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Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Buceng {kombinasi pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) dan purwoceng (Pimpinella alpine Molk)}telah terbukti meningkatkan kadar testosteron (Te) dan menurunkan apoptosis. Namun belum ada bukti apakah efek tersebut dimediasi oleh penurunan ekspresi caspase3. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari apakah pemberian buceng dapat menurunkan ekspresi caspase3 sel penis dan prostat pada tikus jantan Sprague Dawley. Metode: Studi eksperimental dilakukan pada 24 tikus jantan galur Sprague Dawley, umur 90 hari dengan berat badan (BB) + 300 g, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara acak masing-masing terdiri dari 6 ekor. Kelompok A, tikus dikastrasi dan diberi buceng 50 mg. Kelompok B, tikus tanpa dikastrasi, langsung dimatikan sebagai kontrol positif. Kelompok C, tikus dikastrasi dan diberi akuades 2 mL, sebagai kontrol negatif. Kelompok D, tikus dikastrasi dan diberi mesterolone 6,75 mg yang dilarutkan dalam air. Analisis statistik yang digunakan untuk menguji perbedaan ekspresi caspase3 adalah uji MANOVA, dilanjutkan dengan Post Hoc. Hasil: Analisis MANOVA pada empat kelompok menunjukkan perbedaan ekspresi caspase3 yang bermakna (p = 0,000). Analisis tes Post Hoc menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi caspase3 penis dan prostat pada kelompok A (buceng) (33,56; 35,83) lebih rendah bermakna dibanding kelompok C (kontrol negatif) (54,33;60,07) dan kelompok D (mesterolone) (51,91;56,21), p = 0,000, dan lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok B (kontrol positif atau tikus normal) (29,40; 27,72), namun secara statistik tidak bermakna ( p = 0,826). Kesimpulan: Pemberian buceng 50 mg/hari selama 30 hari berturut-turut dapat menurunkan ekspresi caspase3 pada sel penis dan prostat.

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Abstract
Background: Buceng {combination of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) and purwoceng (Pimpinella alpine Molk)}has been proven to increase testosterone (Te) level and decrease apoptosis. Unfortunately, there is no evidence whether these effects are mediated by the declining of caspase3. Objective of this study was to evaluate whether buceng could decrease the expression of caspase3 of penis and prostate cells in Sprague Dawley male rats. Methods: Twenty four Sprague Dawley male rats weighing 300 g (90 days old) were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 male rats. Group A, rats were castrated and received buceng 50 mg. Group B, rats were not castrated, sacrifices as positive control. Group C, rats were castrated and given 2 mL aquadest as negative control. Group D, rats were castrated and got of 6.75 mg mesterolone, dissolved in 2 mL water. MANOVA statistical analysis was adopted to examine the difference expression of caspase3 in all groups. The comparison of caspase3 expression between two groups exhibiting difference values were evaluated by Post Hoc test. Results: MANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in the expression of caspase3 of penis and prostate tissues among the four groups. Post Hoct test also indicated that expression of caspase3 in group A (buceng) (33.56; 35.83) was significantly lower compared to group C (negative control) (54.33; 60.07) and group D (mesterolone) (51.91;56.21), p = 0.000, and higher compared than group B or normal rats (29.40; 27.72), but statistically not significant (p = 0.826). Conclusion: The treatment of 50 mg buceng/day for 30 consecutive days could decrease caspase3 expression in penis and prostate cells.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang : Overtraining berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan karena dapat menyebabkan kematian mendadak pada atlet muda. Berdasarkan data epidemiologi ditemukan bahwa kejadian kematian mendadak (suddent cardiac death) pada atlet muda, penyebab paling banyak adalah gangguan kardiovaskular. Tubuh melakukan adaptasi terhadap beban berlebih, berupa remodelling (morfologi dan elektrofisiologi). Remodeling elektrofisiologis yaitu perubahan pada gap junction, berupa perubahan ekspresi Cx43 yang yang mengakibatkan gangguan penghantaran konduksi listrik. Selama latihan fisik dapat terbentuk ROS yang akan menginduksi permeabilitas mitokondria sehingga terjadi kebocoran sitokrom c, selanjutnya akan mengaktifkan kaskade apoptosis. Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 6 jaringan kardiomiosit tikus Wistar kelompok kontrol dan overtraining. Ekspresi Cx43 dan caspase-3 diamati melalui pulasan imunohistokimia dan diukur dengan image J. Hasil : Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan bermakna pada ekspresi Cx43 total overtraining (43644.57±27711.03) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (13002.37±3705.41). