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Abstrak :
Pengaruh penambahan emulsifier lesitin terhadap kestabilan campuran madu herbal madu minyak habbatussauda dan minyak zaitun telah diteliti Kestabilan campuran madu herbal diuji dengan dengan 4 macam cara yaitu sentrifugasi cycling test uji viskositas dan uji ukuran partikel Hasil uji sentrifugasi pada campuran madu herbal dengan konsentrasi lesitin di bawah 5 massa minyak tidak menunjukkan adanya pemisahan fasa Penambahan lesitin setelah batas tertentu akan meningkatkan viskositas campuran Penambahan lesitin sebesar 5 dari massa total minyak ke dalam campuran dengan konsentrasi minyak 7 5 memberikan viskositas yang minimum 4870 cp Cycling test dilakukan dalam refrigerator 4oC dan oven 40oC selama masing masing 24 jam sebanyak 3 kali Hasil cycling test tidak menunjukkan adanya kristalisasi ataupun pemisahan fasa Analisis PSA Particle Size Analyzer membuktikan bahwa penambahan lesitin menyebabkan pembesaran ukuran partikel Rata rata diameter partikel campuran madu herbal tanpa lesitin sebesar 6 3 mm sedangkan campuran madu herbal dengan lesitin sebanyak 1 dari total minyak adalah sebesar 4 67 mm Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan lesitin sebanyak 1 5 dari total massa minyak konsentrasi 7 5 10 dapat menghasilkan campuran yang stabil ......The influence of adding lecithin emulsifier on the stability of a mixture of herbal honey honey Black Seed oil and olive oil was examined Stability tested herbal honey mixture with 4 kinds of ways namely centrifugation cycling test viscosity test and the test particle size Centrifugation test results in a mixture of herbal honey with lecithin concentrations below 5 oil mass not show phase separation The addition of lecithin after a certain threshold will increase the viscosity of the mixture The addition of 5 lecithin total mass of oil into the mix with the oil concentration of 7 5 gives a minimum viscosity cp 4870 Cycling test performed at 4oC refrigerator and oven 40oC for 24 hours each 3 times Cycling test result does not indicate the availability of crystallization or phase separation Analysis of PSA Particle Size Analyzer showed that the addition of lecithin causes enlargement of the particle size The average particle diameter of herbal honey mixture without lecithin is 6 3 mm while herbal honey with lecithin mixture of 1 of the total oil is at a 4 67 mm From this study it can be concluded that the use of lecithin 1 5 of the total mass of oil concentration from 7 5 to 10 can produce stable mixtures

Abstrak :
Keberadaan logam kromium di lingkungan dapat memberikan dampak negatif, terutama dalam bentuk ion kromat [Cr(VI)] yang bersifat karsinogenik dan dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan pada kulit manusia. Ion imprinted polymer adalah material yang digunakan untuk menyerap ion kromat secara selektif. Pada studi ini dilakukan sintesis kromium-ion imprinted polymer menggunakan monomer 4-vinil piridin dan stirena dengan variasi pengikat silang etilen glikol dimetakrilat (EGDMA) dan metilen bis akrilamida (MBA) dan 2,2’– azobis isobutyronitrile (AIBN) sebagai inisiator. Proses polimerisasi pada studi ini menggunakan metode presipitasi dengan pendekatan kopolimerisasi rantai lurus. Langkah pertama pada studi ini yaitu melakukan preparasi kopolimer liniear dari 4-vinil piridin dan stirena. Langkah kedua, yaitu melakukan preparasi ion imprinted polymer dan non imprinted polymer sebagai pengontrol dimana digunakan ammonium dikromat dan metanol yang masing-masing berfungsi sebagai template dan pelarut. Proses pelepasan menggunakan HNO3 4 M terhadap hasil sintesis Cr2O7-IIP dilakukan untuk mengelusi ion Cr2O72-, sehingga didapatkan rongga spesifik (template) yang berfungsi sebagai situs pengenalan. Studi adsorpsi pada penelitian ini meliputi pengaruh volume, pH, konsentrasi dan waktu kontak yang diamati. Selanjutnya ditentukan isoterm adsorpsinya yang dilihat dari pengaruh konsentrasi. Pada studi ini digunakan FTIR, AAS dan SEM-EDX untuk karakterisasi. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR tidak ditemukan gugus vinil C=C hal ini menandakan bahwa proses polimerisasi telah berhasil. Untuk studi adsorpsi menggunakan AAS didapatkan hasil serapan dan kapasitas retensi maksimum yang lebih tinggi untuk ion imprinted polymer dibandingkan dengan non imprinted polymer dengan persen adsorpsi sebesar 26,15%untuk IIP dengan crosslinker EGDMA dan 57,59% dengan crosslinker MBA, sedangkan untuk NIP sebesar 16,81% dengan crosslinker EGDMA dan 15,36% dengan crosslinker MBA. Selanjutnya, dari karakterisasi menggunakan SEM-EDX dapat dilihat bahwa IIP sebelum leached mengandung komponen Cr yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan IIP setelah leached.

