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Abstrak :
Isolated atoms in group II-B such as zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) are chemically stable. These atoms are important in the formation of excimer. Zinc in particular has been investigated by many researchers, as Zn2 excimer holds promise because of its long lifetime and its potential as an energy-storage system. However, excimer’s benefits are based on excitation of the outermost electron. Our study confirmed the quantum dynamical condensation processes in which inner-core excitation arises due to ion-recombination between the vapor phase and the solid phase. The X-ray diffraction of the condensed structure of zinc film had included strong diffuse scattering depending on the incident energies. In this research, we produced the excited state of zinc excimer characterized by an extremely long lifetime. Intriguingly, a feature of the zinc film is that it transforms from metallic to insulative. It is thought that such a structure with this characteristic has been affected by electron spin and atomic distortion by inner-core excitation. The structure obtained in our experiment is expected to prove promising in engineering applications, such as electronics, spintronics, and batteries.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilakukan daiam usaha untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadmium dan seng dalam pakan ayam terhadap kondisi ayam pedaging. Kadmium adalah logam yang beracun dan seng adalah logam esensiil. Mereka selalu ditemukan bersamaan dalam tambang maupun dalam jaringan hewan. Seng dapat mencegah keracunan kadmium. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 125 ekor ayam pedaging yang terbagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu : I. Kelompok kontrol, II. Kelompok yang diberi 50 ppm Cd, III. 100 ppm Cd, IV. 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Zn, dan V. 100 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Zn dalam pakannya. Berat badan dan konsumsi pakan diukur setiap minggu selama 4 minggu perlakuan. Sampel hati dan ginjal ayam diambil setiap minggu, didigesti dengan campuran asam dan dianalisis. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kadmium pada ayam pedaging terakumulasi dalam hati dan ginjal. Konsumsi pakan dan berat badan ayam dihambat oleh kadmium, tetapi dengan penambahan seng ke dalam pakannya, toksisitas kadmium dapat dicegah. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa seng baik untuk mencegah toksisitas kadmium walaupun akumulasi kadmium dalam Jaringan tidak dipengaruhi. ...... The aim of this study was to reduce the effect of cadmium toxicity on zinc supplementation in the chicken feed, because cadmium is a toxic metal and zinc is an essential element. Both metal are usually present naturally in the mixing area. A huhdreed and twenty five broiler chicken were divided in to 5 group. Each group was treated by 50 ppm Cd, 100 ppm Cd, 50 ppm Cd add 50 ppm zn, 100 pmm Cd add 50 ppm Zn, in their feed and a control group respectively. Body weight and feed consumption were measured every week during 4 week treatment. Sample of liver and kidney of chicken were collected every week as same as measuring the body weight, digested with acid mixture and analysed by atomic absorption spectrofotometer. The results indicated that cadmium was acummulated in the liver and kidney were increased coincided with longer time and dosis of exposure. Feed consumption and the body weight of chicken were inhibited by cadmium toxicity, but by added zinc in their feed the toxicity of cadmium was prevented. This study was concluded that zinc was a good treatment for cadmium toxicity, althought the acummulation of cadmium in the tissue was no affected.

Abstrak :
Kadmium ( Cd ) adalah logam berat yang ticlak berguna bagi tubuh dan dapat menimbulkan keracunan pada makluk fi^dup. Logam ini cenderung terakumulasi dalam jaringan tubuh dan mempunyai waktu paruh yang panjang. Cd masuk kedalarn tubuh melalui saluran pemapasan dan pencemaan. Makanan yang menganclung Cd menyebabkan masuknya logam ini ke dalam tubuh manusia. Telur ayarn petelur diduga mengandung Cd yang berasal dari pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Cd terhadap, produktivitas dan alcumulasinya dalam telur ayarn petelur. Tiap kelompok terdiri dari 20 ekor ayam. dan masing-masing diberi pakan yang ditambah Cd 10 dan 20 mg tiap kg pakan selama 2 bulan. Sebagai kontrol adalah kelompok ayam yang diberi pakan yang tidak ditambah Cd. Produksi telur diamati setiap hari. Sampel diambil setiap minggu, dioksidasi dengan campuran asam, dan dianalisis dengan memakai spektrofotometer ,serapan atom dimana prinsipnya adalah pengulcuran radiasi yang diserap oleh atom yang ingin ditentukan kadamya. Metode ini dipilih karena sederhana, cepat, peka, teliti dan selektif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa toksisitas Cd menurunkan produksi telur dari kelompok yang menclapat Cd 10 dan 20 mg per kg pakan mulai minggu ke-7 dari perlalcuan. Hal ini disebabkan karena Cd menghambat absorpsi kalsium yang dibutuhkan untuk pembentukan kulit telur. Pada umumnya, kadar Cd dalarn putih dan kuning telur dari kelompok yang yang mendapat pakan ditambah Cd 10 dan 20 mg tiap kg pakan, lebih tinggi daripada kontrol. Meskipun sebagian besar perbedaannya tidak nyata. Kadar Cd dalam putih telur lebih besar daripada dalam kuning telur dengan perbandingan 4: 1. ......Cadmium ( Cd ) is a heavy metal useless to the body and it can affect toxicity to biological life. This metal tends to accumulate in the tissues and has a long half-life. Cd enters the body through respiratory and digestive tract9. Cd-contaminated foods cause this metal to enter the human body. The eggs of the layer chicken are suspected to contain cadmiuni^ which comes from the poultry feed. The aim of this study was to know the effect of cadmium on the productivity and its accumulation in the eggs of layer chicken. Each group consisted of 20 chicken and were given poultry feed plus Cd 10 and 20 mg per kg of poultry feed respectively for 2 months. As the control group was the chicken fed without Cd addition. The egg production was observed everyday. Samples were taken everyweek, oxidized with an acid mixture, and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the principle of which was to measure the radiation absorption by the atom being determined. This method was chosen because of its simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity, accuration, and selectivity. The results indicated that cadmium toxicity decreased the egg production of the groups fed with Cd 10 and 20 mg per kg of poultry feed respectively, which started from the 7th week of the treatment. Probably, this was caused by Cd, which inhibited calcium absorption used for egg-shell formation. In general, the concentration of Cd in egg whites and yolks of the groups treated with Cd 10 and 20 mg per kg of poultry feed respectively, were higher than that of the control group. However most of the