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"Sebagai “teras depan” suatu negara, wilayah perbatasan Indonesia khususnya di pulau Kalimantan menyimpan beberapa masalah kompleks baik dari aspek keamanan maupun aspek sosio-ekonomi, yang dapat mengancam kedaulatan Negara Indonesia. Untuk mengatasi ancaman di wilayah perbatasan khususnya di wilayah kalimantan, pemerintah sudah membuat kebijakan pengamanan perbatasan yang dilaksanakan oleh TNI yang berkoordinasi dengan kementerian dan lembaga terkait. Kegiatan pengamanan perbatasan tersebut dapat dilaksanakan secara efisien jika didukung akses langsung menuju perbatasan. Untuk membantu akses tersebut, Kemhan merencanakan pembangunan Jalur Inspeksi dan Patroli Perbatasan (JIPP) yang direncanakan menyusuri pilar perbatasan baik di wilayah perbatasan Kalimantan Barat maupun Kalimantan Utara. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, peneliti ingin menganalisis sejauh mana proses implementasi kebijakan Permenhan Nomor 7 tahun 2018 di lingkungan Kementerian Pertahanan RI selaku pembuat kebijakan dan TNI/Kementerian terkait selaku pelaksana kebijakan ini. Pengamatan ini dilakukan dengan melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses implementasi, yaitu komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, struktur birokrasi, dan lingkungan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah melalui pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif untuk mendalami implementasi kebijakan Permenhan Nomor 7 Tahun 2018 tentang Pengelolaan Jalur Inspeksi dan Patroli Perbatasan (JIPP) di wilayah perbatasan darat RI-Malaysia. Data primer diperoleh melalui teknik wawancara mendalam dan observasi, sedangkan untuk memperoleh data sekunder dilakukan penelaahan terhadap naskah-naskah dokumen yang terkait dengan objek penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan adanya berbagai faktor hambatan dalam proses implementasi permenhan di lingkungan pelaksana kebijakan, salah satunya yaitu belum mendapatkan sosialisasi secara langsung berupa penjelasan mengenai pokok-pokok kebijakan Permenhan Nomor 7 tahun 2018. Bentuk koordinasi antara Kemhan RI, TNI, dengan kementerian atau lembaga lain dalam pengelolaan JIPP belum ditetapkan dalam suatu Struktur yang jelas, karena masih ada hambatan dalam hal komunikasi, koordinasi, dan sinkronisasi lintas sektor. Dan diperlukan evaluasi terkait pemeliharaan pada pengelolaan JIPP yang tertuang dalam kebijakan ini, karena JIPP merupakan fasilitas yang membutuhkan pemeliharaan secara intensif untuk dapat digunakan secara berkelanjutan.

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As a "front porch" of a country, the Indonesian border region, especially on the island of Borneo, holds several complex problems both from the aspect of security and socio- economic aspects, which can threaten the sovereignty of the State of Indonesia. To overcome the threat in the border region, especially in the Kalimantan region, the government has made border security policies carried out by the TNI in coordination with relevant ministries and agencies. The border security activities can be carried out efficiently if supported by direct access to the border. To assist with this access, the Ministry of Defense plans to develop a Border Inspection and Border Patrol Line (JIPP) which is planned to follow the border pillars both in the border areas of West Kalimantan and North Kalimantan.

Based on the description, the researcher wants to analyze the extent to which the implementation process of Permenhan Number 7 of 2018 in the Indonesian Ministry of Defense as a policy initiator and the TNI / Ministry is related as the pelaksana of this policy. This observation is done by looking at the factors that influence the implementation process, namely communication, resources, disposition, bureaucratic structure, and social, economic, and political environment.

The method used in this study is through a qualitative-descriptive approach to explore the implementation of the Regulation of Minister of Defense No. 7 of 2018 concerning the Management of Inspection and Border Patrol Line (JIPP) in the RI-Malaysia land border region. Primary data is obtained through in-depth interview and observation techniques, while to obtain secondary data a review of documents related to the object of research is conducted.

Based on the results of the study, it was found that there were various obstacles in the implementation process of policy implementers, one of which was not getting direct socialization in the form of an explanation of the policies of Permenhan Number 7 of 2018. Form of coordination between the Indonesian Ministry of Defense, the TNI and the ministry or Other institutions in the management of JIPP have not yet been defined in a clear structure, because there are still obstacles in terms of communication, coordination and cross-sector synchronization. And an evaluation related to maintenance is needed in the management of JIPP as stated in this policy, because JIPP is a facility that requires intensive maintenance to be used sustainably."

