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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Candi sebagai salah satu tinggalan arkeologis dapat menjadi suatu petunjuk telah berlangsungnya aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Menurut kitab India, Shilpa Shastra dan Manasara, pembangunan candi memiliki aturan-aturan yang harus ditaati, termasuk salah satunya mengenai penilaian terhadap kondisi dan kemampuan lahan yang akan dijadikan tempat bangunan suci tersebut. Di Indonesia karakterisitik fisik suatu wilayah dapat menjadi suatu pertimbangan tersendiri di dalam proses pembangunan suatu candi. Persebaran candi di Indonesia meliputi beberapa daerah, yaitu Sumatera, Jawa, Bali, dan Kalimantan. Pulau Jawa, terutama Jawa Tengah, merupakan wilayah di Indonesia yang memiliki tinggalan budaya masa klasik berupa candi cukup banyak. Pola persebaran candi di Jawa Tengah cenderung mengelompok pada satu lokasi, yaitu Magelang. Pola persebaran candi yang mengelompok di Jawa Tengah ini memperlihatkan bahwa penempatan candi di Jawa Tengah sudah dalam batas-batas tertentu mengikuti aturan umum, seperti yang tertulis dalam kitab India, yang berlaku dalam masyarakat. Lokasi candi di Jawa Tengah umumnya berada di ketinggian 100 – 500 mdpl, lereng 2- 15%, bentuk wilayah volkan, jenis tanah andisol dengan batuan penyusun extrusive intermediate, dan berada dekat dengan sungai.

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ABSTRACT
Candi as one of the archaeological remains can be a clue already on going activities under taken by a community. According to the book of India, Shilpa Shastra and Manasara, the construction of Candi has rules that must be adhered to,including the one on the assessment of the condition and the ability of the land to be used as a place of sacred buildings. In Indonesia,the physical characteristics of an area can be a separate consideration in the process of construction of a Candi. Distribution temple covers some areas in Indonesia, like Sumatra, Java, Bali and Borneo. Java, especially Central Java,is an area in Indonesia which has a pretty much a period of cultural remains the classic form of Candi. The spatial pattern of Candi in Central Java tend to cluster in one location, namely Magelang. Clumped spatial pattern Candi in Central Java shows that Candi in Central Java placement is within the limits specified following the general rule, as writtenin the book of India, prevailing in society. Locations temple in Central Java based on the physical characteristics of the region are at an altitude of 100-500 meters above sea level, slopes 2-15%, form volcanic region, soil type andisol with extrusive rock intermediate constituent, and is close to the river.

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Chinese architecture has had a long history exceeding 3500 years if we acknowledge the palace ruins of the prehistoric Shang-Yin dynasty as its earliest surviving example. Architectural complexes described in ancient texts, such as the He Palace of Huangdi (Yellow Emperor), suggest their existence at the very beginning of the Chinese civilization. Some fundamental principles developed by architects and builders centuries ago have perpetuated for thousands of years. One such notion is mentioned in the chapter titled Da-yu-mo (Counsels of the Great Yu) in Shang Shu (Book of History)：putting right the virtues, using tools that provide the conveniences of daily life, and securing the rich means of sustaining life are things that must be harmoniously attend to.

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The Chinese Treasure World Heritage in China is a full- length academic pictorial album offering unrivalled coverage of the UNESCO World Heritage List entries in China, with detailed specialist content from Chinese architectural experts and stunning photography.

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Borobudur Temple has its own magnet to more than 2 million tourists both domestic and foreign tourists. This research aim is to study revitalization aspect needed in Borobudur Temple area. The main problem in Borobudur is the degradation of environment physical quality, the decline of visitor experience quality, and the decline of Borobudur image as world heritage site. Methods used in this research is qualitative methods with rasionalistic paradigm. While analyses tool used in this research consist of socio-culture analyses, sosio-economy analyses, land use analyses, and tourism analyses. The findings of development analyses is a basic and strategic action to develop physical and non-physical Borobudur Temple area its environment thus Borobudur can defend its image as a world heritage site. This research concluded that Revitalization of Borobudur Temple Area is absolutely needed. Revitalization of Borobudur Temple Area will cover development of Zone 2 and 3, so it will contribute benefit to the development of Borobudur area and its surroundings.

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Over the course of its 2,500-year history, Buddhism has found expression in countless architectural forms, from the great monastic complexes of ancient India to the fortified dzongs of Bhutan, the rock-carved temple grottoes of China, the wooden shrines of Japan, and the colorful wats of Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand. Architecture of the Buddhist World, a projected six-volume series by the noted architect and scholar Vikram Lall, represents a new multidisciplinary approach to this fascinating subject, showing how Buddhist thought and ritual have interacted with local traditions across the Asian continent to produce masterpieces of religious architecture. The first volume in the series, The Golden Lands, is devoted to Southeast Asia, home to many of the most spectacular Buddhist monuments. Following a general introduction to the early history of Buddhism and its most characteristic architectural forms (the stupa, the temple, and the monastery), Lall examines the Buddhist architecture of Myanmar, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, and Laos in turn. For each country, he provides both a historical overview and case studies of noteworthy structures. Lall's concise and accessible text is illustrated throughout with new color photography, as well as 3-D architectural renderings that make even the most complex structures easily comprehensible. The monuments that Lall considers in The Golden Lands range from the modest Bupaya stupa, constructed in Bagan, Myanmar, in the third century AD, to the vast complex of Borobudur in Central Java, the world's largest Buddhist monument; his achievement is to place them all within a single panorama of history, religion, and artistic innovation.

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Three dimensional virtual model has a very promising method to visualize archeological building. In this case, amateur digital camera can be used to take pictures of archeological building. Utilizing amateur digital camera based on some reasons. i.e: it's available on market, low cost price, and very good radiometric and spatial resolution. This research investigates 3D virtual model of archeological building which developed using close range photogrammetry (CRP) by utilizing amateur digital camera. In this case, Kelir Temple, which located in Taman Wisata Prambanan, is chosen as a model. The research carried out in 4 steps: premarking and measuring temple dimension, taking overlap snapshot, photogrammetric processing of overlap images, and evaluation of result. The research shows 3D virtual model of Kelir Temple has very realistic vizualization, and average descrepancy between direct measurement using tape meter and measurement in 3D virtual model is 0.39 cm. The result indicate that utilizing amateur digital camera and CRP processing is suitable to construct a 3D virtual model of archeological Temple.