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Abstrak :
The growth and development of bone play an important role in orthodontics, were bone calcification can be used the estimate bone maturity for diagnosis and treatment planning. Nutritional status during pregnancy and infant period will influence the growth and development stages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to restore calcium and phosphorus in bone after pre- and postnatal calcium deficiency. Three groups of Rattus norvegicus rats were used in the experiments. The first group was the control group with standard diet, the second was infant group with pre- and postnatal calcium deficiency, and the third group consisted of young rats at weaning age with pre- and postnatal calcium deficiency but supplemented with enough calcium in the diet. Bone calcification stages were analyzed 1) histologically by measuring epiphyseal width on right femur, 2) by measuring calcium and phosphorus concentration on left femur with spectropometry, atomic absorbtion and UV spectroscopy. The data were analyzed by one way Anova and t testing. The results showed that there were significant differences in the epiphyseal width and in calcium and phosphorus concentrations between all three groups (p<0.01). It was concluded that bone calcification damage because of pre- and postnatal calcium deficiency was an irreversible process. Calcium supplement after bone calcification could not restore the condition.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Salah satu pengawet yang sering digunakan adalah formalin, untuk mengawetkan jaringan dan kadaver. Secara materi fiksatif, formalin terbukti berfungsi dengan baik, tetapi juga bersifat volatil, iritatif, toksik, serta karsinogenik. Oleh karena itu, teknik pengawetan kadaver lain perlu dikembangkan. Studi eksperimental ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan dua larutan (CaCl2 dan gliserin) bebas formalin sebagai pengawet lanjutan untuk jaringan hati tikus Sprague Dawley dengan larutan pengawet standar berformalin. Pengamatan yang dilakukan berupa pengamatan makroskopik, yaitu konsistensi organ dan keberadaan jamur serta mikroskopik untuk mengetahui jaringan nekrosis dan abnormalitas. Hasil studi menunjukkan hati yang diawetkan dengan larutan CaCl2 berakhir dengan konsistensi yang jelek. Hati yang diawetkan dengan larutan pengawet standar dan larutan gliserin menunjukkan konsistensi yang baik. Pada permukaan larutan CaCl2 ditemukan jamur, tetapi tidak dalam larutan dan hati yang terendam. Pada larutan gliserin dan larutan pengawet standar tidak ditemukan jamur. Pemeriksaan mikroskopik menunjukkan gambaran abnormal pada hati yang diawetkan dengan larutan gliserin maupun larutan pengawet standar. Kesimpulan dari studi ini adalah larutan CaCl2 memiliki efek pengawet yang lebih buruk dibandingkan dengan formalin dan larutan gliserin memiliki efek pengawet yang sebanding dengan larutan standar berformalin.

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ABSTRACT
Formaldehyde is one of the preservative materials that are commonly used for tissues, organs, and cadavers. Even though it has excellent fixative characteristic, formaldehyde is also volatile, irritative, toxic, and carcinogenic. Due to such reason, new formaldehyde-free preservative materials should be developed. This study aimed to compare formaldehyde-free solutions (CaCl2 and glycerine) as advance preservative materials to formaldehyde-based preservative (standard preservative solution), using liver tissues were extracted from Sprague Dawley rats as the preserved materials. Observations done in this research were macroscopic observation, which composed of consistency and presence of fungi, and microscopic observation that swas done to detect any necrotic or abnormal structure in cellular level. This study showed that livers preserved using CaCl2 has bad consistency compared to Standard Preservative solution as the control. Liver tissues preserved in standard preservative solution and glycerine solution showed good result. Microscopic results showed that all of the livers preserved in both glycerine and standard preservative solution have abnormal cellular structure. Presence of fungi was only positive on the surface of the CaCl2 solutions. Fungi were not found on surface of both solution preserved in glycerine solution and standard preservative solution. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CaCl2 solution provide worse preservative effect compared to formaldehyde, while highly concentrated glycerine has similar preservative effect compared to formaldehyde-based solution

