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Abstrak :
Dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir bisnis yang menggeliat paling dinamis adalah bisnis telepon seluler. Bisnis ini tumbuh luar biasa dan mempengaruhi semua sisi bisnis yang terkait dengannya. Mulai dari operator seluler sebagai penyedia jasa, vendor penyedia teknologi seluler, penyedia handphone seluler sampai bisnis aksesorisnya. PT. Indosat sebagai salah satu penyedia jasa telepon seluler nomor dua terbesar di Indonesia dengan produknya kartu selulernya (Matrix, Mentari dan IM3), menjadi sangat peduli dengan keberadaan merek kartu selulernya. Salah satu yang menjadi kunci sukses dan kekuatan operator untuk eksis di bisnis ini adalah jika mempunyai merek yang cukup kuat melekat di benak pelanggan maupun konsumen. Salah satu indikator yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kekuatan suatu merek dipasar adalah dengan menghitung brand equity atau ekuitas merek tersebut. Paska merger Indosat melakukan reposisinning merek kartu seleluernya dari 4 merek (Matrix, Mentari, IM3 Bright, IM3 Smart) menjadi hanya 3 merek yaitu Matrix, Mentari dan IM3. Matrix adalah kartu paska bayar, sedangkan Mentari dan IM3 adalah kartu pra bayar dengan segmen dan target pelanggan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa dan mengetahui brand equity dari masing-masing kartu seluler Indosat (Matrix, Mentari dan IM3). Di samping itu juga untuk mengetahui kekuatan dan kelemahan masing-masing kartu berdasarkan elemen yang membentuk ekuitas merek tersebut. Perhitungan brand equity ini menggunakan konsep brand equity ten yang pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh David A. Aaker. Konsep ini kemudian dikembangkan dan dijadikan model oleh Darmadi Durianto dan kawan-kawan dan menjadi referensi dalam pembuatan penelitian ini. Dari hasil pengukuran menggunakan model brand equity ten diketahui bahwa brand equity tertinggi dari kartu seluler Indosat adalah kartu Mentari, kemudian IM3 dan terakhir Matrix. Elemen-elemen yang mempengaruhi terbentuknya brand equity index dalam perhitungan menggunakan model brand equity ten adalah brand awareness, perceived value, brand personality, organizational associations, price premium, customer satisfaction/loyalty, perceived quality, leadership/popularity, market share, market price & distribution coverage. Hasil ini ternyata sejalan dengan revenue yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing kartu dimana kartu Mentari memberi sumbangan sebesar 63% dari total revenue kartu seluler Indosat, disusul IM3 sebesar 20% dan terakhir Matrix sebesar 17%. Artinya adanya keterkaitan antara besarnya ekuitas merek dengan besarnya output yang dihasilkan baik secara penjualan maupun keuangan. Untuk bersaing dengan kompetitornya khususnya Telkomsel dan XL, maka semua elemen dalam brand equity ten perlu segera ditingkatkan mengingat brand equity atau brand value semua kartu seluler Indosat masih berada satu tingkat dibawah kartu seluler Telkomsel.

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In recently decade the business which very dynamics is cellular telephone business. The business fantastic growth and influences all sectors related of them. Such as operator as service provider, vendor for technology provider, hand phone provider till accessories business. PT. Indosat as second bigger cellular operator in Indonesia with cellular product (Matrix, Mentari and IM3) very concerned with the brand of cellular card. One of the key success and strength point of operator to exist in this business is to having brand which be Top of Mind in head's of customer and consumer. One of the indicators which using to know of brand positioning is measuring the brand equity of them. After merged Indosat has repositioning of their cellular brand from 4 brands (Matrix, Mentari, IM3 Bright and IM3 Smart) into 3 brands, they are Matrix, Mentari and IM3. Matrix is postpaid cellular card. While Mentari and IM3 are prepaid cellular card with different segment and target. Objectives of this study are analyzing and knowing the brand equity of Indosat cellular card (Matrix. Mentari, and IM3). Beside that to recognizing strength and weakness point of them based on element which builds the brand equity. Brand equity analyzing using brand equity ten concept which the first time introduced by David A. Aaker. Therefore this concept continues and developed by Darmadi Durianto and his colleagues and as reference of this study. From measuring result in this study which using brand equity ten models, found that the highest index of brand equity for lndosat cellular brand is Mentari, than IM3 and the last is Matrix. The element which involved in this model and value of' brand equity index are brand awareness, perceived value, brand personality, organizational associations, price premium, customer satisfaction/loyalty, perceived quality, leadership/popularity, market share, market price & distribution coverage. The result is inline with revenue which generated by each brand. Mentari can generate the revenue until 63% from total cellular revenue, following IM3 with 20% revenue and Matrix with 17%. Means there is relationship among brand equity of product with outcome to sales and finance. To compete with close competitors particularly Telkomsel and XL. Hence all elements in brand equity ten need to improve as soon as possible. Remembering the brand equity or brand value Indosat cellular card lower one level from Telkomsel.

