomprehension process among elementary students, narrative, readingstrategies, and comprehension difficulties. It is found that deductive reasoningis more significantly correlated to expository text comprehension than inductivereasoning. There is other significant differences between natural sciences and socialsciences students in expository text comprehension and deductive reasoning,where the average scores of the natural sciences students on both variables arehigher than those of social sciences students. It shows that the ability to analisesyntesise,to relate some basic elements of a text, and to draw a conclusion ormain idea of the text support the process of expository text comprehension,and can be taught and developed by learning process. Meanwhile, inductivereasoning ability is significantly different between male and female students,and it does not correlate to expository text comprehension."

"In the Universitets-Bibliotheek (UB) Leiden there is a pile of Banten letters that are bundled in Cod.Or. 2241 Illb. The 17th (No. 80) letter is a letter from Sultan Anom to the Governour General Willem Arnold Alting and Raad van Indie in Batavia. The content of the letter, which is undated and written in Javanese hanacaraka, is an approval of Sultan given to Raad van Indie for the building of a new house in Indramayu. Based on the codicological analysis of the shape, kind of paper, seal, scripts, and the language, it can be concluded that those letters in the budle were in fact not sent form Sultan Anom of Banten but form Sultan Kanoman of Cirebon."