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Abstrak :
Koalisi dan oposisi sebagai bagian pemerintahan di Indonesia dapat memiliki hubungan dengan kinerja keuangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji secara empiris mengenai peran koalisi dan oposisi politik di pemerintahan yaitu Kota/ Kabupaten. Jumlah sampel yang diambil adalah 429 Kota/ Kabupaten selama 2 tahun (2015-2016). Total observasi adalah 858. Semua sampel dari Indonesia. Pengukuran penelitian menggunakan regresi (panel data). Kinerja Keuangan diukur dari proporsi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dibagi dengan total aset. Koalisi politik diukur dari jumlah anggota koalisi DPRD (berasal dari partai yang sama dengan Bupati/ Walikota) dibagi total anggota DPRD. Oposisi adalah pemenang dari partai kedua (oposisi) dibagi dengan jumlah anggota DPRD. Penelitian ini menggunakan koalisi dan oposisi politik yang ditinjau dari Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD). Data penelitian dari LKPD, KPU, Jariungu dan BPS 2015-2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koalisi politik tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa, DPRD berusaha tetap menjalankan kegiatannya sesuai dengan aturan Undang-Undang. Koalisi DPRD menjalankan kegiatannya sesuai dengan aturan dan tidak hanya mementingkan posisinya di partai saja, hal ini terbukti pada beberapa kota di Indonesia yang tetap memiliki kinerja keuangan yang baik walaupun dikuasai koalisi. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa oposisi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh jumlah oposisi yang relatif lebih sedikit dibandingkan jumlah koalisi. Ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur DPRD tidak secara langsung memiliki hubungan dengan kinerja keuangan pemerintah daerah. ......Coalition and opposition as part of government in Indonesia can have a relationship with financial performance. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the role of coalition and political opposition in government, namely the City/Regency. The number of samples taken was 429 cities/districts for 2 years (2015-2016). Total observations were 858. All samples were from Indonesia. Measurement of research using regression (panel data). Financial Performance is measured by the proportion of Local Own Revenue (PAD) divided by total assets. Political coalitions are measured by the number of DPRD coalition members (from the same party as the Bupati/Walikota) divided by the total DPRD members. The opposition is the winner of the second party (the opposition) divided by the number of DPRD members. This study uses a coalition and political opposition in terms of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD). Research data from LKPD, KPU, Jariungu and BPS 2015-2016. The results showed that political coalition had no effect on financial performance. This can be interpreted that the DPRD is trying to keep running its activities in accordance with the provisions of the Act. The DPRD Coalition carries out its activities according to the rules and not only prioritizes its position in the party, this is evident in several cities in Indonesia that still have good financial performance even though controlled by the coalition. This study also found that opposition had no effect on financial performance. This can be caused by the relatively smaller amount of opposition compared to the number of coalitions. The results of this study indicate that the structure of the DPRD does not directly have a relationship with the financial performance of local governments.

