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Abstrak :
Kanker paru merupakan kanker nomor satu yang paling banyak diderita kaum laki-laki di Indonesia yang umumnya disebabkan oleh rokok dengan penyebaran melalui pembuluh getah bening atau organ lain dalam tubuh. Penanganan kanker paru secara modern menggunakan terapi umum seperti radioterapi dan kemoterapi sering menyebabkan beberapa resiko efek samping. Penggunaan obat yang berasal dari racun ikan dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dari terapi umum. Beberapa studi menyatakan bahwa racun ikan lepu batu (Synanceia horrida) memiliki komponen bioaktif stonustoxin (SNTX) yang bersifat sitolitik, membentuk pori dan mempunyai potensi sebagai zat antikanker. Racun ikan lepu batu dipanen dengan menggunakan metode milking, setelah itu purifikasi dengan menggunakan FPLC. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji kemurnian dengan SDS PAGE, pengujian kadar protein pada hasil pemurnian guna mendapatkan konsentrasi protein dengan metode Lowry, uji toksisitas dengan metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) dan terakhir MTT Assay terhadap sel A549. Diperoleh hasil bahwa stonustoxin (SNTX) yang berasal dari racun ikan lepu batu (Synanceia horrida) berhasil diisolasi dengan menggunakan FPLC penukar anion pada persentase buffer elusi 40% dan dapat menginhibisi sel kanker paru A549 dengan persentase inhibisi sebesar 67,31% pada konsentrasi 64 ppm. Stonustoxin yang diisolasi dengan FPLC penukar anion memiliki nilai LC50 sebesar 18,150 dan IC50 sebesar 45,076 µg/ml.

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Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer that affects men in Indonesia that is generally caused by smoking and spreading throuht lymph nodes or other organs in the body. Modern treatment of lung cancer using therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy often causes several side effects. The use of medicines from fish venoms can be used as an alternative to general therapy. Some studies state that stonefish (Synanceia horrida) venom contain bioactive component Stonustoxin (SNTX) which has cycolytic properties, pore forming and as an anti lung cancer potentital. Crude venom will be taken using milking method and after that purified by FPLC. Furthermore, protein purity test with SDS PAGE , testing of proteins concentration in the purification results with Lowry method and continued with toxicity test with BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method, and finally MTT Assay on A549 cell. Based on the result of the research, stonuxtoxin (SNTX) derived from stonefish (Synanceia horrida) venom successfully isolated using FPLC anion exchange method with elution buffer percentage 40% and can inhibit A549 lung cancer cells with inhibition percentage of 67,31% at 64 ppm. Stonustoxin isolated with FPLC anion exchange has LC50 at 18,150 ppm and IC50 at 45,076 µg/ml.

Abstrak :
Kanker paru merupakan penyebab kematian utama di dunia. Nigella sativa merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antikanker. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kloroform N. sativa memiliki efek sitotoksik pada sel T47D. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antiproliferasi ekstrak kloroform biji N. sativa pada hewan uji yang diinduksi DMBA. Tikus betina galur Sprague Dawley dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. Masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas 12 ekor. Kelompok A adalah kontrol DMBA, kelompok B, C, dan D, adalah kelompok perlakuan ekstrak dengan peringkat dosis 250 mg/kgBB, 500 mg/kgBB, dan 750 mg/kgBB, dan kelompok E adalah kelompok kontrol minyak jagung. Aktivitas proliferasi sel diamati dengan pengecatan AgNOR dan pengamatan histopatologi sel menggunakan pengecatan H & E. Niai mAgNOR dianalisis menggunakan uji kolmogorov-dilanjutkan uji satu arah (one way) ANOVA dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% yang diteruskan dengan uji Tukey HSD. Hasil pewarnaan H&E menunjukkan terdapat penurunan kerusakan pada kelompok perlakuan ekstrak dibanding dengan kelompok DMBA. Hasil pewarnaan AgNOR menunjukan terjadi penurunan. Nilai mAgNOR kelompok kontrol DMBA adalah 1,47±0,558, kelompok perlakuan ekstrak dengan tiga peringkat dosis masing-masing adalah 1,44±0,172 untuk dosis 250 mg/kgBB, 1,38±0,140 untuk dosis 500 mg/kgBB dan 1,25±0,164 untuk dosis 750 mg/kgBB dan kelompok kontrol minyak jagung adalah sebesar 0,65±0,050. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa N. sativa mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agen kemopreventif pada kanker paru.

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Antiproliferative Activity of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) on 7,12-dimethylbenz-[a]antracene (DMBA) Induced Mice Lung Cell. Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. Nigella sativa is a plant that has an anticancer activity. Previous research showed that the chloroform extract of N. sativa have cytotoxic effect on T47D cells. This study aimed to observe the effect of cloroform extract of N. sativa seed (NSS) on mice lung cell after initiation of 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene. Sprague Dawley strain female rats were divided into five groups. Each group consisted of 12 rats. The experiment consisted of five mice groups, corn oil as a solvent control group, the DMBA dose 20 mg/kgBW p.o. twice a week during five weeks, DMBA+NSS dose 250 mg/kgBW, DMBA+NSS dose 500 mg/kgBW, and DMBA+NSS dose 750 mg/kgBW. Extract which was dissolved into corn oil was administered daily by the oral route 1 week before and during the DMBA induction. At the end of the study, the experimental mice were sacrified and colon organs were collected and then stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and AgNOR method. H&E staining showed there was a decrease damage in the treatment group compare with DMBA group. In AgNOR staining result showed mAgNOR value in DMBA group was 1.47±0.558, in extract group (250, 500 and 750mg/kgBB) was 0.44±0.172, 1.38±0.140 and 1.25±0.164 respectively and in corn oil group was 0.65±0.050. The results showed that N. sativa reduced the damage of colon cells and inhibit colon cell proliferation on mice induced DMBA. This study indicated that N. sativa can be developed into a chemopreventive agent for lung cancer.

