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"Untuk mendapatkan udara pernafasan pada penyelaman,semua penyelam menggunakan alat yang dinamakan kompresor.Aalat ini dirancang untuk mendapatkan kemampuan daya tekan/kompresi yng tinggi sehingga menghasilkan tekanan udara yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan,yati bisa mengisi tabung selam (dive tank) sesuai kemampuan isinya, biasanya bertekanan 3000 psi...."

"[Bau mulut (Halitosis) merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang dikeluhkan sebagian besar masyarakat. Komponen utama pada bau mulut adalah volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), yaitu hidrogen sulfida (H2S), metil merkaptan (CH3SH), dan dimetilsulfida ((CH3)2S). Salah satu bahan alami yang secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengurangi bau mulut adalah buah burahol (Stelechocarpus burahol). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi efek sediaan tablet hisap yang mengandung buah kepel dalam mengontrol bau mulut. Tiga puluh orang subyek sehat dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitukelompok tablet hisap eksrak buah kepel dan kelompok permen karet xilitol. Subyek menggunakan tablet hisap pada pagi setelah makan pagi dan siang setelah makan siang. Pemeriksaan bau mulut dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali, yaitu segera setelah bangun tidur, setelah makan pagi, dan siang hari sesudah makan siang. Variabel pemeriksaan bau mulut yang diukur adalah skor organoleptik, kadar H2S,kadar CH3SH, dan kadar (CH3)2S. Efek tablet hisap ekstrak buah burahol sebanding dengan permen karet xilitol dalam menurunkan kadar H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S dan skor organoleptik bau mulut pada subyek. Tablet hisap yang mengandung ekstrak buah burahol (Stelechocarpus burahol) efektif dalam mengontrol bau mulut sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan bau mulut (halitosis).;

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Oral malodour (Haitosis) as an oral problem that most people complain. In all cases, bad breath is caused by the presence of volatile organic compounds originating from the mouth or the expired air. The aim of this study is know of the effect of lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral malodour in normal subjects. Thirty normal subjects were divided into two groups

randomly, one groups received lozenges containing kepel fruits and the other groups received lozenges containing xilitol. Subjects receiving as much two tablets lozenges each day during one day, ie morning after breakfast and after lunch. Oral malodour examination performed three times, ie immediately after waking, after breakfast, and afternoon after lunch. Variable oral malodour is measured levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S. The result were shown that lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) did not differ with lozenges containing xilitol in reducing the levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and organoleptics oral malodour in normal subjects. Lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) is effective in controlling oral malodour so it can be used for the treatment of oral malodour (Halitosis).;Oral malodour (Haitosis) as an oral problem that most people complain. In all cases,

bad breath is caused by the presence of volatile organic compounds originating

from the mouth or the expired air. The aim of this study is know of the effect of

lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral

malodour in normal subjects. Thirty normal subjects were divided into two groups

randomly, one groups received lozenges containing kepel fruits and the other

groups received lozenges containing xilitol. Subjects receiving as much two

tablets lozenges each day during one day, ie morning after breakfast and after

lunch. Oral malodour examination performed three times, ie immediately after

waking, after breakfast, and afternoon after lunch. Variable oral malodour is

measured levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S. The result were shown that lozenges

containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) did not differ with lozenges

containing xilitol in reducing the levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and

organoleptics oral malodour in normal subjects.

Lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) is effective in

controlling oral malodour so it can be used for the treatment of oral malodour

(Halitosis).;Oral malodour (Haitosis) as an oral problem that most people complain. In all cases,

bad breath is caused by the presence of volatile organic compounds originating

from the mouth or the expired air. The aim of this study is know of the effect of

lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral

malodour in normal subjects. Thirty normal subjects were divided into two groups

randomly, one groups received lozenges containing kepel fruits and the other

groups received lozenges containing xilitol. Subjects receiving as much two

tablets lozenges each day during one day, ie morning after breakfast and after

lunch. Oral malodour examination performed three times, ie immediately after

waking, after breakfast, and afternoon after lunch. Variable oral malodour is

measured levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S. The result were shown that lozenges

containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) did not differ with lozenges

containing xilitol in reducing the levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and

organoleptics oral malodour in normal subjects.

Lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) is effective in

controlling oral malodour so it can be used for the treatment of oral malodour

(Halitosis)., Oral malodour (Haitosis) as an oral problem that most people complain. In all cases,

bad breath is caused by the presence of volatile organic compounds originating

from the mouth or the expired air. The aim of this study is know of the effect of

lozenges containing kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) in controlling oral

malodour in normal subjects. Thirty normal subjects were divided into two groups

randomly, one groups received lozenges containing kepel fruits and the other

groups received lozenges containing xilitol. Subjects receiving as much two

tablets lozenges each day during one day, ie morning after breakfast and after

lunch. Oral malodour examination performed three times, ie immediately after

waking, after breakfast, and afternoon after lunch. Variable oral malodour is

measured levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S. The result were shown that lozenges

containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) did not differ with lozenges

containing xilitol in reducing the levels of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and

organoleptics oral malodour in normal subjects.

Lozenges containing kepel fruits (Stelechocarpus burahol) is effective in

controlling oral malodour so it can be used for the treatment of oral malodour

(Halitosis).]"

"Latar Belakang: Terdapat penelitian yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara faktor interaksi sosial, yaitu jenis kelamin dan tingkat pengetahuan dengan self-perceived halitosis. Masih terdapat beberapa faktor interaksi sosial lainnya yang belum diketahui hubungannya dengan self-perceived halitosis. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi hubungan antara faktor-faktor interaksi sosial dan self-perceived halitosis pada remaja DKI Jakarta. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Self-perceived halitosis diukur melalui self-assessment halitosis menggunakan metode licking wrist dan interaksi sosial diukur menggunakan 23 pertanyaan kueioner. Hasil: self-perceived halitosis lebih tinggi pada laki-laki dibanding perempuan (p = 0,038, r = - 0,139). Selain itu, adanya pengalaman tidak menyenangkan mengenai bau mulut meningkatkan self-perceived halitosis (p = 0,011, r = 0,136) dan semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan maka semakin tinggi self-perceived halitosis. Faktor interaksi sosial lainnya tidak memiliki hubungan dengan self-perceived halitosis (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan antara faktor jenis kelamin, pengalaman/persepsi sosial, dan pendidikan terhadap self-perceived halitosis.

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Background: There are studies that show a relationship between social interaction factors, that is gender and level of knowledge with self-perceived halitosis. There are still several other social interaction factors in which the relationships toward self-perceived halitosis have not yet known.

Objective: To identify the relationship between social interaction factors and self-perceived halitosis toward adolescents in DKI Jakarta.

Methods: The study is using cross-sectional design. Self-perceived halitosis was measured through self-assessment of halitosis using the licking wrist method and social interaction was measured using 23 questionnaire questions.

Result: self-perceived halitosis was higher in males than females (p = 0.038, r = - 0.139). In addition, having an unpleasant experience with halitosis increases self-perceived halitosis (p = 0.011, r = 0.136) and the higher the level of education, the higher the self-perceived halitosis. Other social interaction factors have no relationship with self-perceived halitosis (p>0,05).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between gender, social experience factors, and level of education on self-perceived halitosis."

"[ABSTRACTHalitosis merupakan masalah medico-social yang mempengaruhi citra dan kepercayaan diri seseorang serta masyarakat. Kemampuan seseorang untuk mengetahui bahwa dirinya memiliki halitosis dan sejauh mana bau tersebut mengganggu khalayak ramai belum diketahui, sehingga diperlukan informasi mengenai gambaran perceived needs halitosis dengan metode self-assessment.Sampel penelitian didapat dengan menyebar angket formulir ekektronik dan didapatkan 1253 responden mahasiswa S1 Universitas Indonesia. Hasil uji Chi Square menunjukan terdapat perbedaan responden dengan bau mulut dan tanpabau mulut berdasarkan karakteristik, persepsi waktu terjadinya bau mulut, menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut, serta persepsi keadaan rongga mulut memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan halitosis, sedangkan penyakit sistemik dan kebiasaan selfcare tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan.

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ABSTRACTHalitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person and community. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessment methods is necessary to know the effect of someone?s perception about halitosis and how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-form questionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students of Universitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differences in respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristic, perception of halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, however systemic diseases and self care habit don't have significant differences. Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person and community. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessment methods is necessary to know the effect of someone's perception about halitosis and how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-form questionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students of Universitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differences in respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristics, perception of halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, however systemic diseases and self care habit don't have significant differences.;Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person andcommunity. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessmentmethods is necessary to know the effect of someone?s perception about halitosisand how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-formquestionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students ofUniversitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differencesin respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristics; perceptionof halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, howeversystemic diseases and self care habit don?t have significant differences.;Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person andcommunity. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessmentmethods is necessary to know the effect of someone?s perception about halitosisand how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-formquestionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students ofUniversitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differencesin respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristics; perceptionof halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, howeversystemic diseases and self care habit don?t have significant differences., Halitosis is a medico-social problem that affects the confidence of a person andcommunity. The information of perceived needs halitosis by using self-assessmentmethods is necessary to know the effect of someone?s perception about halitosisand how far it affects community. Samples were obtained by distributing e-formquestionnaire and there were 1253 respondents from undergraduate students ofUniversitas Indonesia. Chi Square test shows that there are significant differencesin respondents with or without halitosis based on these characteristics; perceptionof halitosis occurring time, oral hygiene, and perception of oral health, howeversystemic diseases and self care habit don?t have significant differences.]"