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna ekspresi caspase-3 pada kedua kelompok meskipun diperoleh hasil lebih tinggi pada kelompok overtraining (14.15%±10.54%) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (2,63%±3.56%). Kesimpulan : Overtraining meningkatkan ekspresi Cx43 total tetapi tidak terbukti meningkatkan caspase-3 pada kardiomiosit ventrikel kiri tikus. ......Background: overtraining has bad effect for health, overtraining can cause sudden death in young athlete, reports of sudden death incidences in young athlete claim that cardiovascular disease is the cause. The heart can face the excess load by remodeling as it?s adaptation mechanism. There is 2 type remodeling, morphology and electrophysiology. Remodeling electrophysiology is a change on Cx43 expression which can interfere the heart?s electrical conduction. Free radical which formed from physical exercise can induce mitochondrial permeability that lead leakage of cytochrome c, so that so that activate the apoptosis cascade. Methods: This study conducted on 12 Wistar rat?s cardiomyocytes tissue that divided into control and overtraining group. Cx43 expression and caspase-3 was observed through immunohistochemical staining and measured by image J. Results: There was significant increase in the expression of Cx43 total overtraining (43644.57 ± 27711.03) compared to the control group (13002.37 ± 3705.41). Found no significant differences in the expression of caspase-3 in both groups although the result was higher in the group of overtraining (14,15% ± 10,54%) compared to the control group (2,63% ± 3,56%). Conclusion: Overtraining increase total Cx43 expression but not proven to increase caspase-3 in the rat left ventricular cardiomyocytes.

Abstrak :
[Pendahuluan: Proses karsinogenesis adenokarsinoma prostat terjadi akibat disregulasi kadar zinc dalam sel. Molekul zinc intrasel berperan dalam metabolisme aerob mitokondria dan induksi apoptosis. Penyerapan zinc diatur oleh protein ZIP1, berperan meningkatkan kandungan zinc sitoplasmik intrasel dengan membawa zinc dari cairan ekstrasel. Kadar zinc yang tinggi dan ekspresi protein ZIP1 banyak ditemukan pada epitel prostat normal, sedangkan pada kanker prostat ditemukan sedikit atau tidak ada ekspresi protein ZIP1. Penurunan ekspresi ZIP1 diduga dapat menghambat apoptosis, serta memacu perkembangan adenokarsinoma prostat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis korelasi ekspresi protein ZIP1 dan Caspase- 3 pada jaringan adenokarsinoma prostat berdasarkan Gleason score yang berbeda. Metode: Desain studi analitik retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 31 sediaan blok parafin adenokarsinoma prostat yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sediaan dipulas menggunakan teknik imunohistokimia untuk mengetahui ekspresi protein ZIP1 dan caspase-3. Ekspresi protein pada pulasan slide dihitung menggunakan program imageJ. Gleason score sebagai data sekunder yang didapatkan dari laporan kasus. Korelasi ekspresi kedua protein berdasarkan Gleason score dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson menggunakan SPSS 11.5. Hasil: Rerata positivitas ekspresi ZIP1 pada adenokarsinoma prostate adalah 35% dan rerata positivitas caspase-3 adalah 33%. Terdapat korelasi positif bermakna antara ekspresi ZIP1 dan caspase-3 (r = 0.379 , p = 0,018). Terdapat korelasi positif antara ekspresi ZIP1 dan caspase-3 pada kelompok intermediate grade (r = 0.73, p = 0.01) dan korelasi lemah tidak bermakna pada kelompok high grade (r = 0.04, p = 0.48). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif antara ekspresi ZIP1 dan ekspresi caspase- 3 pada adenokarsinoma prostat. ......, Introduction: Carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate occurs due to dysregulation of zinc level within the cells. Intracellular zinc molecules contributes to mitochondrial aerobic metabolism. Its influx is regulated by a transporter protein ZIP1, whose non-presence is predicted to inhibit apoptosis, thus leads to the development of prostate adenocarcinoma. This study was aimed to analyze the correlation of ZIP1 and Caspase-3 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma with respect to its grading as represented by Gleason Score. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective analytical study on 31 formalyn-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue that meet inclusion criteria. The specimen was stained using immunohistochemical technique for ZIP1 and Caspase-3. Protein expression of each case were counted using ImageJ analysis. Gleason score were acquired as secondary data from the cases’ reports. The correlation of their expression with respect of Gleason score were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation using SPSS 11.5. Results: Mean expression level of ZIP1 and Caspase-3 in prostate adenocarcinoma were 35% and 33%, respectively. There was a significantly positive correlation between ZIP1 and Caspase-3 expression (r=0.379; p=0.018). However, their correlation was stronger in intermediate-grade group (r=0.73; p=0.01) and the correlation was much weaker in high-grade group (r=0.04; p=0.48). Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between ZIP1 and caspase-3 expression in adenocarcinoma prostate.]

