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Abstrak :
Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) adalah salah satu infeksi yang paling sering didapat di rumah sakit. Perkiraan saat ini adalah antara 15% hingga 30% dari semua bakteremia nosokomial terkait dengan kateter. Peningkatan kadar PCT dianggap sebagai indikasi laboratorium yang utama dari infeksi akut, dan PCT merupakan penanda CRBSI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prokalsitonin sebagai prediktor keberhasilan medikamentosa pada kasus CRBSI. Metode : Subjek penelitian sebagian diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien yang masuk melalui poliklinik dan IGD RSCM, selanjutnya diseleksi sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditentukan oleh peneliti. Pasien akan dipantau selama menjalani rawat inap di rumah sakit, dan dilihat perkembangan penyakit serta keberhasilan medikamentosa yang di dapat oleh pasien selama 2 minggu, sehingga didapatkan data seberapa besar kejadian keberhasilan terapi medikamentosa dan kejadian penggantian kateter pada pasien dengan CRBSI didalam rekam medis. Hasil : Variabel bebas dan variabel tergantung akan dilakukan analisisi bivariate menggunakan uji perbandingan dua rerata, jika sebaran variabel bebas tersebut normal maka akan menggunakan uji independent t-test dan jika sebaran variabel bebas tidak normal maka dilakukan uji menggunakan mann whitney. Apabila dari hasil uji bivariate terdapat nilai p value bermakna atau p value <0,2 maka akan dilanjutkan menggunakan uji penentuan titik potong dengan metode kurva ROC untuk mendapatkan sensitifitas dan spesifitas terbaik. ......Background : Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSI) are one of the most common infections acquired in hospitals. Current estimates are between 15% and 30% of all catheter-associated nosocomial bacteremia. Elevated procalcitonine (PCT) levels are considered the primery laboratory indication of acute infection, and PCT is a marker of CRBSI. The purpose of this study was to determine PCT as a predictor of success medication in CRBSI cases. Methods : The research subjects were partially obtained from the medical records of patients who entered through the polyclinic and the RSCM ER, then selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been determined by the researcher. Patients will be monitored during hospitalization in the hospital, and seen the progress of the disease and the success of medication obtained by the patient for 2 weeks, in order to obtain data on how much the incidence of successful medical therapy and the incidence of catheter replacement in patients with CRBSI is in the medical record. Results : The independent variables and dependent variables will be analyzed using a bivariate comparison test of two means, if the distribution of the independent variables is normal, it will use the independent t-test and if the distribution of the independent variables is not normal, then the test is carried out using the Mann Whitney. If the results of the bivariate test have a significant p value or p value <0.2, it will be continued using the cut point determination test with the ROC curve method to get the best sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion : In this study, the value of procalcitonin can be a predictor of medical success in CRBSI cases.

Abstrak :
Infeksi nosokomial atau infeksi yang berkenaan atau berasal dari rumah sakit masih menjadi masalah di rumah sakit di Indonesia dan dunia. Lebih dari 20% infeksi nosokomial terjadi di ICU. Infeksi nosokomial akan meningkatkan angka kematian, waktu perawatan pasien serta biaya. Resistensi terhadap antibiotik kini juga menjadi masalah dalam mengatasi infeksi nosokomial. Pengetahuan mengenai pola bakteri di ICU RSUPNCM beserta pola resistensi penting diketahui sebagai pertimbangan dalam penatalaksanaan infeksi nosokomial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dan data sekunder isolat yang berasal di ICU RSUPNCM pada tahun 2003-2006 yang didapat dari LMK FKUI. Data dibagi dua berdasarkan kurun waktu 2003-2004 dan 2005-2006. Didapatkan 142 isolat dalam kurun waktu 2003-2006, 91 isolat dalam kurun waktu 2003-2004 serta 51 isolat pada 2005-2006. Dari data didapatkan lima bakteri terbanyak yaitu Pseudomonas aeruginosa(31), Klebsiella pneumoniae(29), cinetobacter anitratus(21), Staphylococcus aureus(19) dan Enterobacter aerogenes(18). Pada kedua kurun waktu didapatkan lima besar bakteri yang sama namun dalam urutan yang berbeda. Pola resistensi terhadap antibiotik menunjukkan persentase resistensi yang meningkat pada Pseudomonas aeruginosa terhadap tikarsilin, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter anitratus, dan Enterobacter aerogenes terhadap sefepim, Staphylococcus aureus terhadap eritromisin, lainnya turun atau menetap. Berdasarkan perbandingan dengan hasil uji resistensi di negara-negara lain ditemukan beberapa perbedaan. Perbedaan ini dapat terjadi karena berbagai hal dan dipengaruhi berbagai faktor. Harus dilakukan upaya-upaya pengendalian infeksi nosokomial dan pencegahan resistensi dengan berbagai strategi. ...... Nosocomial infection or infection associated with or derived from hospital is still a problem in Indonesia and around the world. More than 20% nosocomial infection occurred in the ICU. Nosocomial infection will increase cost, mortality rate, length of stay and cost. Resistance against antibiotics has also become a problem in controlling nosocomial infection. Knowledge about bacterial pattern in ICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo national General Hospital and its resistance pattern will help in determining the appropriate treatment for nosocomial infection. The study design is cross-sectional and using secondary data obtained from bacteria isolated from ICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo national General Hospital during 2003-2006. The data is then divided into two periods, 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. The highest numbers of microbes found were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(31), Klebsiella pneumoniae(29), Acinetobacter anitratus(21), Staphylococcus aureus(19) and Enterobacter aerogenes(18). In both period the big five bacterias are the same, but in a different order. Increased percentage of resistance is shown in Pseudomonas aeruginosa against ticarcillin, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter anitratus and Enterobacter aerogenes against cefepime, and Staphylococcus aureus against erythromycin, other shows decreased or constant percentage. Comparison of the resistance pattern with study in other countries show some differences. There are various reasons and factors that may affect this outcome. Efforts must be made on controlling nosocomial infection and prevent resistance againsts antibiotics through various strategies.