"ABSTRAKKecamatan Entikong adalah salah satu wilayah yang telah ditetapkansebagai Pusat Kegiatan Strategis Nasional (PKSN) yang akan menjalankan fungsisebagai pusat pertumbuhan di kawasan perbatasan selain fungsi penjagaanpertahanan dan keamanan karena posisinya yang berbatasan langsung dengannegara tetangga, Malaysia. Sebagai pusat pertumbuhan, Entikong diharapkandapat dijadikan pilot project pembangunan kawasan perbatasan yang kemudianmenjadi rujukan bagi wilayah PKSN yang lain. Namun sebagai tolok ukurkeberhasilan pembangunan di kawasan perbatasan, wilayah yang memiliki PosPemeriksaan Lintas Batas (PPLB) resmi pertama di Indonesia ini masih jauhtertinggal dari Malaysia. Artinya pembangunan yang dilakukan belum mampumewujudkan semangat pertumbuhan dan pemerataan, bahkan patut disayangkanbahwa masih ada desa-desa yang terisolir di wilayah Entikong.Untuk menemukenali permasalahan yang menyebabkan lambatnyapertumbuhan di Entikong dan kawasan sekitarnya, penelitian dengan pendekatankualitatif dan sarana wawancara, dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi variabel yangmempengaruhi proses implementasi kebijakan yang digagas oleh Mazmanian danSabatier. Melalui analisa kondisi faktual variabel-variabel tersebut, diharapkandapat dianalisa permasalahan mendasar yang menjadi kendala dalamimplementasi kebijakan pembangunan di Entikong,.Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa proses implementasi kebijakan terganjalpada kebijakan yang saling berbenturan, ketiadaan pedoman baku untuk penataanprogram-program pembangunan di lapangan, pelaksanaan program pembangunanyang parsial, kurang terpadu dan belum berkesinambungan akibat alokasianggaran yang tersebar dan keragaman kebijakan antar instansi. Maka perlu adapembenahan di banyak lini, mulai dari penetapan peraturan yang menjadilandasan hukum yang mengikat seluruh stakeholder di kawasan perbatasan,hingga pembenahan pola interaksi antar instansi dan teknis penganggaran.

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ABSTRACTSub district of Entikong is a region which had been decided as Center forNational Strategic Activity (PKSN) has functions as growth center of border areaand security and defense keeping because, directly, it is bordered with Malaysia,neighboring country. Then, as growth center, Entikong is wished to bedevelopment pilot projec of area, subsequently, it may become reference for otherPKSN. Unfortunately, as benchmarks of successful development at border area,in which there is first and formal Cross Border Inspection Post (PPLB) inIndonesia, so far it is still leaven from Malaysia. It means that developmenthaving been implemented there it had not be able to manifest growth andequality spirit, and even there are some isolated villages.To find out problem resulting in the delay growth at Entikong andsurrounding, it had been conducted research with qualitative and interviewapproach by identifying variable influencing policy implementation process byboth Mazmanian and Sabatier. By analyzing condition of those factual variables,wishfully, it may be able to analyze basic problems as barriers of developmentpolicy implementation at Entikong, as well as solution of them.Study results had indicated that process of policy implementation ishampered with cross collision policy, no standard guidance for arrangingdevelopmental program in site, partial developmental program implementation,less integration and inconsistency as result of spread budged allocation andvaried-inter institution policy. However, it is necessary to manage numerous lines,from regulations passage as basic and law and binding all stakeholders at borderarea through both inter institution interaction model and budgeting technique."

"Ritus pertukaran telah menguatkan hubungan penduduk di Hulu Sembakung meski dibelah oleh batas negara. Sementara, batas negara dikonstruksi oleh kekuasaan yang dianggap sebagai pemilik kedaulatan tunggal. Kondisi ini melahirkan kepentingan penguasa untuk membuat patuh penduduk perbatasan terhadap proses rekonstruksi kekuasaan negara yang terjadi. Di lain pihak, wilayah perbatasan telah memiliki konsep ruang dimensi sosial-budaya yang telah lama hadir sebelum negara merekonstruksi konsep ruang teritorial. Negosiasi lintas batas yang dilakukan oleh penduduk setempat merupakan upaya penduduk untuk mempertahankan lanskap budaya dan memposisikan diri dalam arena sosial lintas-batas yang berusaha dihilangkan oleh negara.

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Rite of exchange has been strengthening relationships between residents in Hulu Sembakung although split by borders. Meanwhile, borders are constructed by power which was considered to be the owner of a single sovereignity. This condition produces interests among authorities to make border residents submissive to the reconstruction of nation control that happened. On the other hand, the border area has had its own concept about socio-culture spatial dimensions that has long been presented before the country reconstruct the concept of the territorial. Cross-border negotiations conducted by local residents is an effort to preserve the cultural landscape and to position themselves in the cross-border social arena that is omitted by the state."

"Small-scale trade and smuggling are part of everyday life at many borders. These trading activities often compensate for economic shortage that many households are suffering from in consequence of e.g. political transformation processes. Despite of the diversity of transborder small-scale trade and smuggling and their wide dispersion, not only in Europe, their reception within social sciences is relatively low. The contributions shed therefore light on research in geography and neighboured disciplines. On the basis of empirical research findings from borders all over the world, the authors thrive to analyse mechanisms and conditions of the informal activities and to detect parallels and differences of informal economic structures from different perspectives."

"This book explores the Eurasian borderlands as contested 'shatter zones' which have generated some of the world's most significant conflicts. Analyzing the struggles of Habsburg, Russian, Ottoman, Iranian and Qing empires, Alfred J. Rieber surveys the period from the rise of the great multicultural, conquest empires in the late medieval/early modern period to their collapse in the early twentieth century. He charts how these empires expanded along moving, military frontiers, competing with one another in war, diplomacy and cultural practices, while the subjugated peoples of the borderlands strove to maintain their cultures and to defend their autonomy. The gradual and fragmentary adaptation of Western constitutional ideas, military reforms, cultural practices and economic penetration began to undermine these ruling ideologies and institutions, leading to the collapse of all five empires in revolution and war within little more than a decade between 1911 and 1923."