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The presence of metal chromium in the environment can has some negative impacts, especially in form of chromate [Cr (VI)] ion which is carcinogenic and can cause severe health problem. Ion imprinted polymer is a material that used to measure the concentration of chromium in purpose to studying the selective absorption chromate ion. In this study the synthesis of chromium-ion imprinted polymer is using 4-vinyl pyridine monomer and styrene with a variety of crosslinking of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and methylene bis acrylamide (MBA) and 2,2'- azobis isobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. Polymerization process in this study was using the method of precipitation with a straight chain copolymerization approach. The first step that we did in this study was prepare the linear copolymer of 4-vinyl pyridine and styrene. The next step that we do was prepare the ion imprinted polymer and non imprinted polymer as a controller which used ammonium dichromate and methanol, each of which serves as a template and a solvent. Leaching process using 4 M HNO3 performed on the results of the synthesis of Cr2O7-IIP conducted to elute ions Cr2O72-, so we get a specific cavity that serves as a recognition site. Adsorption studies of this research include the influence of the volume, pH, concentration and contact time were observed. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm determined viewed from the influence of the concentration. In this study FTIR, AAS and SEM-EDX are used for characterization. Based on the results of characterization using FTIR not found vinyl group C = C. It indicates that the polymerization process has succeeded. The results of adsorption studies using AAS have maximum retention capacity higher for ion imprinted polymer compared with non imprinted polymer with the percent adsorption of 26.15% for IIP with EGDMA and 57.59% with MBA, while for NIP 16.81% with EGDMA and 15.36% with MBA. Furthermore, the result characterization using SEM-EDX seen that IIP before leached contains higher Cr than the IIP after leached.

Abstrak :
This new handbook will be an essential resource for ceramicists. It includes contributions from leading researchers around the world and includes sections on basic science of advanced ceramics, functional ceramics (electro-ceramics and optoelectro-ceramics) and engineering ceramics.

Abstrak :
A smart coating is defined as one that changes its properties in response to an environmental stimulus. The Handbook of Smart Coatings for Materials Protection reviews the new generation of smart coatings for corrosion and other types of material protection. Part one explores the fundamentals of smart coatings for materials protection including types, materials, design, and processing. Chapters review corrosion processes and strategies for prevention, smart coatings for corrosion protection, techniques for synthesizing and applying smart coatings; multi-functional, self-healing coatings, and current and future trends of protective coatings for automotive, aerospace, and military applications. Chapters in part two focus on smart coatings with self-healing properties for corrosion protection, including self-healing anticorrosion coatings for structural and petrochemical engineering applications; smart self-healing coatings for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys and steel; smart nanocoatings for corrosion detection and control; and recent advances in polyaniline-based organic coatings for corrosion protection. Chapters in part three move on to highlight other types of smart coatings, including smart self-cleaning coatings for corrosion protection; smart polymer nanocomposite water- and oil-repellent coatings for aluminum; UV-curable organic polymer coatings for corrosion protection of steel; smart epoxy coatings for early detection of corrosion in steel and aluminum; and structural ceramics with self-healing properties.

Abstrak :
Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis polistirena-ko-poli(etil akrilat) dengan metode Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi stabilisator dan inisiator terhadap solid content dan viskositas, serta mempelajari pengaruh variasi komposisi monomer terhadap temperatur transisi gelas (Tg). Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi stabilisator dan inisiator maka solid content dan viskositas akan semakin tinggi, dan pada variasi komposisi monomer tidak memberikan kecenderungan pada temperatur transisi gelas yang dihasilkan. Terbentuknya polistirena-ko-poli(etil akrilat) ditunjukkan oleh hasil karakterisasi dengan Fourier Transform Infra Red dan Differential Scanning Calorimetry yang terlampir dalam penelitian ini dan memiliki hasil tidak terbentuk homopolimer dari masing-masing monomer.

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In this research, the synthesis of polystyrene-co-poly(ethyl acrylate) by the method of Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) has been done to study the effect of the concentration of stabilizers and initiators on the solid content and viscosity of them. Then, this experiment also studied the effect of variations of monomers composition on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polystyrene-co-poly(ethyl acrylate). The result showed that the higher concentration of stabilizers and initiators were, the higher the solid content and viscosity of the copolymer was obtained. In addition, the monomers composition did not affect the glass transition temperature of the resulting copolymers. The formation of polystyrene-co-poly(ethyl acrylate) was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red and Differential Scanning Calorimetry and the results showed that the formation of two homopolymers did not appeared.

Abstrak :
This book brings together the field's leading experts who investigated both fundamental and applied aspects of silicone surface science and technology, and introduces the reader to the origins and historical development of silicone surfaces as well as to their most significant current key features.