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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini tentang representasi identitas diaspora Tionghoa dalam dua film, yaitu The Journey (Malaysia) dan Ngenest (Indonesia). Peran diaspora Tionghoa sejak awal kehadiran film di kedua negara (akhir 1920-an) sangat signifikan. Akan tetapi, sejak periode akhir 1960-an hingga tahun 2000, peran itu dan tema ketionghoaan berkurang sangat drastis akibat dari kebijakan politik kedua negara terhadap diaspora Tionghoa. Baru setelah tahun 2000-an, seiring perubahan politik di Indonesia dan ketersediaan teknologi dalam pembuatan film di Malaysia, film bertema ketionghoaan kembali hadir di kedua negara. The Journey (2014) dan Ngenest (2015) diproduksi pada era setelah tahun 2010-an, dan disutradarai oleh diaspora Tionghoa. Menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini melakukan analisis mendalam terhadap unsur-unsur pembentuk kedua film, yaitu unsur naratif dan unsur sinematik. Konsep representasi dan identitas dari Stuart Hall digunakan sebagai kerangka teoritis dalam penelitian ini untuk memahami representasi identitas diaspora Tionghoa dalam kedua film dari dua negara ini. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa kedua film sama-sama merepsentasikan hal- hal berikut, namun dengan cara yang berbeda, yaitu: 1) tradisi adalah bagian dari penanda identitas diaspora Tionghoa; 2) dinamika identitas yaitu berupa tegangan antara tradisi dengan modernitas (The Journey) dan antara ketionghoaan dengan pandangan diskriminatif terhadapnya (Ngenest); 3) ketidakadaan relasi dengan Tiongkok sebagai negara secara politis. Representasi identitas diaspora Tionghoa di dalam kedua film sangat berbeda karena tidak terlepas dari perbedaan sosial, budaya, dan politik identitas terhadap diaspora Tionghoa di kedua negara tersebut. Masing-masing tokoh utama dalam kedua film merepresentasikan bagaimana identitas diaspora Tionghoa berada dalam kondisi “being” dan “becoming” dalam konteks konsep identitas dari Stuart Hall, yaitu identitas adalah a matter of “becoming” as well as of “being”. ......This research is about the representation of the Chinese diaspora‟s identity in two different films, The Journey (Malaysia) and Ngenest (Indonesia). Since the late 1920s, when the cinema has just started to be introduced in both countries, the contributions of the Chinese diaspora has been very significant. However, from the late 1960s to 2000, there has been a decline in the participation of the Chinese diaspora in the cinema which results in the decline of Chinese-themed films. This phenomenon was a result of the two countries' political policies towards the Chinese diaspora. It was only after the 2000s, along with political changes in Indonesia and the availability of technology in filmmaking in Malaysia, that Chinese-themed films returned to both countries. The Journey (2014) and Ngenest (2015) were produced in the post-2010s era, and were directed by the Chinese diaspora. Using qualitative methods, this research conducts an in-depth analysis of the elements of the two films, which are the narrative elements and cinematic elements. Stuart Hall's concept of representation and identity was used as a theoretical framework to understand the representation of Chinese diaspora identity in the two films from these two countries. The findings of this study are that both films represent the followings: 1) tradition is part of the identity marker of the Chinese diaspora; 2) the dynamics of identity in the form of tension between tradition and modernity (The Journey) and between Chinese and discriminatory views against it (Ngenest); 3) the absence of relations with China as a country politically. However, there were differences in how those things were represented. The different representations were related with the differences in terms of social, cultural, and identity politics of the Chinese diaspora in both countries. Using Stuart Hall‟s concept of identity, it can be seen that each of the main characters in both films represents how the identity of the Chinese diaspora is in a state of "being" and "becoming".

