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Abstrak :
Infeksi nosokomial atau infeksi yang berkenaan atau berasal dari rumah sakit masih menjadi masalah di rumah sakit di Indonesia dan dunia. Lebih dari 20% infeksi nosokomial terjadi di ICU. Infeksi nosokomial akan meningkatkan angka kematian, waktu perawatan pasien serta biaya. Resistensi terhadap antibiotik kini juga menjadi masalah dalam mengatasi infeksi nosokomial. Pengetahuan mengenai pola bakteri di ICU RSUPNCM beserta pola resistensi penting diketahui sebagai pertimbangan dalam penatalaksanaan infeksi nosokomial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dan data sekunder isolat yang berasal di ICU RSUPNCM pada tahun 2003-2006 yang didapat dari LMK FKUI. Data dibagi dua berdasarkan kurun waktu 2003-2004 dan 2005-2006. Didapatkan 142 isolat dalam kurun waktu 2003-2006, 91 isolat dalam kurun waktu 2003-2004 serta 51 isolat pada 2005-2006. Dari data didapatkan lima bakteri terbanyak yaitu Pseudomonas aeruginosa(31), Klebsiella pneumoniae(29), cinetobacter anitratus(21), Staphylococcus aureus(19) dan Enterobacter aerogenes(18). Pada kedua kurun waktu didapatkan lima besar bakteri yang sama namun dalam urutan yang berbeda. Pola resistensi terhadap antibiotik menunjukkan persentase resistensi yang meningkat pada Pseudomonas aeruginosa terhadap tikarsilin, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter anitratus, dan Enterobacter aerogenes terhadap sefepim, Staphylococcus aureus terhadap eritromisin, lainnya turun atau menetap. Berdasarkan perbandingan dengan hasil uji resistensi di negara-negara lain ditemukan beberapa perbedaan. Perbedaan ini dapat terjadi karena berbagai hal dan dipengaruhi berbagai faktor. Harus dilakukan upaya-upaya pengendalian infeksi nosokomial dan pencegahan resistensi dengan berbagai strategi. ...... Nosocomial infection or infection associated with or derived from hospital is still a problem in Indonesia and around the world. More than 20% nosocomial infection occurred in the ICU. Nosocomial infection will increase cost, mortality rate, length of stay and cost. Resistance against antibiotics has also become a problem in controlling nosocomial infection. Knowledge about bacterial pattern in ICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo national General Hospital and its resistance pattern will help in determining the appropriate treatment for nosocomial infection. The study design is cross-sectional and using secondary data obtained from bacteria isolated from ICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo national General Hospital during 2003-2006. The data is then divided into two periods, 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. The highest numbers of microbes found were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(31), Klebsiella pneumoniae(29), Acinetobacter anitratus(21), Staphylococcus aureus(19) and Enterobacter aerogenes(18). In both period the big five bacterias are the same, but in a different order. Increased percentage of resistance is shown in Pseudomonas aeruginosa against ticarcillin, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter anitratus and Enterobacter aerogenes against cefepime, and Staphylococcus aureus against erythromycin, other shows decreased or constant percentage. Comparison of the resistance pattern with study in other countries show some differences. There are various reasons and factors that may affect this outcome. Efforts must be made on controlling nosocomial infection and prevent resistance againsts antibiotics through various strategies.

Abstrak :
Bennett &​ Brachman Hospital Infections has been an influential textbook on nosocomial infections for over 30 years. This book provides readers with the latest information in the field of healthcare epidemiology and hospital accumulated infections prevention and control.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Cuci tangan merupakan salah satu metode yang efektif dalam mengurangi resiko terjadinya infeksi nosokomial di rumah sakit. Salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan angka penyebaran infeksi nosokomial adalah pengunjung. Penelitian terkait pengetahuan dan perilaku pengunjung dalam mencuci tangan masih sedikit. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku pengunjung dalam hal mencuci tangan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 94 responden dan dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari kuesioner pengetahuan pengunjung tentang cuci tangan dan lembar observasi perilaku cuci tangan. Hasil Uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan perilaku pengunjng dalam hal cuci tangan (p = 0,445 ; α = 0,05). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya pemberian informasi dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran pengunjung dalam cuci tangan di rumah sakit.

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ABSTRAK
Handhygiene is one of the effective methods in reducing the risk of nosocomial infections in hospitals. One of the factors that can lead to the increasing number of nosocomial infections is visitors. Research related to knowledge and handhygiene behavior of visitors is still rare. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the correlation between knowledge and behavior of handhygiene visitors in terms of handhygiene. This research involved 94 respondents and conducted using consecutive sampling technique. The research instrument consists of a questionnaire about the knowledge of visitors? handhygiene and handhygiene?s behavior observation sheet. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results showed that no significant correlation between the level of knowledge and visitor?s behavior in hamdhygiene (p = 0.445; α = 0.05). The study recommnds the important of providing information to improve knowledge and awareness of visitors in handhygiene in hospitals.

Abstrak :
Intensive care is a rapidly changing area of medicine, and after four years from the 2nd edition the volume editors and authors have deemed necessary to update it. In the recent years, in fact, five new randomised controlled trials and five new meta-analyses demonstrate that selective decontamination of the digestive tract [SDD] is an antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent severe infections of not only lower airways but also of blood. Additionally, SDD has been shown to reduce inflammation including multiple organ failure and mortality. An intriguing observation is the evidence that SDD using parenteral and enteral antimicrobials reduces rather than increases antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, a new chapter on microcirculation had been added.