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"Fokus penelitian ini adalah analisa kepemimpinan dan peran para kiai dalam penyelesaian konflik di Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB). Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena ketertarikan penulis terhadap fenomena Kiai dalam dunia politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengambil informan dari lima belas orang anggota para Kiai dari Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB). Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terjadi perubahan posisi dan peran kiai dalam konflik PKB. Semula keberadaan kiai dan ulama dalam struktur partai maupun di luar partai ditempatkan sebagai sumber rujukan untuk pengambilan kebijakan strategis partai dan menjadi mediator dalam penyelesaian persoalan di internal maupun eksternal partai sekaligus sebagai perekat keutuhan partai.

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The focus of this study is to analyze the role of kiai leadership and conflict resolution in the Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa ( PKB ). This research is motivated by their interest Kiai author of the phenomenon in the world of politics . This study used qualitative methods to take the informant of the fifteen members of the Kiai of the Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa ( PKB ). Results of this study concluded that a change in the position and role in the conflict kiai of PKB Originally existence kiai and scholars in the party structure and outside the party placed as a reference source for strategic decision making parties and be a mediator in the settlement of internal and external problems in the party as well as adhesive party unity"

"Why have some former enemy countries established durable peace while others remain mired in animosity? When and how does historical memory matter in post-conflict interstate relations? Focusing on two case studies, Yinan He argues that the key to interstate reconciliation is the harmonization of national memories. Conversely, memory divergence resulting from national mythmaking harms long-term prospects for reconciliation. After WWII, Sino-Japanese and West German-Polish relations were both antagonized by the Cold War structure, and pernicious myths prevailed in national collective memory. In the 1970s, China and Japan brushed aside historical legacy for immediate diplomatic normalization. But the progress of reconciliation was soon impeded from the 1980s by elite mythmaking practices that stressed historical animosities. Conversely, from the 1970s West Germany and Poland began to de-mythify war history and narrowed their memory gap through restitution measures and textbook cooperation, paving the way for significant progress toward reconciliation after the Cold War."