Abstrak :
Strategi private label brands digunakan oleh berbagai bisnis ritel, termasuk ritel home improvements. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh store image dan service quality di gerai ACE HARDWARE terhadap repurchase intention pada private label brand image KRISBOW. Data penelitian ini berasal dari kuesioner yang melibatkan 220 sampel responden. Analisa data menggunakan structural equation model (SEM) membuktikan bahwa store image berpengaruh positif terhadap private label brand (PLB) image, PLB image berpengaruh terhadap perceived risk, serta service quality dan price consciousness berpengaruh langsung dan positif terhadap repurchase intention. Faktor terbesar yang mempengaruhi repurchase intention adalah price consciousness. ......The strategy of private label brands is used by a variety of retail businesses, including retail home improvements. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of store image and service quality on ACE HARDWARE outlets to repurchase intention in the private label brand image KRISBOW. This research data derived from the questionnaire that involving sample of 220 respondents. Analysis of data using structural equation modeling (SEM) to prove that the store image has positive effects on the private label brand (PLB) image, PLB image has effect on the perceived risk, service quality and price consciousness has direct and positive effect on the repurchase intention. The biggest factor affecting repurchase intention is price consciousness

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari brand community terhadap customer satisfaction dan brand loyalty. Penelitian ini juga ingin menganalisis pengaruh dari customer engagment di media sosial yang berbentuk frekuensi dan durasi mengunjungi brand pages terhadap brand community. Platform media sosial yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seperti Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, dan Youtube. Responden pada penelitian ini merupakan pengikut dari sebuah brand pages pada media sosial yang sudah disebutkan di atas dan berdomisili di Jabodetabek. Metode pengolahan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan structural equation modelling. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah frekuensi mengunjungi brand pages berpengaruh positif terhadap relevansi dari brand pages terhadap konsumen, relevansi brand pages memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap brand community, brand community berpengaruh positif terhadap customer satisfaction, dan customer satisfaction berpengaruh positif terhadap brand loyalty.

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This study aims to analyze the influence of brand community on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. This study also wanted to analyze the influence of customer engagment in social media in the form of frequency and duration of visiting brand pages to brand community. Social media platform used in this research is like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Youtube. Respondents in this study are followers of a brand pages on social media mentioned above and domiciled in Jabodetabek. Data processing method in this study using structural equation modeling. The result of this research is frequency of visiting brand pages have positive influence to the relevance of brand pages to consumers, the relevance of brand pages have positive influence to brand community, brand community have positive effect on customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction have positive effect on brand loyalty.