"Latar belakang: Bau mulut merupakan kondisi yang umum terjadi dan dapat berdampak negatif pada kualitas hidup seseorang. Melalui YouTube, banyak orang dapat mengakses informasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis kualitas informasi, kelengkapan konten, dan reliabilitas video YouTube mengenai bau mulut berbahasa Indonesia. Metode: Studi cross-sectional yang mengikuti petunjuk PRISMA flow diagram. Total terdapat 300 video dengan 3 kata kunci pencarian, yaitu “Bau mulut”, “Bau napas tidak sedap”, dan “Bau mulut busuk”. Semua video dicatat jumlah likes, dislikes, views, hari sejak upload, durasi, interaction index, viewing rate, dan kategori sumber (healthcare professional, pribadi, edukasi, profit companies). Video score digunakan untuk menilaii kualitas informasi, kelengkapan konten dan untuk mengkategorikan video menjadi "poor", “good", dan "excellent". DISCERN digunakan untuk menilai reliabilitas video. Hasil: Dari 105 video yang dianalisis, sebanyak 68 video (64,8%) diunggah oleh pengguna pribadi. Secara umum, video dikategorikan “buruk” dan realibilitasnya rendah. Video yang bersumber dari healthcare professional menunjukkan kualitas, kelengkapan konten, dan reliabilitas informasi yang paling tinggi. (p<0,05, uji Kruskal Wallis). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam jumlah views pada video berdurasi kurang dari dan lebih dari 4 menit. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada jumlah views video kurang dari dan lebih dari 6 menit. (p<0,05, uji Mann Whitney). Semakin lama durasi maka semakin tinggi kualitas dan reliabilitas video, tetapi semakin sedikit ditonton. Kesimpulan: Dalam penelitian ini, video mengenai bau mulut yang baik adalah yang diunggah oleh healthcare professional. Secara umum, video YouTube mengenai bau mulut dikategorikan “poor” menurut kualitas dan kelengkapan kontennya. Pengguna YouTube cenderung menyukai video berkualitas rendah dibandingkan berkualitas tinggi yang menggambarkan bahwa penonton tidak dapat membedakan antara konten yang reliabel dan berpotensi bias.

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Background: Bad breath is a common condition and can harm the quality of life. Through YouTube, many people can access oral health information.

Objective: To analyze the quality of information, comprehensiveness of the content, and YouTube video’s reliability regarding bad breath in Indonesian.

Methods: A cross-sectional study that following PRISMA flow diagrams. Total of 300 videos were collected based on three search keywords, "Bad breath", "Unpleasant breath", and "Oral malodor". All videos are recorded the number of likes, dislikes, views, duration, interaction index, viewing rate, and source category (healthcare professional, personal, education, and profit companies). Video scores represent the value of information quality, comprehensiveness of content, and to categorize videos as "poor”, “good," and "excellent". DISCERN was used to assess video reliability.

Results: From the 105 videos analyzed, 68 (64.8%) were uploaded by personal users. In general, videos are categorized as "poor" and have low reliability. Videos sourced from healthcare professionals show the highest quality, comprehensiveness of the content, and reliability (p <0.05, Kruskal Wallis test). There’s no significant difference in the number of viewers for video’s duration less than and more than 4 minutes. But, there’s a considerable difference in the number of viewers for video’s duration less than and more than 6 minutes (p <0.05, Mann Whitney test). The longer the duration, the higher the video's quality and reliability, but the less watched.

Conclusion: In this study, videos were categorized as “good” uploaded most by healthcare professionals. In general, YouTube videos about bad breath were categorized as “poor” according to the quality and comprehensiveness of the content. YouTube users tend to like lower quality videos over high quality which illustrates that viewers cannot differentiate between reliable and potentially biased content."

