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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Penelitian mengenai lichen dilakukan di lingkungan kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok pada Agustus 2015 -- Januari 2016. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan struktur komunitas lichen di Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Tujuh plot 25 x 25 m dibuat di hutan kota dan sembilan garis transek masing-masing sepanjang 50 m dibuat di jalan utama kampus. Lima pohon dipilih pada setiap titik plot dan transek garis sebagai sampel. Sampel diambil dari pohon dengan DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) minimal 20 cm dengan jaring plastik 10 cm x 10 cm yang melekat di utara, selatan, timur, dan barat sisi batang pohon. Jaring plastik dibagi menjadi 100 kotak persegi, kemudian ditempel pada pohon dengan ketinggian yang berbeda (0 cm -- 100 cm dan 100 cm -- 200 cm) dari permukaan tanah. Hasilnya diperoleh tiga famili lichen yang ditemukan di hutan kota yaitu, Leprariaceae, Sarrameanaceae dan Physciaceae dan lima famili lichen di jalan utama kampus yaitu, Sarrameanaceae, Parmeliaceae, Leprariaceae, Graphidaceae dan Physciaceae. Kesamaan famili lichen antara hutan kota dan jalan utama kampus berdasarkan Indeks Sorenson sebesar 75%. Famili Leprariaceae adalah famili yang dominan di hutan kota, sementara Sarrameanaceae adalah famili yang dominan di jalan utama kampus. Keragaman lichen kedua lokasi dikategorikan sedang berdasarkan Indeks Shannon Wiener (H '1--3), namun tidak ada yang berbeda secara signifikan di antara kedua tempat tersebut. Famili Leprariaceae memiliki frekuensi kehadiran tertinggi pada pohon inang yaitu pohon daruak (Microcos tomentosa) sebesar 7,5%. Berdasarkan uji asosiasi (x2) antara tekstur kulit pohon dengan lichen menunjukkan asosiasi positif antara tekstur kulit pohon dengan lichen. Kehadiran famili Sarrameanaceae, Leprariaceae, Graphidaceae dan Physciaceae dipengaruhi oleh tekstur kulit pohon inang sedikit kasar.

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ABSTRACT Research on lichens was conducted at the Universitas Indonesia, Depok on August 2015 -- January 2016. The aim of this research is to determine community structur of lichen at the Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Seven plots of 25 x 25 m2 were made at the urban forest, while nine of 50 m line transect were made at the main road. Five trees of each plots and line transect were sampled. The samples were taken from trees with DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) minimum 20 cm then the grid 10 cm x 10 cm were attached at northern, southern, eastern, and western site of the trunk. The grid was divided into 100 square, then attached on trees in different height (0 cm - 100 cm and 100 cm - 200 cm) from the land surface. The result obtained three family of lichens were found in urban forest, they are Leprariaceae, Sarrameanaceae and Physciaceae. Five family were found at the main road, they were Sarrameanaceae, Parmeliaceae, Leprariaceae, Graphidaceae and Physciaceae. The similarity of lichens family between the urban forest and main road based on Sorenson similarity were high 75%. Family Leprariaceae was the dominant family at the urban forest, while Sarrameanaceae was dominant family at the main road. The diversity of lichen at both sites were categorized medium based on Shannon Wiener index (H? 1--3), however there was not significantly different between those place. Family Leprariaceae was the highest frequency of present on daruak (Microcos tomentosa) host tree, that was 7,5%. Based association test (x2) between the texture of tree bark with lichen, shows that positive association between the texture of tree bark with lichen,the presence of Sarrameanaceae, Leprariaceae, Graphidaceae and Physciaceae family is influenced by bark slightly rough.

Abstrak :

Penelitian mengenai struktur komunitas fitoplankton di perairan Danau Sunter Selatan, Jakarta Utara telah dilakukan pada bulan April – Mei 2019. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas fitoplankton seperti menghitung indeks kelimpahan, keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dominansi, dan saprobik (pencemaraan air). Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan mengambil sampel secara horizontal dan vertikal pada bagian permukaan tiga stasiun (inlet, midlet, dan outlet), selama dua kali pada tanggal 3 dan 21 April 2019. Struktur komunitas fitoplankton di analisis berdasarkan kelimpahan, indeks keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dominansi dan saprobik (pencemaraan air). Keanekaragaman fitoplankton di perairan Danau Sunter Selatan, Jakarta Utara ditemukan 4 kelas dari 12 marga fitoplankton. Fitoplankton terdiri dari Bacillariophyceae (Chaetoceros, Pinnularia, Synedra), Chlorophyceae (Closterium, Cosmarium, Staurastrum, Oocytis, Scenedesmus, Pediastrum) Cyanophyceae (Microcystis, Tetraedron), Euglenophyceae (Euglena). Berdasarkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman fitoplankton secara horizontal dan vertikal berkisar 1,494 - 1,717 dikategorikan tingkat keanekaragaman sedang, indeks kemerataan berkisar 0,701 – 0,764 dikategorikan cukup sampai hampir merata, dan indeks dominansi berkisar 0,238 – 0283 dikategorikan tidak adanya dominasi marga tertentu di perairan Danau Sunter Selatan, Jakarta Utara. Indeks saprobik atau pencemaran air pada setiap stasiun berkisar 0,066 – 0,366 hal tersebut menunjukan perairan Danau Sunter Selatan, Jakarta Utara tercemar sedang, dimungkinkan karena pembuangan sampah dari kegiatan diarea danau.

 

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Research on community structure of phytoplankton in Danau Sunter Selatan, North Jakarta was conducted in April - May 2019. The purpose of this research was to specify the community structure of phytoplankton such as abundance, diversity index, equitability, dominance, and saprobic index (water pollution). The research method used was taking samples horizontally and vertically on the surface of three stations (inlet, midlet, and outlet), for two times on 3^rd and 21^th of April 2019. The community structure of phytoplankton was analyzed based on abundance, diversity index, equitability, dominance, and saprobic index (water pollution). For the diversity of phytoplankton in Danau Sunter Selatan, 4 classes of 12 phytoplankton genera were found. Phytoplankton consists of Bacillariophyceae (Chaetoceros, Pinnularia, Synedra), Chlorophyceae (Closterium, Cosmarium, Staurastrum, Oocytis, Scenedesmus, Pediastrum), Cyanophyceae (Microcystis, Tetraedron), and Euglenophyceae (Euglena). The phytoplankton diversity index by horizontal and vertical method, ranged from 1,494 - 1,717 categorized as moderate diversity index, equitability index ranged from 0.701 - 0.764 categorized as sufficient to almost even, and dominance index ranged from 0,238 – 0283, categorized as no predominance of certain genera in Danau Sunter Selatan. The saprobic index or water pollution at each station ranged from 0,066 – 0,336, indicated that the waters of Danau Sunter Selatan, North Jakarta, are moderately polluted, which may be caused by garbage disposal from activities in the lake area.