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"Sebagai pihak ketiga, bystander pelecehan seksual berperan besar untuk meredakan situasi berisiko serta memberikan pertolongan pertama pada korban pasca kejadian. Kendati demikian, penelitian yang mengkaji proses pengambilan keputusan dan hasil intervensi bystander pelecehan seksual masih langka. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggali penghayatan bystander yang menyaksikan pelecehan seksual, lalu secara sukarela mengunggah pengalaman mereka ke forum online Quora dan Reddit. Peneliti memasukkan sejumlah kata kunci terkait pengalaman menjadi bystander pelecehan seksual di mesin pencari situs Quora dan Reddit. Dari temuan 14 unggahan / pertanyaan pemicu yang relevan, terdapat 589 jawaban pengguna yang diseleksi melalui sejumlah kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pada akhirnya diperoleh unggahan dari 87 orang bystander yang menceritakan 99 kasus pelecehan seksual. Melalui analisis tekstual terhadap unggahan, digali dua masalah penelitian, yakni (1) proses pembuatan keputusan bystander pada kasus-kasus pelecehan seksual serta (2) dampak intervensi bystander, mencakup penghayatan personal atas tindakan pribadi dan respons yang diterima. Terkait proses pembuatan keputusan, ditemukan adanya hambatan dalam menyadari kejadian, menginterpretasi kejadian sebagai pelecehan seksual, serta menentukan strategi intervensi praktis yang aman. Sebanyak 56,6% bystander mengintervensi, sementara sisanya tidak. Mayoritas intervensi bersifat langsung dan berfokus pada pelaku, dengan bystander berperan sebagai defender. Terkait dampak dari keputusan bystander, penghayatan positif mengenai hasil intervensi memperkuat intensi bystander untuk kembali mengintervensi dengan cara yang sama bila menemukan kejadian serupa, sementara penyesalan terhadap keputusan untuk tidak bertindak memunculkan intensi untuk mengintervensi di masa depan.

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As third parties, sexual harassment bystanders play a crucial role in deescalating risky situations and aiding survivors, yet there is limited research on their decision-making and intervention outcomes. This qualitative research delved into bystanders’ personal narratives on sexual harassment incidents, which they voluntarily uploaded to online forums such as Quora and Reddit. By entering several keywords related to sexual harassment bystander experiences into Quora and Reddit’s search engines, 14 relevant posts or trigger questions were found. From these, 589 user responses were derived and selected based on several inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ultimately, posts from 87 bystanders were gathered, containing narratives on 99 sexual harassment incidents. Through textual analysis of these posts, two main research problems were formulated: (1) the decision-making process of bystanders in sexual harassment cases and (2) the outcomes of bystanders’ decisions, including their personal reflections on their choices and the responses of all stakeholders involved in the incidents. Critical findings on bystanders’ decision-making processes include barriers in noticing events, interpreting incidents as sexual harassment, and determining practical strategies to intervene safely. It was found that 56.6% of bystanders intervened, while the rest did not. Most interventions were direct actions focused on perpetrators, where bystanders acted as defenders. Regarding decisional outcomes, positive interpretations of intervention results strengthened bystanders’ intention to use the same strategy if they encountered more sexual harassment cases. Conversely, regret over inaction led to a resolve to act in the future."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan model konseptual yang menjelaskan bagaimana peranan orientasi nilai, kebahagiaan psikologis dan keyakinan efikasi dalam perilaku menolong saksi perundungan. Pertanyaan penelitian ini dijawab melalui perhitungan struktural dari dua model konseptual. Responden penelitian adalah siswa dan orang dewasa misalnya guru, orang tua siswa. Penelitian dilakukan melalui dua studi. Pada studi pertama didapatkan 2.765 kuesioner dan pada studi dua didapatkan 2.387 kuesioner yang dapat diolah. Selain penyebaran kuesioner, juga dilakukan FGD untuk memperkaya hasil penelitian. Hasil perhitungan SEM menunjukkan model konseptual 2 lebih baik daripada model konseptual 1. Terbukti bahwa orientasi nilai, kebahagiaan psikologis, keyakinan efikasi komunitas dan keyakinan efikasi diri berperan bersama-sama dalam perilaku menolong saksi. Keyakinan efikasi diri ditemukan memediasi kebahagiaan psikologis dan keyakinan efikasi komunitas. Dari analisa kualitatif diketahui bahwa saksi bersedia membela korban, namun ragu untuk bertindak. Salah satu kekhawatiran saksi adalah ia tidak didukung komunitas sekolah dan dianggap ingin muncul sebagai pahlawan sendiri. Implikasi untuk intervensi perundungan dibahas.

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The purpose of this research is to prove the conceptual model, that explains the role of value orientation, psychological well being, and efficacy beliefs on bullying bystander rsquo s helping behavior. The research question is being obtained through structural equation modeling SEM of two conceptual models. The research respondents are students and adults such as teachers, parents. Two studies were completed, with 2.765 questionnaires from the first study and 2.387 questionnaires from the second study. Besides using questionnaires, FGD was executed to enrich the results of the research.

The result of SEM rsquo s showed that the second conceptual model is a better fit than the first conceptual model. It is proved that value orientation, psychological well being, collective efficacy and self efficacy beliefs have a role together in determining the bystander rsquo s helping behavior. Self efficacy has been found to mediate psychological well being and collective efficacy. Based on the qualitative analysis, it has been known that the bystanders would defend the victim, but hesitated in taking actions. One of the bystander rsquo s concern was whether he she is supported or not by the school community and was judged as being a 'single hero'. Implications for bulying intervention are discussed."