"COVID-19 menimbulkan permasalahan kesehatan baik secara fisiologis maupun psikologis. Masalah fisiologis yang utama adalah gangguan pernapasan, salah satunya penurunan kadar saturasi oksigen yang dapat memberikan risiko mortalitas. Ancaman kematian dan penurunan kondisi kesehatan menyebabkan gangguan psikologis, diantara lain kecemasan. Penggunaan terapi oksigen dan farmakoterapi juga perlu didukung oleh terapi komplementer salah satunya teknik relaksasi napas dalam dan terapi musik nature sound. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh teknik relaksasi napas dalam dan terapi musik nature sound pada saturasi oksigen dan kecemasan pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan quasi experimental dengan pendekatan pretest-postest control group design dengan 66 sampel yang diambil secara non probability. Analisis statistik menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon dan Uji Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, ada pengaruh teknik relaksasi napas dalam dan terapi musik nature sound pada peningkatan nilai saturasi oksigen dan penurunan skor kecemasan pasien COVID-19 dengan nilai p value < 0.05. Perbedaan nilai saturasi oksigen dan skor kecemasan setelah intervensi antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol memberikan hasil, nilai saturasi oksigen p value > 0.05, sedangkan skor kecemasan p value < 0.05. Kedua intervensi tersebut dapat dijadikan standar operasional pelayanan pada pasien COVID-19 dengan permalasahan saturasi dan kecemasan.

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COVID-19 causes health problems both physiologically and psychologically. The main physiological problem is respiratory disorders, one of which is a decrease in oxygen saturation levels which can pose a risk of mortality. The threat of death and the decline in health conditions cause psychological disorders, including anxiety. The use of oxygen therapy and pharmacotherapy also needs to be supported by complementary therapies, one of which is deep breathing relaxation techniques and nature sound music therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of deep breathing relaxation techniques and nature sound music therapy on oxygen saturation and anxiety of COVID-19 patients. This study uses a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest control group design approach with 66 samples taken non-probability. Statistical analysis using Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test. The results showed that there was an effect of deep breathing relaxation techniques and nature sound music therapy on increasing oxygen saturation values ​​and decreasing anxiety scores of COVID-19 patients with p value < 0.05. The difference in oxygen saturation values ​​and anxiety scores after the intervention between the intervention group and the control group gave results, the oxygen saturation value p value > 0.05, while the anxiety score p value < 0.05. Both of these interventions can be used as service operational standards for COVID-19 patients with saturation and anxiety problems."

"Striktur esofagus adalah penyempitan lumen esophagus akibat inflamasi dan nekrosis. Laparotomy feeding jejunostomy yaitu prosedur bedah umum yang dilakukan untuk pasien yang tidak dapat makan secara oral sampai dengan operasi definitif. Nyeri merupakan efek dari pembedahan. Teknik relaksasi merupakan metode untuk mengurangi tekanan terkait dengan rasa nyeri. Tujuan karya tulis ini untuk menganalisis kegiatan pemberian intervensi teknik relaksasi: nafas dalam pada Ny. RA dengan striktur esofagus post laparatomy feeding jejunostomy. Teknik relaksasi merupakan teknik untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri dengan menggunakan pernapasan yang lambat dan berirama. Skrining dan evaluasi nyeri mengunakan Nurmeric Rating Scale. Latihan relaksasi diberikan sehari sekali selama 5 menit dalam 3 hari. Hasil dari karya ilmiah ini menunjukan adanya penurunan skor nyeri yang dinilai dengan Numeric Rating Scale. Skor NRS sebelum dilakukan intervensi adalah 5 dan NRS setelah dilakukan intervensi menjadi 2. Karya ilmiah ini diharapkan dapat digunakan menjadi salah satu dasar untuk dijadikan panduan dalam pembuatan Standar Prosedur Operasional latihan relaksasi untuk pasien post laparotomy feeding jejunostomy

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Esophageal stricture is a narrowing of the lumen of the esophagus due to inflammation and necrosis. Laparotomy feeding jejunostomy is a common surgical procedure performed for patients who cannot eat orally until definitive surgery. Pain is an effect of surgery. Relaxation techniques are methods to reduce the pressure associated with pain. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the activity of providing relaxation technique interventions: deep breathing to Ny. RA with esophageal stricture post laparotomy feeding jejunostomy. Relaxation technique is a technique to reduce pain by using slow and rhythmic breathing. Screening and evaluation of pain using the Nurmeric Rating Scale. Relaxation exercises are given once a day for 5 minutes for 3 days. The results of this scientific work show a decrease in pain scores as assessed by the Numeric Rating Scale. The NRS score before the intervention was 5 and the NRS after the intervention was 2. This scientific work is expected to be used as a basis to be used as a guide in making Standard Operating Procedures for relaxation exercises for post-laparotomy feeding jejunostomy patients."