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Kanker kolon merupakan salah satu kanker yang paling sering didiagnosis di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Pengobatan yang tersedia memiliki tingkat keberhasilan tidak memuaskan dengan berbagai komplikasi sekunder. Lunasin telah dikembangkan karena aktivitasnya yang mencolok dalam menghambat perkembangan kanker. Caspase-3 merupakan mediator utama apoptosis yang digunakan sebagai penanda kemanjuran terapi kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh lunasin terhadap ekspresi Caspase-3 pada kolon mencit yang diiinduksi DSS dan AOM. Metode: Mencit Swiss-Webster jantan berjumlah tiga puluh ekor dengan rerata berat badan 20 gram dibagi dalam enam kelompok yang terdiri dari kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, lunasin dosis 250 mg/kgBB, 300 mg/kgBB, dan 350 mg/kgBB. Seluruh kelompok kecuali kontrol normal diinduksi DSS dan AOM. Kontrol positif menerima aspirin. Kolon mencit dibuat preparat menggunakan pewarnaan imunohistokimia dan HE sebagai counterstain. Preparat dibaca di mikroskop dan h-score menggunakan immunohistochemistry profiler. Hasil: Seluruh kelompok kontrol normal (mean=250,13), kontrol negatif (mean=133,22), kontrol positif (mean=214,83), lunasin dosis 250 mg/kgBB (mean=163,35), 300 mg/kgBB (mean=189,94), dan 350 mg/kgBB (mean=216,43) terdapat perbedaan signifikan kecuali antara kelompok kontrol positif dengan dosis 350 mg/kgBB. Selain itu, terdapat ekspresi Caspase-3 lebih tinggi yang signifikan seiring peningkatan dosis lunasin. Kesimpulan: Lunasin dosis 250 mg/kgBB, 300 mg/kgBB, dan 350 mg/kgBB terbukti berpengaruh meningkatkan ekspresi Caspase-3 kolon mencit yang diinduksi DSS dan AOM. ......Background: Colon cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world, including Indonesia. Currently available treatment has an unsatisfactory success rate with a variety of secondary complications. Lunasin has been developed for its striking activity in inhibiting the development of cancer. Caspase-3 is the main mediator of apoptosis which is used as a marker of cancer therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to prove the effect of lunasin on Caspase-3 expression in the colon of mice induced by DSS and AOM. Methods: Thirty male Swiss-Webster mice with an average body weight of 20 grams were divided into six groups consisting of normal control, negative control, positive control, doses of lunasin 250 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 350 mg/kgBW. All groups except normal controls were induced by DSS and AOM. Positive controls received aspirin. Mice colons were prepared using immunohistochemical staining and HE as a counterstain. The preparations were read under a microscope and h-score using an immunohistochemistry profiler. Results: In all groups of normal control (mean=250.13), negative control (mean=133.22), positive control (mean=214.83), doses of lunasin 250 mg/kgBW (mean=163.35), 300 mg/kgBW (mean=189.94), and 350 mg/kgBW (mean=216.43) there were significant differences except between the positive control group with 350 mg/kgBW group. In addition, there was a significantly higher Caspase-3 expression as the dose of lunasin increased. Conclusion: Lunasin 250 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 350 mg/kgBW proved to have an effect on increasing the expression of Caspase-3 in the colon of mice induced by DSS and AOM.