Abstrak :
Pasar es krim di Indonesia merupakan pasar yang cukup menarik untuk digarap. Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan makin banyaknya perusahaan yang terjun di industri ini, baik itu perusahaan lokal maupun perusahaan multinasional. Penelitian karya akhir ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis brand equity Es Krim Campina melalui pengukuran elemen-elemen pembangun brand equity, yaitu brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality dan brand loyalty. Dari hasil pengukuran brand awareness, Es Krim Walls menempatio posisi Top of Mind di mata konsumen, sedangkan Es Krim Campina hanya mampu menempati urutan kedua. Walaupun Es Krim Walls tergolong pemain baru dalam pasar es krim Indonesia, namun karena didukung oleh gencarnya promosi baik melalui media cetak maupun elektronik, maka Walls berhasil menempati posisi Top Of Mind. Es Krim Campina sendiri walaupun masuk pasar Es Krim Indonesia sejak tahun 1970-an, namun karena kurangnya promosi hanya dapat menempati urutan kedua. Untuk brand association, dari tujuh asosiasi awal yang didasarkan pada penelitian pendahuluan, setelah melalui analisis, ternyata hanya ada 5 asosiasi yang terbukti terkait langsung dengan Es Krim Merek Campina. Asosiasi-asosiasi tersebut adalah es krim dengan harga yang terjangkau, mudah diperoleh, es krim dengan pilihan rasa yang banyak, es krim dengan pilihan rasa yang unik (rasa lokal) dan produk es krim yang halal. Analisis perceived quality menunjukkan hasil rata-rata importance (harapan) sebesar 4,19 dan performance (kinerja) sebesar 4,07. ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja Es Krim Campina dirasakan kurang memenuhi harapan konsumen. Atribut-atribut yang harus dijaga kinerjanya karena sudah dianggap baik oleh konsumen adalah atribut harga produk dan kemudahan memperoleh. Perusahaan wajib mempertahankan dan bila mungkin meningkatkan kinerja atribut-atribut ini. Analisis brand loyalty menunjukkan persentase terbesar pads satisfied buyer (64,57%). Ini berarti sebagian besar konsumen Es Krim Campina telah merasa puns dengan rasa Es Krim Campina. Dan sebaliknya, persentase terkecil ada pada tingkat brand switcher, yaitu sebesar 8,66%. Ini berarti bahwa factor utama yang menjadi alasan mengkonsumsi Es Krim Campina bukanlah karena faktor harga, tapi lebih karena faktor-faktor lain. Hasil analisis ini diharapkan akan menjadi masukan yang berguna bagi manajemen Es Krim Campina untuk melakukan perbaikan-perbaikan di masa mendatang.

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Ice-cream market in Indonesia is market that interesting enough to be entered. This could be seen with the increasing number of companies that entered this industry, both local and multinational company. Premium brands now more and more stepping into Indonesia ice-cream market. Mentioned Haagen-Dazs, Baskin-Robbins, New Zealand Nature, and others. This causes the competition in this industry to be increasingly tight. The strictness of this competition caused the importance of brand equity management for the company to increase the competitive advantage. The brand with strong brand equity will be easy in seizing the market opportunity. This research aims to analyze the brand equity of Ice-Cream Campina through measurement of constructor elements of brand equity: brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality and brand loyalty. In analyzing brand equity there are some methods, and one of them is is based on perception of consumer (Customer Based Brand Equity). In this way, the result will not in a financial manner, but results of the research could give the information about brand equity of Campina Ice-cream in the eyes of the consumer. This research involved 127 respondents; each is given questionnaires relating to former elements brand equity. The result of brand awareness measurement, Ice-Cream Walls occupied position of Top Of Mind, while Ice-Cream Campina can only occupy the second place. Although Ice-Cream Walls classified as the new player in Indonesia ice-cream market, but because of being supported by intensive promotion either through print medium and also electronic, hence Walls successfully occupies position of Top Of Mind. Ice-Cream Campina itself, although came on the market Indonesia Ice-Cream since 1970s, but because the shortage of promotion can only occupy second place. For brand association, out of seven initial associations based on the introductory research, after through analysis, evidently there's only 5 proven associations with Brand Ice-Cream Campina. These associations are ice-cream with a covered price, easy to gain, ice-cream with the choice of many flavor, ice-cream with the choice of unique flavor (local flavor) and a halal ice-cream product. Perceived quality analysis shows average yield importance 4,19 and performance 4,07. This indicates that Campina Ice-Cream performance is felt unable to fulfill consumer hope. Attributes that must be maintained by his achievement because of being it was considered good by the consumer were the attribute of the price of the product and the ease of obtain. Company is obliged to maintain and if possible increases this attributes performance. Brand loyalty analysis shows the biggest percentage to satisfied buyer ( 64,57%). This means most of Campina Ice-Cream consumer has satisfied with Ice-Cream taste. And on the other hand, smallest percentage is on level of brand switcher, that is equal to 8,66%. This means that main factor becoming reason of consuming Ice-Cream Campina is not because price factor, but more because other factor. Result of this analysis expected will become an input for management of Ice-Cream Campina to carry out improvements in the future.

