"Latar belakang: Glukosa 6 fosfat dehidrogenase (G6PD) adalah enzim yang penting dalam metabolisme sel darah merah, khususnya jalur pentose fosfat, yang merupakan jalur metabolik utama untuk melindungi sel darah merah dari kerusakan akibat stres oksidatif. Defisiensi G6PD (dG6PD) disebabkan oleh mutasi pada gen G6PD yang terletak di kromosom X, menyebabkan aktivitas enzim yang rendah dan berdampak pada sel darah merah yang lebih rentan terhadap hemolisis akibat stres oksidatif. Di sisi lain, dG6PD diketahui memberikan proteksi terhadap malaria, yang mendasari hipotesis bahwa seleksi alam akibat malaria berkontribusi pada distribusi dG6PD yang umum ditemukan di daerah endemis atau pernah endemis malaria. Peran proteksi ini telah dilaporkan oleh beberapa penelitian di berbagai wilayah termasuk Afrika, Mediterania, dan Asia Tenggara, namun hasilnya masih berbeda-beda. Meskipun demikian, data mengenai hubungan status G6PD dan prevalensi malaria di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status G6PD terhadap prevalensi malaria di daerah tersebut.
Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini menggunakan data sekunder tahun 2023 dari penelitian yang lebih besar, yaitu Short Course Primaquine for The Radical Cure of P. vivax (SCOPE) di Puskesmas Hanura, Kabupaten Pesawaran, Provinsi Lampung. Parasit malaria dideteksi menggunakan mikroskop, sedangkan status G6PD menggunakan SD Biosensor STANDARD G6PD. Analisa statistik mengenai hubungan status G6PD dengan prevalensi malaria dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan variabel lainnya yaitu jenis kelamin dan usia menggunakan logistik regresi.
Hasil: Sebanyak 200 subjek dengan demam dan riwayat demam 48 jam terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Prevalensi malaria ditemukan sebesar 14,5% dan didominasi oleh infeksi P. vivax (96,5%), diikuti P. falciparum (3,5%). Berdasarkan status G6PD, didapatkan prevalensi defisiensi G6PD sebesar 4%, G6PD intermediet 7%, dan G6PD normal 89%. Saat dilakukan analisis multivariat, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara status G6PD dan prevalensi malaria (aOR & IK 95%: 0,913; 0,188–4,430, p=0,910), namun ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dan prevalensi malaria, dengan laki-laki lebih berpeluang terinfeksi malaria daripada perempuan (aOR & IK 95%: 3,524; 1,397–8,894, p=0.008).
Kesimpulan: Walaupun penelitian potong lintang ini tidak dapat membuktikan bahwa dG6PD protektif terhadap infeksi P. vivax, diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel lebih banyak atau menggunakan desain studi yang berbeda untuk mendukung temuan tersebut.
Background: Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme important in red blood cell metabolism, particularly the pentose phosphate pathway, which is a key metabolic pathway to protect red blood cells from oxidative stress damage. G6PD deficiency (G6PDd) is caused by mutations in the G6PD gene located on the X chromosome, leading to low enzyme activity and resulting in red blood cells that are more susceptible to oxidative stress-induced haemolysis. On the other hand, G6PDd is known to confer protection against malaria, underlying the hypothesis that malaria-induced natural selection contributes to the common distribution of G6PDd in malaria endemic or formerly endemic areas. This protective role has been reported by several studies in various regions including Africa, the Mediterranean and Southeast Asia, but the results are still vary. However, data on the relationship between G6PD status and malaria prevalence in Indonesia is still limited. This study aims to determine the relationship between G6PD status and malaria prevalence in the region.Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data for 2023 from a larger study, namely Short Course Primaquine for the Radical Cure of P. vivax (SCOPE) at Puskesmas Hanura, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. Malaria parasites were detected using microscopy, while G6PD status used SD Biosensor STANDARD G6PD. Statistical analysis of the relationship between G6PD status and malaria prevalence was conducted by considering other variables such as sex and age using logistic regression.Result: A total of 200 subjects with fever and a 48-hour history of fever were involved in this study. The prevalence of malaria was found to be 14.5% and dominated by P. vivax infection (96.5%), followed by P. falciparum (3.5%). Based on G6PD status, the prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 4%, G6PD intermediates 7%, and normal G6PD 89%. When multivariate analysis was conducted, no significant association was found between G6PD status and malaria prevalence (aOR & 95% CI: 0.913; 0.188-4.430, p=0.910), but a significant association was found between gender and malaria prevalence, with males more likely to be infected with malaria than females (aOR & 95% CI: 3.524; 1.397-8.894, p=0.008).Permintaan makanan halal di Indonesia terus meningkat seiring tumbuhnya kesadaran konsumen Muslim, termasuk pada Chinese food yang populer namun masih menghadapi tantangan kehalalan. Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku pembelian halal Chinese food dengan menggunakan model Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) yang diperluas untuk memahami perilaku konsumen Milenial dan Gen Z. Data diperoleh melalui survei online dengan self-administered questionnaire dan dianalisis menggunakan PLS-SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perceived behavioral control berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap attitude dan purchase behavior, namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap purchase intention. Sementara itu, attitude, subjective norms, dan trust memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap purchase intention. Meskipun trust tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap attitude, variabel religiosity, subjective norms, trust, dan halal awareness tetap memberikan pengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap attitude. Selain itu, halal certificate juga memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap trust. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya faktor psikologis dan nilai keagamaan dalam memengaruhi keputusan konsumen terhadap produk halal, khususnya pada kategori halal Chinese food di Indonesia.
The demand for halal food in Indonesia continues to increase along with the growing awareness among Muslim consumers, including for Chinese food, which remains popular but still faces challenges regarding halal compliance. This study analyzes the factors influencing the purchase behavior of halal Chinese food by using an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model to understand the behavior of Millennial and Gen Z consumers. Data were collected through an online survey using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results show that perceived behavioral control has a significant and positive effect on attitude and purchase behavior, but does not have a significant effect on purchase intention. Meanwhile, attitude, subjective norms, and trust have a significant and positive effect on purchase intention. Although trust does not significantly influence attitude, variables such as religiosity, subjective norms, trust, and halal awareness still have a significant and positive effect on attitude. In addition, halal certification also has a significant and positive effect on trust. These findings highlight the importance of psychological factors and religious values in influencing consumer decisions regarding halal products, particularly in the category of halal Chinese food in Indonesia."
Jakarta: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2025