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Validitas dan reliabilitas semiquantitative FFQ dalam mengukur asupan kalsium masih banyak menjadi perdebatan karena tidak melakukan pengukuran kuantitatif secara langsung. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas pengukuran asupan kalsium menggunakan semiqauntitative FFQ dengan golden standard food weighing. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan April sampai dengan Mei 2018 pada 54 Mahasiswa Gizi Universitas Indonesia yang dipilih dengan simple ramdom sampling. Validitas semiquantitative FFQ dalam mengukur kalsium dibandingkan dengan food weighing yang dilakukan selama dua hari, dan reliabilitas ditentukan dengan membandingkan asupan kalsium dua kali pengukuran menggunakan semiquantitative FFQ. Median asupan kalsium mahasiswa gizi Universits Indonesia berdasarkan semiquantitative FFQ median SD adalah 537 407,5 mg/hari. Sedangkan median asupan kalsium dari dua hari food weighing adalah 569 375,6 mg/hari. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara asupan kalsium dari kedua metode P>0,05. koefisien korelasi asupan kalsium kedua metode sebesar r=0,42 dengan korelasi yang signifikan P=0,001. Analisis surrogate category menunjukan bahwa semiquantitative FFQ dapat membedakan asupan kalsium pada berbagai tingkat kuartil asupan ANOVA, P80 mulai dari cutoff asupan 800mg/hari. Namun spesifisitas dan negative predictive value tetap

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ABSTRACT
Validity and reliability of semiquantitative FFQ still in debate because it is not directly measure the quantitative amount of food consume. This study was aim to evaluated the validity and reliability semiquantitative FFQ in measuring calcium intake compare with food weighing as golden standard. This study was cross sectional study conducted in April until Mei 2018 to 54 female Nutrition student of Universitas Indonesia mean aged 21 years old selected by simple random sampling. Reproducibility was tested by the difference between calcium intakes from the semiquantitative FFQ completed twice. While respondent reported 2 days food weighing to got the true usual calcium intake to compared with semiquantitative FFQ. Median calcium intake responden based on semiquantitatvie FFQ was Mean SD 537 407,5 mg day. While median calcium intake from 2 days food weighing was 569 375,6 mg day. There was no statictical different of calcium intake between two method. Coeficient correlation between two method was r 0,42 with significant correlation among them p 0,001. FFQ could discriminate calcium intake into some different level of intake ANOVA, P80 using cutoff calcium start from 800 mg day. But the specificity and negative predictive value could not reach that value in all the cutoff used 700,800,1000,1100 mg day. There was a significant diference between calcium intake between first and second administration of semiquantiative FFQ.

Abstrak :
Kalsium merupakan zat gizi yang berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan khususnya pada remaja. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan proporsi asupan kalsium berdasarkan kebiasaan konsumsi susu, kebiasaan sarapan, konsumsi soft drink, literasi gizi, pengetahuan mengenai kalsium, pendidikan ayah, pendidikan ibu, penghasilan orang tua/wali serta jenis kelamin. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan total sampel 142 siswa SMAN 34 Jakarta selama bulan April 2019. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner dan asupan kalsium diukur melalui SQ-FFQ. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 67.6% siswa memiliki asupan kalsium kurang dengan rata-rata 808.1 454 mg. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya perbedaan proporsi asupan kalsium yang signifikan berdasarkan konsumsi susu (p=0.000, OR=6.05), konsumsi soft drink (p=0.013, OR=0.18), dan literasi gizi kritikal (p=0.049, OR=3.05).

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Calcium is one of nutrient that plays an important role in growth, especially in adolescents. This study aims to determine the differences of calcium intake based on milk consumption, breakfast, soft drink consumption, nutrition literacy, calcium-related knowledge, fathers eduaction, mothers education, parents income and gender. This research adapts cross-sectional design with a total of 142 students of SMAN 34 jakarta during April 2019. Data was collected using questionnaire and SQ-FFQ method to measure calcium intake. Data were analayzed by chi-square test. The results showed 67.6% of students had less calcium intake with an average of 808.1 454mg. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference of calcium intake based on milk consumption(p=0.000, OR=6.05), soft drinks consumption(p=0.013, OR=0.18), and critical nutrition literacy(p=0.049, OR=3.05).

