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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengeksplor sejumlah faktor yang membuat perusahaan Uber Technologies Inc. dapat bertahan di Indonesia dan tersingkir di Cina pada tahun 20142016 dalam perspektif ekonomi-politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-eksploratif dengan pengumpulan data studi literatur dan wawancara. Uber merupakan sebuah perusahaan start-up dengan model sharing-economy yang menyediakan platform aplikasi untuk memfasilitasi transaksi antara mitra pengemudi kendaraan pribadinya dengan penumpang. Dengan masifnya modal yang dimiliki, Uber terus melakukan ekspansi dan mempengaruhi industri transportasi umum secara global dalam waktu yang singkat. Temuan penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa faktor sistem ekonomi-politik, kondisi industri dan ketersediaan transportasi umum, persepsi masyarakat terhadap Uber, dan posisi kemampuan negara vis a vis Uber dalam membangun jaringan bisnis-politik menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan negara untuk membendung bisnis Uber di Indonesia dan Cina.

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ABSTRACT This study explores a number of factors that led to Uber Technolgies Inc. business survival in Indonesia and extinction in China in the year 2014 2016 through a political economy perspective. The study uses qualitative explorative method based on secondary data and interviews. Uber is a start up company with sharing economymodel, providings application platform that facilitates transaction between its partner drivers and passengers. Uber continues to expand its business which affects public transport industry globally in a short period of time with its massive capital. Findings on this study shows that economy political system, public transportation industry condition, public perception towards Uber, and state rsquo s ability in building a strong political business network vis a vis Uber rsquo s are the factors that influence Indonesia and China in retaining Uber rsquo s business in each country.

Abstrak :
Kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal merupakan salah satu kebijakan fiskal dalam rangka membantu melaksanakan otonomi daerah. Pada pelaksanaannya, kebijakan ini memengaruhi tingkat efisiensi pemerintah daerah dalam memanfaatkan sumber anggaran yang tersedia dalam rangka meningkatkan pembangunan daerah. Namun, ada pola political budget cycle cenderung mendistrupsi kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal yang tercermin dari alokasi yang berlebihan pada jenis anggaran tertentu menjelang masa pilkada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh kebijakan desentralisasi terhadap efisiensi anggaran dengan turut mempertimbangkan faktor political budget cycle (PBC) sebagai salah satu indikator yang dapat melemahkan kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari 490 kabupaten dan kota dalam kurun waktu 2010 hingga 2018 dan melakukan estimasi efisiensi menggunakan metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), serta metode Fixed Effect Model (FEM) sebagai metode utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kehadiran pola PBC pada pemerintah daerah akan melemahkan dampak positif dari desentralisasi fiskal sisi penerimaan dan memperparah dampak negatif dari desentralisasi fiskal sisi pengeluaran terhadap efisiensi anggaran. ......The decentralization fiscal policy is one fiscal policy that shifts responsibility to local government to encourage regional autonomy. In implementation, this policy might affect local budget efficiency in allocating fiscal budgets to boost local development. However, the presence of political budget cycle (PBC) tends to disrupt fiscal decentralization policy with excessive budget allocation on certain budget during local election. This study examines the effect of decentralization policy on budget efficiency by considering the presence of the political budget cycle (PBC) as one of the indicators that can interfere with the policy. Furthermore, to assess the research question, this study utilizes data from 490 cities during 2010-2018. It estimates efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Model and Fixed Effect Model (FEM) for the main estimation. The result shows that PBC presence will weaken the positive effect of the revenue side and exacerbate the negative effect of the spending-side of fiscal decentralization on budget efficiency.

Abstrak :
The study of multinational companies (MNCs) has been split for many decades into two camps which hardly talked to each other: a) predominantly economic and functionalist oriented International Business Researchers, and b) largely social constructivist and critical management oriented Organization Theorists. This volume intends to build bridges by bringing together leading international scholars from both camps, who provide new insights in the study of MNCs. In addition to the bridge-building exercise, the book aims to develop a more comprehensive organizational theoretical understanding as well as methodological plurality in the study of how MNCs function in the post-millennium era, both internally and externally, and also how they control their international operations across economic, institutional, cultural, linguistic, political and social divides. Key topics addressed in our volume include: historical perspectives on the study of MNCs, the role of increased financialization and marketization on MNCs, the new role of the HQ within contemporary MNC, the role of language in MNCs, discursive studies of MNCs, labour representation in MNCs as well as social movements and corporate social responsibility and MNCs.