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Abstrak :
Tujuan: (1) mengetahui perubahan komposisi cairan tubuh dalam 24 jam pasca bedah pintas koroner dengan pintas jantung paru (BPK+PJP); (2) mengetahui besarya katabolisme protein dalam 24 jam pasca PBK+PJP; (3) mengetahui hubungan antara perubahan cairan infra sal (OS) dengan katabolisme protein.
Tempat: Unit Terapi Intensif Rumah Sakit Jantung Harapan Kita
Metodologi: Setelah mendapat persetujuan etik dari komite etik penelitian medis NCC, Harapan Kita Hospital, diperoleh 20 pasien laki-laki dengan BPK terencana. Volume cairan tubuh diukur dengan multiple frequency bioelecirical impedance (Dietosystem, Italy) pada frekuensi 1, 50, dan 100 kHz dengan menggunakan formula Guricci. Impedans diukur, 1 kali pra bedah dan 3 kali pasca bedah setiap 8 jam. Perubahan komposisi cairan tubuh dinilai dengan uji-t untuk 2 kelompok berpasangan. Nitrogen urea urin (NUU), kreatinin urin dan imbang nitrogen digunakan sebagai indikator katabolisme protein dengan menampung urin 8 jam pada interval yang sama dengan pe ukuran MFBIA Imbang nitrogen diperoleh dengan menghitung asupan dan NUU 24 jam pasta bedah. Hubungan antara perubahan cairan infra sel (CIS) dengan indikator katabolisme dihitung dengan uji korelasi Spearman Rank
Hasil: Nilai ZI00 adalah 479 5l, indeks impedans 57,3 cm2/Q, dan volume cairan tubuh total (CM') 33,1 L terdiri dari 44,0% cairan ekstra sel (CES) dan 56,0% CIS. Pra bedah pasien termasuk euvolemia. Intra bedah terjadi imbang cairan +1744 (826-4312) mL. Delapan jam pertama terjadi peningkatan bermakna dari cairan tubuh. Dalam 24 jam pasca BPK+PJP terjadi peningkatan CTT 16,0%; CES 20,7%, dan CIS 13,0%. Peningkatan cairan masih dalam nilai euvolemia. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara perubahan volume cairan tubuh yang diukur dengan MFBIA dan imbang cairan. Median asupan selama 24 jam pasca bedah adalah 926 (127-1903) kkal dan 28 (0-69) g protein. Secara statistik terjadi peningkatan bermakna dari NUU pada 8 jam ketiga pasca BPK+PIP. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kreatinin urin pra bedah dan pasca bedah. Median imbang nitrogen -8{(-12,7) - (-1,6)} g. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara peningkatan volume CIS dan NUU (r - 0,57; p = 0,01).
Kesimpulan Penelitian ini menunjukkan kompartemen cairan tubuh meningkat dalam 24 jam pasca BPK+PJP. Katabolisme protein ringan terjadi dalam 24 jam pasca BPK+PTP. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara peningkatan volume CIS dengan NUU, namun diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menjelaskan hubungan ini, terutama pada pasien BPK+PJP".