Abstrak :
Bennett &​ Brachman Hospital Infections has been an influential textbook on nosocomial infections for over 30 years. This book provides readers with the latest information in the field of healthcare epidemiology and hospital accumulated infections prevention and control.

Abstrak :
Thoroughly revised and updated for its Fourth Edition, a comprehensive reference on hospital epidemiology and infection control. Written by over 150 leading experts, this new edition examines every type of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infection and addresses every issue relating to surveillance, prevention, and control of these infections in patients and in healthcare workers. This new edition features new or significantly increased coverage of emerging infectious diseases, avian influenza, governmental regulation of infection control and payment practices related to hospital-acquired infections, molecular epidemiology, the increasing prevalence of community-acquired MRSA in healthcare facilities, system-wide infection control provisions for healthcare systems, hospital infection control issues following natural disasters, and antimicrobial stewardship in reducing the development of antimicrobial-resistant organisms.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Cuci tangan merupakan salah satu metode yang efektif dalam mengurangi resiko terjadinya infeksi nosokomial di rumah sakit. Salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan angka penyebaran infeksi nosokomial adalah pengunjung. Penelitian terkait pengetahuan dan perilaku pengunjung dalam mencuci tangan masih sedikit. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku pengunjung dalam hal mencuci tangan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 94 responden dan dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari kuesioner pengetahuan pengunjung tentang cuci tangan dan lembar observasi perilaku cuci tangan. Hasil Uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan perilaku pengunjng dalam hal cuci tangan (p = 0,445 ; α = 0,05). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya pemberian informasi dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran pengunjung dalam cuci tangan di rumah sakit.

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ABSTRAK
Handhygiene is one of the effective methods in reducing the risk of nosocomial infections in hospitals. One of the factors that can lead to the increasing number of nosocomial infections is visitors. Research related to knowledge and handhygiene behavior of visitors is still rare. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the correlation between knowledge and behavior of handhygiene visitors in terms of handhygiene. This research involved 94 respondents and conducted using consecutive sampling technique. The research instrument consists of a questionnaire about the knowledge of visitors? handhygiene and handhygiene?s behavior observation sheet. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results showed that no significant correlation between the level of knowledge and visitor?s behavior in hamdhygiene (p = 0.445; α = 0.05). The study recommnds the important of providing information to improve knowledge and awareness of visitors in handhygiene in hospitals.

Abstrak :
Intensive care is a rapidly changing area of medicine, and after four years from the 2nd edition the volume editors and authors have deemed necessary to update it. In the recent years, in fact, five new randomised controlled trials and five new meta-analyses demonstrate that selective decontamination of the digestive tract [SDD] is an antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent severe infections of not only lower airways but also of blood. Additionally, SDD has been shown to reduce inflammation including multiple organ failure and mortality. An intriguing observation is the evidence that SDD using parenteral and enteral antimicrobials reduces rather than increases antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, a new chapter on microcirculation had been added.