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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang Papiloma inverted (PI) merupakan papiloma yang berasal daritraktus sinonasal yang dilapisi oleh epitel Schneiderian, yang secara ektodermalberasal dari mukosa respiratorius. Tumor jinak ini memiliki karakter yang bersifatagresif secara lokal, memiliki angka rekurensi tinggi dan kemampuan untukbertransformasi ke arah keganasan. Karakteristik biomolekuler dari tumor PIbelum banyak diteliti. Perkembangan PI diduga berasal dari ketidakseimbanganantara peningkatan proliferasi sel epitel yang berlebihan dan peningkatanapoptosis yang tidak bermakna. Tujuan Mengetahui gambaran karakteristikbiomolekuler tumor PI berdasarkan ekspresi HSP 70, HSF-1, NF-kappa-B danBcl-2. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian studi potong lintanguntuk mencari gambaran ekspresi HSP 70, HSF-1, NF-kappa-B dan Bcl-2 padaepitel dan stroma jaringan tumor PI melalui pemeriksaan imunohistokimia. HasilTerdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara HSF-1 epitel dan Bcl-2 epitel dengan p =0,022 (p<0,05) dan r = 0,709. Hasil korelasi yang bermakna juga didapatkanantara HSF-1 stroma dan HSP 70 stroma dengan p = 0,024 (p<0,05) dan r =0,699. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara nilai ekspresi NF-kappa-B padaepitel dan stroma dengan adanya transformasi keganasan (p<0,05). KesimpulanTerdapat peran dari HSP 70, HSF-1 dan Bcl-2 dalam perkembangan tumor PIsecara umum. Proses transformasi keganasan berkaitan erat dengan ekspresi NFkappa-B. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menentukan titik potong nilaiekspresi NF-kappa-B sebagai prediktor transformasi keganasan pada tumor PI.

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ABSTRACTBackground Inverted papilloma (IP) is a papiloma that is lined by theSchneiderian epithelials, derived ectodermally from the respiratory mucosa. Thisbenign neoplasm has a characteristic of local aggresiveness, high recurrence rateand possibility of malignant transformation. Biomolecular characteristics havenot been studied extensively. Development of IP is thought to arise due to theimbalance between excessive cell proliferation and insignificant apoptosis.Objective To describe the expressions of HSP 70, HSF-1, NF-kappa-B and Bcl-2in IP. Methods This research is a cross-sectional study to describe theexpressions of HSP 70, HSF-1, NF-kappa-B and Bcl-2 in epithelial and stromalIP using immunohistochemistry. Results There is a strong positive correlationbetween epithelial HSF-1 with epithelial Bcl-2 with p=0,022 (p<0,05) andr=0,709. There is also a strong positive correlation between stromal HSF-1 andstromal HSP 70 with p=0,024 (p<0,05) and r=0,699. There is a relationshipbetween epithelial and stromal NF-kappa-B expression with signs of malignancytransformation (p<0,05). Conclusion There is a role of HSP 70, HSF-1 and Bcl-2 in the development of IP. There is a close relationship between malignanttransformation and the expression of NF-kappa-B. Further research is needed todetermine the cut-off point for NF-kappa-B expression to predict malignanttransformation in IP.;;"

"Latar belakang: Paparan hipoksia subletal (Hypoxia conditioning) diyakini memiliki efek neuroprotektif yang dapat meningkatkan resistensi sel dengan cara menginduksi perubahan ekspresi gen dan jalur sinyal intraseluler yang mengakibatkan adaptasi intraseluler melalui proses eritropoiesis, angiogenesis, transport glukosa dan glikolisis anaerobik melalui aktivitas gen HIF- 1 alpha. Penelitian mengenai hipoksia hipobarik intermiten (HHI) telah membuktikan bahwa induksi HHI menurunkan kerusakan jaringan otak pada korteks, dan meningkatkan densitas mikrovaskuler. HHI juga memicu respons neuroplastisitas pada sel otak sebagai upaya agar fungsi sel otak tidak terganggu. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek hipoksia hipobarik intermitten (HHI) terhadap neuroplastisitas jaringan otak dengan mengamati perubahan fungsi motorik dan kognitif serta peningkatan protein PSD95 sebagai respons adaptasi pasca induksi hipoksia hipobarik intermitten. Metode: 25 tikus Sprague-Dawley, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok diinduksi HHI dan 1 kelompok sebagai kelompok kontrol.Induksi dilakukan dengan hypobaric chamber di Lakespra TNI AU dengan interval induksi 1 minggu selama 4 kali (hari-1, 8, 15 dan 22). Setelah induksi, kelompok itu diuji untuk parameter fisiologis menggunakan balok berjalan untuk mengukur fungsi motorik dan Y Maze untuk mengukur fungsi kognitif. Jaringan otak diambil untuk pemeriksaan reseptor neurotransmitter glutamat dan GABA serta protein PSD95. Hasil: kelompok perlakuan dengan 1,2,3,4 kali paparan hipoksia hypobarik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam fungsi neuromotor kompleks, fungsi kognitif dan PSD 95 dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (p> 0,05). Ekspresi reseptor GABA dan glutamat menurun secara signifikan di induksi pertama, namun meningkat secara signifikan pada kelompok induksi kedua dan ketiga dan untuk akhirnya menurun mendekati rerata kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: HHI menginduksi proses neuroplastisitas sebagai respon adaptasi terhadap paparan hipoksia hipobarik intermiten pada tikus Sprague-Dawley.

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Background: Sublethal exposure to hypoxia known as hypoxia preconditioning is believed to have neuroprotective effect. Hypoxia preconditioning induces changes in gene expression and intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the emergence of intracellular adaptation through the process of erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, glucose transport and anaerobic glycolysis through HIF- 1 alpha gene activity. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxic conditions (IHH) which occurs at high altitude such as during flight, is a common condition that causes exposure to hypoxia preconditioning. HHI induction decreased brain cortical tissue damage, and increased microvascular density. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on the function of neuronal cells.

Aims: to investigate the neuroplasticity responses after intermittent hypobaric hypoxia induction on cerebral function (complex neuromotor function,cognitive function, PSD95 and neurotransmitter transduction).

Method: A total of 25 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups of IHH and 1 group as control. The 4 IHH groups were exposed to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia in Indonesian Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine hypobaric chamber, by 1 week interval for 4 times (day-1, 8, 15 and 22). After the induction, the groups were evaluated for physiological parameters using walking beam to measure the complex neuromotor function and Y maze to measure the cognitive function. The brain was taken for immunochemistry and ELISA analysis.

Results: the group treated with 1,2,3,4 times exposure to hypobaric hypoxia shows no significant differences in complex neuromotor function,cognitive function and PSD95 compare to control group ( p>0.05). The level of GABA and glutamate receptor decreased significantly in induction 1, but raised significantly in group induction 2 and 3 compare to control group.

Conclution: IHH induced neuroplasticity as adaptation respons to hypobaric intermittent hypoxia in Sprague-Dawley rats."

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