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Malaria merupakan penyakit parasitik yang masih banyak ditemukan di Indonesia Timur. Inflamasi akibat infeksi malaria memicu stress oksidatif sehingga terjadi apoptosis sel yang berlebihan yang berhubungan dengan ekspresi protein Caspase-3 sebagai protein eksekutor apoptosis. Pemberian sambiloto dan spirulina yang memiliki efek antiinflamasi dan antioksidan dapat berpotensi mencegah kerusakan sel epitel kolon media mencit yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat adanya pengaruh pemberian kombinasi sambiloto dan spirulina terhadap ekspresi Caspase-3 pada sel epitel kolon media mencit yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ekperimental yang menggunakan materi biologi tersimpan kolon media mencit Swiss Webster jantan. Kelompok uji berupa AP (Sambiloto 200 mg/KgBB), AP+PS (sambiloto 200 mg/KgBB dan bubuk spirulina 130 mg/KgBB), AP+ES (sambiloto 200 mg/KgBB dan ekstrak spirulina 26 mg/KgBB), kontrol negatif (carboxymethil cellulose 0,5%) dan kontrol positif (Dihidroartemisinin Piperakuin 195 mg/KgBB). Setelah diberikan terapi selama 28 hari, mencit diterminasi lalu dilakukan pewarnaan imunohistokimia anti-Caspase-3 pada jaringan kolon. Spesimen dilihat menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan perbesaran 400x sebanyak lima lapang pandang. Analisis data menggunakan piranti ImageJ® dengan melihat persentase ekspresi Caspase 3 lalu dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 20.0 Hasil: Uji hipotesis One Way ANOVA diperoleh hasil signifikan (p<0,05). Berdasarkan uji Post-hoc Bonferroni diperoleh kelompok AP+PS (148,54 +/- 17,23) berbeda signifikan (p<0,05) dengan kelompok AP dan kontrol negatif. Selain itu, kelompok AP+PS menunjukkan efek yang tidak berbeda dengan kontrol positif (162,66 +/- 7,01; p=0,952). Simpulan: Pemberian ekstrak sambiloto dan serbuk spirulina menunrunkan ekspresi Caspase-3 pada sel epitel kolon media mencit terinduksi Plasmodium berghei. ......Background: Malaria is a parasitic disease that is still widely found in Indonesia, Inflammation caused by malaria infection can trigger oxidative stress which can lead to excessive cell apoptosis associated with protein Caspase-3 expression as an apoptosis executor protein. The administration of sambiloto and spirulina which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects can potentially prevent Plasmodium berghei-induced damage to the colonic epithelial cells of mice. Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of giving a combination of sambiloto and spirulina on the expression of Caspase-3 in mice colonic epithelial cells induced by Plasmodium berghei. Methods: This study is an experimental study using biological material stored in colon media of male Swiss Webster mice. The test groups were AP (Sambiloto 200 mg/KgBB), AP + PS (sambiloto 200 mg/KgBB and spirulina powder 130 mg/KgBB), AP + ES (sambiloto 200 mg / KgBB and spirulina extract 26 mg/KgBB), negative control. (carboxymethil cellulose 0.5%) and positive control (Dihydroartemisinin Piperakuin 195 mg/KgBW). After 28 days of therapy, the mice were terminated and then stained with anti-Caspase-3 immunohistochemicals on the colonic tissue. Specimens were viewed using a light microscope with a magnification of 400x for five fields of view. Data analysis using the ImageJ® tool by looking at the percentage of Caspase 3 expression then analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The One Way ANOVA hypothesis test obtained significant results (p <0.05). Based on the Bonferroni Post-hoc test, it was found that the AP + PS group (148.54 +/- 17.23) was significantly different (p <0.05) from the AP group and negative control. In addition, the AP + PS group showed no different effects from the positive control (162.66 +/- 7.01; p = 0.952) Conclusion: Provision of sambiloto extract and spirulina powder reduced the expression of Caspase-3 in colonic epithelial cells of Plasmodium berghei induced mice.