Abstrak :
Studi ini fokus pada mode hubungan diaspora Peranakan Tionghoa di Lasem dengan referent-origin-nya serta konsepsi mereka mengenai referent-origin dan Peranakan Tionghoa. Dalam banyak studi, masih berkembang anggapan bahwa etnis Tionghoa memiliki nasionalisme keindonesiaan yang rendah karena loyalitas mereka ke tanah asalnya. Ironisnya, persepsi itu masih bertahan sampai dua dekade pasca-reformasi. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Peranakan Tionghoa mendefinisikan Tiongkok sebagai rujukan asal bagi etnis Tionghoa. Studi ini menggunakan konsep diaspora karena mampu menjelaskan berbagai pola migrasi dan mode hubungan masyarakat diaspora dengan asal rujukannya. Studi ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan mengangkat studi kasus masyarakat diaspora Tionghoa di Lasem, Rembang, Jawa Tengah. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumen. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa mode hubungan diaspora Tionghoa dengan referent-origin menempatkan Tiongkok sebatas pada rujukan budaya Tionghoa karena pembatasan pada kebudayaan Tionghoa selama orde baru telah memutus hubungan Diaspora Tionghoa dengan Tiongkok sebagai negara atau homeland. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa referent-origin bekerja dalam aktivitas peranakan Tionghoa dalam melestarikan berbagai warisan kebudayaan leluhurnya. Era kemajuan teknologi informasi dan transportasi membuat mode hubungan masyarakat Tionghoa dengan referent-origin nya semakin terbuka. Diaspora Tionghoa di Lasem yang berasal dari berbagai gelombang dan pola migrasi mengembangkan berbagai mode hubungan dengan referent-origin, mulai dari mode antagonistic, centroperipheral, hingga mode enclaved, dan atopic dimana kolektivitas Peranakan Tionghoa menggunakan kepercayaan pada referent-origin yang sama sebagai pusat budaya Tionghoa untuk saling mengenal diantara Peranakan Tionghoa lainnya tanpa ada upaya yang diarahkan ke negara asal, Tiongkok ......This study focuses on the modes of relationship between the Peranakan Chinese diaspora in Lasem and their referent-origin as well as their conceptions of referent-origin and Peranakan Chinese. Previous studies show that there is still a growing assumption that ethnic Chinese have low Indonesian nationalism because of their loyalty to their homeland. Ironically, this perception still persists for two decades after the reformation. This thesis aims to explain how Peranakan Tionghoa define China as the referent-origin for Chinese. This study uses the concept of diaspora because it is able to explain various patterns of migration and modes of diaspora community relations to the referent-origin. This study is a qualitative research with a case study of the Chinese diaspora in Lasem, Rembang, Central Java. Methods of data collection are carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and document study. This study argues that the mode of relations between the Chinese diaspora and referent-origin places China only as a reference to Chinese culture because restrictions on Chinese culture during the New Order have severed the relationship between the Chinese Diaspora and China as a country or homeland. The results of this study indicate that the referent-origin works in peranakan Chinese activities in preserving various cultural heritage of their ancestors. The era of advances in information, technology and transportation has made the mode of relations between Chinese and their referent-origin more open. The Chinese diaspora in Lasem from various waves and migration patterns, developed various modes of relationship with referent-origin, ranging from antagonistic, centroperipheral, to enclaved, and atopic modes where the Peranakan Chinese collectivity used the belief in the same referent-origin as the center of Chinese culture to get to know each other among other Chinese Peranakans without any efforts directed at their home country, China.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Kedatangan Hwagyo ke Korea diprakarsai oleh empat puluh pedagang dari Dinasti Qing di akhir abad ke-19. Dinamika kehidupannya melewati banyak masa hingga sampai ke masa Park Chung Hee. Studi ini akan berfokus pada kehidupan Hwagyo di masa Park Chung Hee. Studi ini dimulai dari sejarah cikal bakal masyarakat Hwagyo di Korea. Kemudian, studi ini akan menampilkan corak umum pemerintahan Park Chung Hee beserta kebijakan-kebijakannya yang terasa diskriminatif bagi kaum Hwagyo di Korea. Studi ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari tahap heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Selain itu, studi ini juga menampilkan cuplikan wawancara terhadap kaum Hwagyo yang merasa terdiskriminasi oleh kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintahan Park Chung Hee.

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ABSTRACT
Hwagyo 39 s arrival to Korea was initiated by forty merchants from the Qing Dynasty at the end of the 19th century. The dynamics of their life went through time up to the time until Park Chung Hee rsquo s era. This study will focus on the life of Hwagyo in Park Chung Hee 39 s era. This study starts from the history of the Hwagyo in Korea. Later, this study will discuss about Park Chung Hee 39 s government and its discriminatory policies againts Hwagyo in Korea. This study uses historical methods consisting of heuristic stages, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. In addition, the study also features few interviews with Hwagyo who feel discriminated against by Park Chung Hee 39 s government policiesHwagyo 39 s arrival to Korea was initiated by forty merchants from the Qing Dynasty at the end of the 19th century. The dynamics of their life went through time up to the time until Park Chung Hee rsquo s era. This study will focus on the life of Hwagyo in Park Chung Hee 39 s era. This study starts from the history of the Hwagyo in Korea. Later, this study will discuss about Park Chung Hee 39 s government and its discriminatory policies againts Hwagyo in Korea. This study uses historical methods consisting of heuristic stages, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. In addition, the study also features few interviews with Hwagyo who feel discriminated against by Park Chung Hee 39's government policies.

Abstrak :
https://lib.ui.ac.id/unggah/skripsi/127258#:~:text=Diaspora%20Tionghoa%20merupakan,dalam%20Politik%20Global. ......The Chinese diaspora is one of the oldest and largest diaspora communities that are dispersed all over the globe. The Chinese Diaspora is widely perceived as a transnational actor who contributes significantly to the advancement of China's national interests. However, in reality China's approach to these communities is often different and seems inconsistent, both in policy and in the definition of the Chinese Diaspora itself. Therefore, this paper attempts to map out China's approach and view of the Chinese Diaspora from time to time, in particular region of Southeast Asia. This literature review uses a taxonomic method by reviewing 42 academic works that is categorized into three main themes: 1) global migration, 2) identity construction, and 3) China's foreign policy towards the Chinese Diaspora. The author then finds that not all existing literature views and portrays the Chinese Diaspora as an agent or instrument for China's foreign interests. In this case, the Chinese Diaspora is also seen as a multidimentional and diverse subject, and has its own experiences. The Chinese diaspora is then not always viewed as an actor, agent, or instrument for the interests of China or its host-society state in Global Politics.