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Abstrak :
Explores the life of Pedro Archanjo, a mulatto man who spent his life fighting prejudice

Abstrak :
By reading this book, business people, academics and chain practitioners have an opportunity to understand this chain. and can analyse all of its numbers and economics and exercise strategy building. This is needed since the orange juice market is a stable market in the world, growing only 1% per year, and the production costs of this chain are rising fast, due to structural changes faced by world food and agribusiness companies i.e. labour costs, energy costs, land costs, environmental costs and others.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini menginvestigasi keterikatan antara politik Brazil dengan bantuan luar negeri A.S. yang terfokus pada “linkage” antara kebijakan luar negeri A.S. dan arah pembuatan kebijakan rezim militer Brazil antara tahun 1964-1985. Pada saat itu, bantuan A.S. melibatkan skema promosi demokrasi sebagai syarat bagi negara penerima bantuan, meski literaturnya belum menghubungkan “gelombang ketiga” demokratisasi dengan bantuan luar negeri A.S., terutama dengan studi kasus per negara sebagai penerima bantuan. Maka, tesis ini bertujuan untuk meletakkan hubungan antara bantuan A.S. sebagai salah satu faktor penyebab demokratisasi di Brazil dengan menggunakan teori modernisasi dan demokratisasi, serta konsep profesionalisme baru militer. Riset ini menggunakan logika bahwa, apabila bantuan A.S. adalah upaya jangka panjang untuk membangun kedekatan dengan negara-negara yang dianggap penting secara geopolitik pada masanya, maka bantuan A.S. bersifat instrumental dalam menghadirkan demokratisasi di Brazil yang berdampak signifikan terhadap politik dalam negeri, walau dipicu secara lintas perbatasan. Tesis ini berkesimpulan dua hal: pertama, militer adalah satu institusi yang bertindak sebagai pemerintah dan juga aktor keamanan yang sekaligus menjadikannya penerima berbagai jenis bantuan, sehingga pengaruh besar militer terhadap masyarakat membuka satu jalur di mana A.S. dapat memengaruhi proses pembuatan keputusan rezim sehingga dapat menjauh dari sikap otoriter dan membuka jalan untuk transisi menuju pemerintahan sipil; kedua, bahwa fokus spesifik terhadap hak asasi manusia memaksa rezim militer untuk mengimbangi keamanan nasional atau hak individu, dalam konteks hubungan ketergantungan dengan A.S. ...... This thesis investigates the interlocking relationship between Brazilian politics and U.S. foreign aid, focusing specifically on the linkage between U.S. foreign policy and the Brazilian military regime’s policymaking directions between 1964-1985. Accordingly, U.S. aid includes democracy promotion as a condition for countries to receive aid, though studies have not gone as far as linking foreign aid to the “third wave of democratization” and, in particular, the experience of individual countries as recipients of aid. This thesis aims to establish the link between U.S. aid and democracy promotion in Brazil through abertura by employing the theories of modernization and international factors of democratization. The research embraces the logic that, if U.S. aid was a sustained effort to maintain close ties with countries deemed crucial to the geopolitical imperatives at the time, then aid was instrumental in bringing democratization to Brazil that, while international in nature, had significant national effects. This thesis concludes with two overarching points: first, as the military represented a single institution in charge of both government and security, therefore becoming a negotiating actor to multiple forms of aid, the overarching influence of the armed forces in civil society allows for a single channel in which U.S. aid influenced Brazilian politics, giving the U.S. an indirect mechanism to influence the regime’s decision-making process to eventually withdraw from authoritarian behavior and pave the way for the transition to civilian government; second, that the singular focus on human rights forces a balancing act for the military government to prioritize either national security or individual rights, being situated in a dependent relationship with the U.S.