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Abstrak :
Modern technology for refrigerators and coolers is based on the chemical gas Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compression method that is indicative of a high consumption of electricity. The CFC is also understood as a reason for global warming. One of the solutions to this issue is magnetic refrigeration technology, which is environmentally friendly because it does not use any hazardous chemicals or ozone depleting/greenhouse gases. Magnetic refrigeration technology is based on the magnetocaloric effect of magnetic refrigerant materials. Exploring the magnetocaloric effect of magnetic refrigerant materials is important because these contain many of the physical properties needed for magnetic refrigeration technology. Herein, the present work reports on the magnetocaloric effect of La0.7Ca0.3Mn1?xSnxO3 (x = 0.0, x = 0.02 and x = 0.04) compound samples produced with the solid state reaction technique. Curie temperature TC obtained for the La0.7Ca0.3Mn1?xSnxO3 (x = 0.0, x = 0.02 and x = 0.04) are 260 K, 176 K and 170 K with -?SM max of 4.32 J×kg-1×K-1, 1.61 J×kg-1×K-1 and 1.24 J×kg-1×K-1 and a refrigerant capacity of 48 J/kg, 41.43 J/kg and 28.53 J/kg for x = 0.0, x = 0.02 and x = 0.04, respectively. A small addition of Sn-doped resulted in a significant decrease of more than 80 K on the Curie temperature scale compared to that of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. The large gap in the decreasing magnetic temperature phase transition might be useful as an option of metal/transition metal doped for tuning the Curie temperature of magnetic refrigerant materials.

Abstrak :
Hydro-chlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) sebagai pengganti CFC masih memiliki nilai potensi merusak ozon dan potensi pemanasan global, sehlngga Protokol Montreal memutuskan untuk mempercepat jadwal penghapusan konsumsi HCFC bagi seluruh negara pihak termasuk Indonesia. Tesis ini membahas bagaimana strategi industri manufaktur sektor refhgerasi dan foam serta pemerintah dalam merespon ketentuan Protokol Montreat Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif, SWOT dan AHP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan telah tersedianya perangkat kebUakan penghapusan BPO w.:tlaupun beh.un mengatur secara rinci pengendalian importasi dt::n penggunaan HCFC. Sebagian besar industri manuf.aktur sektor refrigerasi dan foam memiliki rencana untuk mengganti penggunaan HCFC dengan mempertimbangkan ketersediaan dana dan teknisi, tetapi belum dapat menentukan jenis bahan alternatif pengganti HCFC. Faktor yang dinilai paling penting dalam mendukung upaya penghapusan HCFC adalah adanya kebijakan pemerintah tentang pembebasan bea masuk untuk teknologi ramah lingkungan. Pihak pemangku kepentingan yang dinilai memiliki peran paling penting untuk mencapai target pengbapusan HCFC adalab Kementecian Perindustrian. Prioritas strategi berdasarkan bobot kepentingan secara berurutan adalah mempromosikan produk non-HCFC, program kerjasama pendanaan, peningkatan kapasitas SDM, penetapan jadwal pelarangan penggunaan HCFC di industri manufaktur, program insentif, pembatasan impor. ......Hydrochlorofluorocarbnn (HCFCs) as substitute for CFC still has ozone depletion potential and global waning potential, so that the Montreal Protocol decided to accelerate schedule of HCFC phase-out, binding to all parties including Indonesia. This study focuses on how the strategy of refrigeration and foam manufacturing sectors and government in responding to the provisions of the Montreal Protocol. This research is quantitative study using descriptive, SVWOT and AHP analysis. Results of this study showed that ODS phase-out policy tools is in place, although importation and use of HCFCs control has note gulated refrigeration and foam manufacturing sector has a plan to replace use of HCFCs by considering the availability of funds and technicians, but has not been able to determine the HCFC alternatives, The most important factor to support the HCFCs phase out is the presence of government policy on import duty exemption for environmental friendly technologies. Ministry of Industry is considered to have the most important role to achieve the target of HCFCs phase-out. Weighted priority strategy as sequenced is to promote non HCFC funding partnership program, capacity building of human resources, establishing schedule banning use of HCFCs in manufacturing industry, incentive programs restriction on imports of HCFCs. ODS phase out policies need to be improved by including a detailed HCFC control settings.