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The Correlation Between Intra Cellular Water And Protein Catabolism After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Using Multiple Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance
Objective: (1) to investigate the changes of body water compartment within 24 hours after elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with extracorporeal circulation; (2) to observe protein catabolism within 24 hours after elective CABG with extracorporeal circulation, and (3) to correlate between the changes of intra cellular water (ICW) with protein catabolism indicators.
Location: Intensive Care Unit, Harapan Kita National Cardiac Center, Jakarta.
Subjects and Methods: Twenty male patients with coronary artery disease were recruited for the study. Impedance was measured at 1, 50, 100 kHz using multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance (Dietosystem, Italy) four times: at baseline, at the 1°, 2 and 3 8 hours after surgery. The volume of body water compartment was calculated using Guricci's formula. Urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) and urinary creatinine were assessed using 8-hour urine collection within 24-hour period. Nitrogen balance was calculated by subtracting nitrogen intake with urinary nitrogen. The correlation between the changes of ICW and protein catabolism indicators was tested with Spearman Rank Correlation.
Results: At the baseline, mean values of Ziw impedance and impedance index were 479 S~ and 57.3 cm21n, respectively. Mean total body water (TBW) was 33.1 ± 3.1 L or 48.8% of body weight, consist of 44.0% ECW and 56.0% ICW. This composition was classified as euvolemic. Median intra-operative fluid balance was 1744 (826-3412) mL. Significant increased in TBW, ECW, and ICW was observed at the 1' 8 hours. At the 3'a 8 hours after surgery, TRW, ECW, and ICW increased by 16.3%, 20.7%, and 12.8%, respectively, but the values were within desirable ranges. There was no correlation between TBW changes measured by MFBIA and calculated fluid balance. During 24 hours after surgery, median total energy intake was 926 (127-1903) kcal and protein intake was 28 (0-69) g. UUN increased significantly at the 3'd 8 hours after surgery. No significant difference in urinary creatinine was observed between before and after surgery. Nitrogen balance was -8 ((-12,7)-(-1.6)) g, and there was a negative correlation between ICW changes and NL-U (r = - 0.57; p = 0.01).

Conclusions: The current study indicates that changes of body water compartment occur during 24 hours after CABG, ICW increases within 24 hours after CABG. Mild protein catabolism occurs within 24 hours after CABG. ICW changes have negative correlation with NULL However further comprehensive study is needed to explain this association, especially in CABG patients.

Abstrak :
Skeletal muscle stem cells, known as satellite cells, participate in postnatal skeletal muscle growth, regeneration, and hypertrophy. They are quiescent in the resting state, but are activated after muscle injury, and subsequently replicate and fuse into existing myofibers. The behavior of satellite cells during muscle regeneration is regulated by extrinsic factors, such as the extracellular matrix, mechanical stimuli, and soluble factors. Myokines, muscle-derived secretory factors, are important regulators of satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differen¬tiation. It is well known that muscle injury induces the release of various growth factors from myofibers, and these growth factors affect satellite cells. It has recently been shown that myokines secreted from myofibers without cell damage also regulate satellite cell functions. Here, we summarize myokines with known roles in the regulation of satellite cells and the mechanism underlying this regulatory process.

Abstrak :
Cellular responses to stress including DNA damage show multiple options involving the mechanisms of growth arrest, DNA repair and programmed cell death or apoptosis. Failures in these mechanisms can result in oncogenesis or accelerated senescence. Much of the response is coordinated by p53, a nuclear phosphoprotein with a central role in the defences against physical, chemical and pathogenic agents which challenge the DNA integrity. The p53 pathways for mobilising the cellular defences are linked to the pRb/E2F pathways regulating the cell cycle progression. This paper aims to review the current understanding on the networks and main molecular machinery of these processes. In addition, the implications on cellular decision making for the defences as well as evolutionary aspects of these mechanisms are discussed in brief.

Abstrak :
This textbook contains the essential knowledge in modeling, simulation, analysis, and applications in dealing with biological cellular control systems. In particular, the book shows how to use the law of mass balance and the law of mass action to derive an enzyme kinetic model, the Michaelis-Menten function or the Hill function, how to use a current-voltage relation, Nernst potential equilibrium equation, and Hodgkin and Huxley's models to model an ionic channel or pump, and how to use the law of mass balance to integrate these enzyme or channel models into a complete feedback control system. The book also illustrates how to use data to estimate parameters in a model, how to use MATLAB to solve a model numerically, how to do computer simulations, and how to provide model predictions. Furthermore, the book demonstrates how to conduct a stability and sensitivity analysis on a model.

Abstrak :
This special issue on Notch regulation of the immune system summarizes recent advances and covers multiple aspects of Notch signaling within the hematopoietic and the immune system. This issue covers subjects including Notch function in embryonic and adult hematopoietic stem cells, lymphocyte development and function as well as in T cell leukemia.