Abstrak :
[Asam galat merupakan zat polifenol dengan kemampuan sitotoksik. Studi sebelumnya menunjukkan turunan asam galat mampu menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker. Sampai saat ini, belum banyak studi yang mempelajari turunan alkil ester galat dan turunan metoksi galat terhadap pertumbuhan kanker kolon. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas sitotoksik turunan alkil ester galat dan metoksi galat pada sel kanker kolon. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain eksperimental secara in vitro. Kemampuan sitotoksik asam galat dan turunannya diuji pada sel HCT116 (sel kanker kolon) dengan menggunakan MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2Htetrazolium) assay. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis untuk mendapatkan IC50 setiap senyawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan modifikasi asam galat menjadi senyawa metil galat, propil galat, butil galat, t-butil galat, amil galat, oktil galat dan ketiga turunan metoksi galat tidak menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas sitotoksik dengan peningkatan konsentrasi yang diuji. Dari semua senyawa yang memiliki kecenderungan menghambat, heptil galat memiliki aktivitas yang paling baik. Disimpulkan, metil galat, propil galat, butil galat, t-butil galat, amil galat, dan oktil galat merupakan turunan alkil galat yang tidak aktif. Etil galat, isobutil galat, isoamil galat, dan heptil galat merupakan turunan alkil galat yang memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik pada sel kanker kolon. Ketiga tur;Gallic acid is a polyphenol with anticancer activity. Previous studies had shown that the derivatives of gallic acid had cytotoxic activity in cancer cell. To date, few studies evaluated the activity of alkyl ester derivatives of gallic acid and methoxy derivatives of gallic acid in colon cancer cell. The objective of this study was to examine the cytotoxic activity of alkyl ester derivatives and methoxy derivatives of gallic acid in colon cancer cell. This study was conducted in in-vitro study in HCT116 colon cancer cell. Cytotoxic activity of gallic acid and its derivatives were evaluated in HCT116 colon cancer cell using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. Data from this experiment was analyzed to obtain IC50 of each compound. The result showed that modification of gallic acid to methyl gallate, propyl gallate, butyl gallat, t-butyl gallate, pentyl gallate, octyl gallate and three methoxy derivatives of gallic acid did not increase cytotoxic activity in all concentrations tested. Among all derivatives of gallic acid, heptyl gallate has the best cytotoxic activity. In conclusion, methyl gallate, propyl gallate, butyl gallate, t-butyl gallate, pentyl gallate, and octyl gallate are alkyl ester derivatives of gallic acid with no cytotoxic activity. Ethyl gallate, isobutyl gallate, isopentyl gallate, and heptyl gallate are active derivatives of gallic acid. All methoxy derivatives of gallic acid do not show any cytotoxic activity in colon cancer cell.;Gallic acid is a polyphenol with anticancer activity. Previous studies had shown that the derivatives of gallic acid had cytotoxic activity in cancer cell. To date, few studies evaluated the activity of alkyl ester derivatives of gallic acid and methoxy derivatives of gallic acid in colon cancer cell. The objective of this study was to examine the cytotoxic activity of alkyl ester derivatives and methoxy derivatives of gallic acid in colon cancer cell. This study was conducted in in-vitro study in HCT116 colon cancer cell. Cytotoxic activity of gallic acid and its derivatives were evaluated in HCT116 colon cancer cell using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. Data from this experiment was analyzed to obtain IC50 of each compound. The result showed that modification of gallic acid to methyl gallate, propyl gallate, butyl gallat, t-butyl gallate, pentyl gallate, octyl gallate and three methoxy derivatives of gallic acid did not increase cytotoxic activity in all concentrations tested. Among all derivatives of gallic acid, heptyl gallate has the best cytotoxic activity. In conclusion, methyl gallate, propyl gallate, butyl gallate, t-butyl gallate, pentyl gallate, and octyl gallate are alkyl ester derivatives of gallic acid with no cytotoxic activity. Ethyl gallate, isobutyl gallate, isopentyl gallate, and heptyl gallate are active derivatives of gallic acid. All methoxy derivatives of gallic acid do not show any cytotoxic activity in colon cancer cell., Gallic acid is a polyphenol with anticancer activity. Previous studies had shown that the derivatives of gallic acid had cytotoxic activity in cancer cell. To date, few studies evaluated the activity of alkyl ester derivatives of gallic acid and methoxy derivatives of gallic acid in colon cancer cell. The objective of this study was to examine the cytotoxic activity of alkyl ester derivatives and methoxy derivatives of gallic acid in colon cancer cell. This study was conducted in in-vitro study in HCT116 colon cancer cell. Cytotoxic activity of gallic acid and its derivatives were evaluated in HCT116 colon cancer cell using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. Data from this experiment was analyzed to obtain IC50 of each compound. The result showed that modification of gallic acid to methyl gallate, propyl gallate, butyl gallat, t-butyl gallate, pentyl gallate, octyl gallate and three methoxy derivatives of gallic acid did not increase cytotoxic activity in all concentrations tested. Among all derivatives of gallic acid, heptyl gallate has the best cytotoxic activity. In conclusion, methyl gallate, propyl gallate, butyl gallate, t-butyl gallate, pentyl gallate, and octyl gallate are alkyl ester derivatives of gallic acid with no cytotoxic activity. Ethyl gallate, isobutyl gallate, isopentyl gallate, and heptyl gallate are active derivatives of gallic acid. All methoxy derivatives of gallic acid do not show any cytotoxic activity in colon cancer cell.]