Abstrak :
Pertumbuhan industri yang cepat, membuat persaingan menjadi semakin ketat. Banyaknya merek baru membuat konsumen memiliki berbagai macam pilihan. Melihat hal tersebut membuat para produsen harus dapat membuat strategi komunikasi merek yang tepat agar dapat memenangkan persaingan. Begitu pula pada merek coklat KitKat dari produsen nutisi Nestle. Kondisi tersebut membuat penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dengan topik Efek Iklan terhadap Ekuitas Merek (Analisa Structural Equation Modeling Mengenai Efek lklan KitKat Versi Ecy terhadap Ekuitas Merek KitKat). Kerangka pemikiran yang digunakan adalah teori mengenai strategi merek dan periklanan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara survei terhadap siswa Sekolah Menengah Umum di Kodya Bandung. Metode pemilihan sampling dilakukan melalui metode twostages cluster sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekuitas merek KitKat dipengaruhi oleh iklan KitKat versi Ecy. Variabel manifes yang paling dominan dalam menjelaskan efek iklan adalah desire dan action. Sementara itu, variabel manifes yang paling dominan menjelaskan ekuitas merek adalah brand associations dan brand loyalty.

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The growth of industry makes competition becomes tighter. There are many kind of new brand makes consumer have many kind of choices. Seeing that kind of situation makes the producer must decide good brand communication strategy. So does KitKat from famous nutrition producer, Nestle. That condition makes the author interested in doing research of The Effects of Advertising for Brand Equity (Structural Equation Modeling Analysis the Effects of KitKat ?Ecy? Version Advertising for KitKat Brand Equity). The basic concepts of this research are the theories about brand strategy and advertising strategy. This research was done by quantitative method and data compilation getting by survey to high school students in Bandung. Sampling method in this research was using two stages cluster sampling. The result of this research showed that KitKat brand equity influenced by KitKat ?Ecy? version advertising. Desire and action are dominant variables that could explained advertising. And brand associations and brand loyalty are dominant variables that could explain brand equity.