Abstrak :
Gemuk kalsium kompleks berpotensi digunakan dalam aplikasi food grade H-1. Agen pengompleks yang paling umum digunakan adalah asam asetat sedangkan asam azelat banyak digunakan sebagai agen pengompleks dalam gemuk litium kompleks, di mana kedua asam pengompleks rantai pendek ini memberikan gemuk dengan peforma yang sangat baik bila digunakan secara terpisah. Dalam penelitian ini, gemuk bio kalsium kompleks disintesis dengan menggunakan minyak goreng kelapa sawit sebagai minyak dasar, asam 12 – hidroksistearat sebagai asam lemak, bersama dengan kombinasi asam asetat dan asam azelat sebagai agen pengompleks. Gemuk dibuat dengan cara saponifikasi, diikuti dengan pendinginan dan homogenisasi. Komposisi campuran asam asetat dan asam azelat divariasikan untuk menunjukkan pengaruh interaksi antara kedua agen pengompleks ini yang ditentukan dengan melakukan uji peforma gemuk. Gemuk bio kalsium kompleks yang dihasilkan dari kombinasi ca-asetat dan ca-azelat memiliki NLGI 2 dengan sifat anti-aus dan mulur yang sangat baik dibandingkan hanya menggunakan satu agen pengompleks, dengan komposisi rasio persen berat terbaik dari asam asetat/asam azelat berada pada 80:20. Namun, dropping point yang dicapai masih lebih rendah dibanding ketika gemuk bio kalsium kompleks dibuat hanya dengan menggunakan asam asetat. ......Calcium complex grease has the potential to be used in H–1 food-grade application. The most common complexing agent used is acetic acid while azelaic acid is widely used as a complexing agent in lithium complex grease where these two short-chain complexing acids provide the final grease with great performance when used individually. In this study, calcium complex grease was synthesized by using palm oil as base oil, 12 – hydroxystearic acid as fatty acid, along with combination of acetic and azelaic acids as the complexing agents. Grease was manufactured by saponification, followed by cooling and homogenization. The weight percent composition of acetic acid and azelaic acid was varied to indicate the effect of the interaction between these two complexing agents which was determined by grease performance characteristic tests. The combination of ca-acetate and ca-azelaic as complexing salts in grease formulation had NLGI grade 2 consistency with excellent anti-wear properties and grease tackiness compared to calcium complex bio grease contains only single complexing agent, with the best weight percent ratio composition of acetic acid/azelaic acid was at 80:20. However, the dropping point achieved was still lower than when acetic acid was used alone in the formulation of calcium complex bio grease.

Abstrak :
This volume covers topics ranging from fundamental aspects of calcium signaling to its clinical implications, in a thoughtful and comprehensive way. It includes discussion of calcium signaling in different mammalian cells, oocytes, zebrafishes and even in plants.

Abstrak :
Kalsium merupakan zat gizi yang berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan asupan kalsium berdasarkan frekuensi konsumsi susu, frekuensi konsumsi sumber kalsium lain, preferensi rasa susu, kebiasaan sarapan, aktivitas fisik, jenis kelamin, pengetahuan mengenai kalsium, dan uang saku. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dan dilakukan pada 120 siswa SMP Islam PB Soedirman Jakarta Timur selama bulan April 2016. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner dan asupan kalsium diukur dengan wawancara food recall 2x24 jam. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t-test independent. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan 46% memiliki asupan kalsium kurang dengan rata-rata asupan kalsium 428± 340,3 mg. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan asupan kalsium yang signifikan berdasarkan frekuensi konsumsi susu, preferensi rasa susu, jenis kelamin, dan pengetahuan mengenai kalsium. ......Calcium plays a central role in human's growth. This research aims to explore and determine the differences of calcium intake based on milk consumption frequency, other calcium-rich foods sources frequency, milk-taste preferences, breakfast habit, physical activity, sex, calcium-related knowledge, and pocket money. This research adapts cross-sectional design with a total of 120 students of PB Soedirman Islamic Junior High School in West Jakarta during April 2016. Data was collected using questionnaire and food recall (2x24 hours) method to measure calcium intake. The data was analyzed using t-test independent test. The results showed that 46% of the students had calcium intake below 924 mg/day and the average calcium intake was 428±340.3 mg. Bivariate analysis results showed significant mean-difference of calcium intake based on milk consumption frequency, milk taste preference, sex, and calcium-related knowledge.