Abstrak :
Di Indonesia, dalam suasana yang demokratis, pemerintahan koalisi ditemui dalam semua sistem pemerintahan yang pernah berlaku. Realitas koalisi di Indonesia menunjukkan berbagai masalah baik dalam pembentukkannya maupun pengelolaannya, masalah yang dihadapi telah mengancam bahkan merusak stabilitas pemerintahan. Dalam pemerintahan yang dibentuk berdasar koalisi, potensi instabilitas memang lebih tinggi. Praktik penerapan koalisi di negara-negara bersistem parlementer di Eropa Barat menunjukkan bahwa stabilitas pemerintahan dijaga melalui aturan-aturan hukum yang memagari setiap tahapan pemerintahan. Proses politik yang terjadi dalam pembentukan dan mekanisme berlangsungnya koalisi sangat terpengaruh kepada aturan yang berlaku. Negara-negara bersistem presidensial di Amerika Latin juga menghadapi masalah ancaman stabilitas pemerintahan akibat dari dinamika koalisi yang tinggi. Di sistem presidensial Amerika Latin, aturan hukum menjadi alat untuk mendesain suasana yang kondusif bagi pembentukan dan pengelolaan koalisi dalam rangka menjaga stabilitas pemerintahan. Praktik pemerintahan koalisi sepanjang sejarah ketatanegaraan Indonesia dan Praktik pengaturan terkait koalisi di negara-negara parlementer Eropa Barat serta negara-negara presidensial di Amerika Latin digunakan oleh penelitian normatif ini sebagai bahan pendekatan sejarah (historical approach) dan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Kedua pendekatan ini digunakan untuk mendapatkan jawaban bagi stabilitas pemerintahan dalam pembentukan dan pengelolaan pemerintahan koalisi di sistem presidensial Indonesia berdasar UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Desain aturan hukum untuk menjaga stabilitas pemerintahan koalisi yang terbentuk di Indonesia memperhitungkan realitas sistem kepartaian dan pemerintahan di Indonesia, karakter sistem presidensial dan perkembangan sistem parlementer dalam menjaga stabilitas sebagai tempat berasalnya konsep pemerintahan koalisi. Desain untuk stabilitas tersebut antara lain didapat dari penggabungan pemilihan umum serentak dengan sistem pemilihan presiden plurality atau majority with reduced threshold, pelembagaan koalisi pemerintahan yang sejajar dengan koalisi legislatif, dan penggunaan kekuasaan konstitusional presiden di bidang legislatif sebagai instrumen untuk membangun dan mengelola koalisi pemerintahan. ......In Indonesia, in a democratic atmosphere, the coalition government is found in every government systems ever applied. In the era of parliamentary government, a coalition government is inevitable due to the fact that the parliament was fragmented so that no single party held an absolute majority of the seats. In the era of presidential government, a coalition government is also an option for the elected president even tough coalition was not the source of legitimacy for the ruling government. President who ruled in a highly fragmented multiparty situation chose to form a coalition to ensure the stability of the government. In reality, coalition in Indonesia showed various problems both in terms of the establishment and management. Problems encountered have threatened and even destabilized the government. In a government established under coalition, government stability is is likely to have more problems. Coalition practiced in countries applying parliamentary system in Western Europe show that government stability is maintained through legal rules that hedged every stage of governance. Political processes that occur in the establishment and the mechanism of coalition course are greatly affected by the prevailing rules. Latin American countries applying presidential system also face threats in the government stability due to the high dynamics of the coalition, just like the case in Western Europe. It can be seen on their experience designing a coalition through prevailing rules and laws. Coalition practiced by the government throughout the history of Indonesia and ruling practices in relations to coalitions in Western European countries applying the parliamentary system and Latin American countries applying the presidential system are used by these normative research as a source of historical approach and comparative approach. Both of these approaches are used to get an answer to the stability of the government in establishing and managing a coalition government in Indonesia’s presidential system based on Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution. Legal rulings designed to maintain the stability of the coalition government, take the reality of the party system and the Indonesian government, the characteristics of the presidential system and the development of parliamentary system into account in maintaining stability as the source of the concept of a coalition government. Designs to create the stability are among others received by combining simultaneous election with plurality presidential election or majority presidential election with reduced threshold, government coalition institutionalization parallel to legislative coalition, employment president’s legislative constitutional power as an instrument to form and manage the government coalition.

Abstrak :
Notes: The authors look beyond party cohesion and discipline in parliamentary democracies to take a broader view, assuming a diversity of preferences among party members and then exploring the incentives that give rise to coordinated party behaviour at the electoral, legislative and executive levels. The chapters in this book share a common analytical framework, confronting theoretical models of government formation with empirical data, some drawn from cross-national analyses and others from theoretically structured case studies. A distinctive feature of the book is that it explores the impact of intra-party politics at different levels of government: national, local and EU. This offers the opportunity to investigate existing theories of coalition formation in new political settings. Finally, the book offers a range of innovative methods for investigating intra-party politics which, for example, creates a need to estimate the policy positions of individual politicians inside political parties.