Abstrak :
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana aktivitas pemasaran menggunakan media sosial mempengaruhi ekuitas merek dan respons pelanggan pria pada merek jam tangan di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kuesioner online. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kustomisasi, hiburan dan interaksi merupakan faktor terkuat yang mempengaruhi ekuitas merek dan respons pelanggan pria pada merek jam tangan di Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan sebagai bahan penelitian adalah sebanyak 368 responden yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia dan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif antara aktivitas pemasaran menggunakan media sosial terhadap ekuitas merek dan respons pelanggan pria pada merek jam tangan di Indonesia ......The purpose of this study was to find out how marketing activities using social media affect brand equity and male customer responses to watch brands in Indonesia. This study shows that customization, entertainment and interaction are the strongest factors that influence brand equity and male customer responses to watch brands in Indonesia. The sample used as the research material was as many as 368 respondents spread throughout Indonesia and showed that there was a positive influence between marketing activities using social media on brand equity and male customer responses to watch brands in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Penelitian dalam tesis ini ingin melihat faktor–faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen terhadap produk air minum dalam kemasan Ades dengan menggunakan teori perilaku yaitu Theory of Planned Behavior dari Ajzen dan Fishben. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dan dilakukan kepada 200 responden yang sudah membeli Ades. Berdasarkan data dari 200 responden yang diolah menggunakan metode Structural Equations Modelling (SEM) dapat diketahui bahwa environmental knowledge tidak berpengaruh terhadap attitude responden yang nantinya akan memicu purchase intention terhadap produk ramah lingkungan Ades. Awareness to the product dan customer value berpengaruh terhadap attitude responden yang nantinya akan memicu purchase intention terhadap produk ramah lingkungan Ades. Akan tetapi attitude responden tidak berpengaruh terhadap purchase intention untuk membeli produk Ades. Sementara itu sosial pressure to act green dan individual environment impact mepunyai pengaruh terhadap norma subjektif yang di terima di masyarakat. Dan Norma subjektif juga mempunyai pengaruh terhadap purchase intention produk Ades. Availibility of product dan perceived consumer mempunyai pengaruh terhadap purchase intention produk Ades. ...... The research in this thesis would like to see factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions on bottled water products Ades using behavioral theory is the Theory of Planned Behavior of Ajzen and Fishben. This research is a quantitative study and performed the 200 respondents who had bought Ades. Based on data from 200 respondents were processed using Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) can be seen that the Environmental Knowledge does not affect the attitude of respondents that would trigger a purchase intention towards environmentally friendly products Ades. Awareness to the product and customer value affect the attitude of respondents that would trigger a purchase intention towards environmentally friendly products Ades. But the attitude of the respondents had no effect on purchase intention to buy the product Ades. Meanwhile social pressure to act green and environment impact individual mepunyai influence on subjective norm is accepted in the community. And subjective norms also have an influence on purchase intention of products Ades. Availibility of product and perceived consumer has an influence on purchase intention of products Ades.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini menganalisis pengaruh trust in a brand for brand loyalty UD setelah rebranding. Rebranding dianalisa menggunakan kerangka corporate rebranding. Evaluasi eksternal setelah rebranding dilakukan dengan mengukur pengaruh trust in a brand terhadap brand loyalty UD Trucks. Pengukuran trust in a brand dilakukan kepada empat variabel independen yaitu brand reputation brand predictability brand compentence dan trust in the company. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode survey yang dilakukan di beberapa kota Jakarta Tangerang Bandung dan Balikpapan. Teknik sampling yang digunakan metode non probability sampling dengan cara purposive sampling. Teknik ini berarti memilih responden berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. Dengan metode regresi linear diperoleh temuan bahwa brand predictability brand competence dan trust in the company berhubungan positif terhadap peningkatan trust in a brand dan peningkatan trust in a brand berpengaruh signifikan terhadap brand loyalty.

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This thesis analyzed the influence of trust in brand for brand loyalty UD Truck in Indonesia after rebranding process. Rebranding analysis use theoretical framework corporate rebranding The external evaluation of rebranding can used to measure the influence of trust in a brand for brand loyalty of UD Trucks. Trust in a brand is measured by four variabel independen brand reputation brand predictability brand compentence and trust in the company. This study use survey method in Jakarta Bekasi Tangerang Bandung and Balikpapan Technique of sampling will be used is non probability sampling with purposive sampling. This technique of sampling means that responden is choosed based on certain criteria We get summarized by linear regression method that brand predictability brand competence and trust in the company have linear and positive relationship with trust in a brand and will make brand loyalty increased.

Abstrak :
Platform media sosial saat ini memungkinkan perusahaan untuk menjangkau konsumen secara cepat dan tidak terbatas waktu. Situasi ini kemudian memunculkan peluang untuk melakukan interaksi langsung dan membangun consumer-brand relationship melalui media sosial. Penelitian ini berfokus pada penggunaan twitter account resmi milik brand yang dapat terpersonifikasikan karakter-karakternya sebagai salah satu medium untuk membangun relationship dalam jangka panjang. Industri airline dan telekomunikasi di Indonesia dipilih sebagai objek karena dinilai sebagai dua industri jasa di Indonesia yang secara nature banyak melakukan interaksi dengan publik melalui platform media sosial. Pengumpulan data melalui API twitter dilakukan selama dua bulan berturut-turut pada Desember 2015-Januari 2016 pada objek penelitian twitter account @Citilink dan @IndonesiaGaruda untuk industri airline dan @Telkomsel dan XL123 untuk industri telekomunikasi. Metode analisa konten dilakukan dengan basis lima strategi pesan (positivity, openness, sharing tasks, social networking, dan assurance) dan tiga tipe pesan (informational, socio-emotional dan instrumental). Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil strategi positivity yang dominan menjadi brand character di semua brand. Namun pada tipe pesan ditemukan hasil yang berbeda antara brand airline kelas full service yang condong dominan pada socio-emotional dan sebaliknya pada brand airline kelas low cost carrier yang condong dominan pada informational tweet. Full service airline juga cenderung banyak melakukan strategi openness. Sebaliknya low cost carrier airline dan industri telekomunikasi sangat rendah mengadopsi strategi openness. Strategi sharing tasks dan social networking tidak diminati di semua brand. Khusus untuk positivity, berkorelasi positif dengan informational tweet. Sebaliknya positivity juga berkorelasi negatif dengan instrumental tweet. ...... Social media platform enables companies to reach consumers quickly and anytime nowadays. This situation then triggers opportunity to carry direct interaction and to build consumer-brand relationship through social media. This study was focused on official brand twitter account usage in which could be personified their characters as one of mediums to build long term relationship. Indonesian airline and telecommunication industries were chosen as objects because they were presumed two Indonesian service industries which naturally carried many public interaction through social media platform. Data gathering through twitter API in two consecutive months was conducted on December 2015-January 2016 in each respective twitter account. They were @Citilink and @IndonesiaGaruda for airline industry and @Telkomsel and @XL123 for telecommunication industry. A content analysis was conducted with five relational maintenance strategy type (positivity, openness, sharing tasks, social networking, dan assurance) and three message types (informational, socio-emotional and instrumental). This study obtained positivity strategy was dominant to be brand character in all brands. However there was different result in message types between full service airline brand and low cost carrier airline brand. Full service airline brand tended to be more socio-emotional. On the other hand low cost carrier airline brand tended to be more informational. Full service airline brand also tended to conduct openness strategy. On the other hand low cost carrier airline brand and two telecommunication brands conducted low portion of openness strategy. Sharing tasks and social networking were mostly not used in all brands. In particular positivity strategy positively correlated with informational tweet. On the other hand positivity strategy also negatively correlated with instrumental tweet

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menggambarkan bagaimana respon suatu perusahaan dalam penanganan gangguan akan berpengaruh terhadap perceived justice of service recovery, recovery satisfaction, overall satisfaction, dan brand credibility serta pengaruh task motivational orientation dan relation motivational orientational yang akan menjadi moderator antara respon organisasi (acknowledge dan prompt action) terhadap perceived justice of service recovery. Pada penelitian kali ini akan mengambil studi pada brand indihome dengan 225 responden yang berada di daerah Telkom Regional 2 (Jakarta, Banten, Bogor, Tangerang, Depok, dan Bekasi) dan pernah mengalami gangguan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan informasi bahwa acknowledgement dan prompt action mempengaruhi secara positif terhadap perceived justice yang dapat berpengaruh secara positif pula terhadap recovery satisfaction, overall satisfaction, dan brand credibility. Selain itu relation motivational orientation dapat memoderasi pengaruh antara acknowledgement terhadap perceived justiced sedangkan task motivational orientation tidak menjadi moderasi antara prompt action terhadap perceived justiced.< ......This research describes how organizational response on service failures will affect perceived justice of service recovery, service satisfaction, overall satisfaction, and brand credibility with task motivational orientation and relation motivational orientational as a moderator among organizational response (acknowledge and prompt action) towards perceived justice of service recovery. The research will take a study on indihome brand with 225 respondents in Telkom Regional 2 area (Jakarta, Banten, Bogor, Tangerang, Depok, and Bekasi) and have experienced with service failure. The research found that acknowledgement and prompt action positively affects to perceive justiced which in turn affects to recovery satisfaction, overall satisfaction, dan brand credibility. Moreover relation motivational orientation moderated acknowledgement to perceive justiced while task motivational orientation is not moderated prompt action to perceive justiced.