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"Tesis ini berupaya menjelaskan bagaimana strategi pertahanan di wilayah perbatasan darat dengan negara tetangga di Kalimantan, Papua dan Nusa Tenggara Timur. Tekanan penelitian ini pada bagaimana kondisi wilayah perbatasan darat dengan negara tetangga dilihat dan aspek-aspek ketahanan nasional. Temuan penting penelitian ini adalah menonjolnya pendekatan militer dalam menjalankan strategi pertahanan di wilayah perbatasan.Profil wilayah perbatasan dengan negara tetangga menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor penyebab permasalahan di wilayah perbatasan demikian banyak meliputi semua aspek ketahanan nasional. Permasalahan seragam dan dominan di semua wilayah perbatasan darat adalah kurangnya perhatian pemerintah terhadap aspek sosial budaya dan ekonomi yang menunjukkan bahwa penduduk di wilayah perbatasan dengan negara tetangga umumnya dalam keadaan miskin.Untuk mendukung penelitian ini digunakan metode Armlitical Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menentukan priotitas pendekatan yang tepat berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria dari aspek-aspek ketahanan nasional. Responden untuk mengisi kuisioner AHP terdiri dari kalangan militer, pejabat pemerintah dan kalangan masyarakat sipil. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah: pendekatan yang tepat untuk menciptakan stabilitas di wilayah perbatasan adalah pendekatan kesejahteraan. Analisis SWOT digunakan untuk menentukan strategi pertahanan. apa yang seharusnya disusun di wilayah perbatasan.Penelitian ini meinberi rekomendasi agat penyusunan strategi pertahanan di wilayah perbatasan sebaiknya memperhatikan peningkatan kesejahteraan penduduk di wilayah perbatasan. Strategi pertahanan yang sebaiknya digelar adalah mix strategies, di mana strategi yang digelar tidak hanya menggunakan pendekatan militer saja melainkan harus memperhatikan pendekatan kesejahteraan dan pendekatan diplomasi yang digunakan secara bersama.-sama dengan prioritas yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi wilayah perbatasan masing-masing. Untuk menciptakan stabilitas di wilayah perbatasan, kerjasama antara Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI), Kepolisian Republik Indonesia (POLRI), dan Pemerintah Daerah (PEMDA) setempat harus dioptimalkan melalui koordinasi yang baik antar lembaga."

"In order to assure the control and the law enforcement as well as the sovereignty of a state in a border area, they will have first of all determine the borderline of the states, preferably with the neighbouring states. Indonesia is very conscious of determining its borders with its neighbours, either on land or at sea and in the air, as well as in the seabed area beyond its territorial sovereignty. Therefore, it has to determine a number of maritime borders with different rights and obligations. In addition, in view of its strategic location, it has also to determine the location in order of foreign vessels to be able to exercise the right of passage. Moreover, being an an archipelagic state with a very large and intensive process of decentralization, Indonesia also has to deal with the problems of boundaries between various provinces."

"Indonesia is one of the countries which has many maritime security issues that needs to be managed appropriately through defense diplomacy approach, including the ASEAN framework. ADMM Plus on Maritime Security as the highest defense forum and dialog in ASEAN on maritime security issues is expected to be able to build confidence building measures and mutual trust between ASEAN member states and non-member states in solving maritime security issues. However, some goals have not been achieved due to many complex problems on maritime security in domestic sphere. This paper will use securitization theory, defense diplomacy concept, and maritime security concept for analyzing the maritime security issues in Indonesia which need securitization for supporting its defense diplomacy at ADMM Plus on Maritime Security. However, the securitization progress faced several challenges coming from various aspects, especially the habit of political leaders that only use maritime security as political instrument without concerning to the real security issues."

"Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pelaksanaan serta faktor pendukung dan kendala pemeriksaan dan pelayanan lalu lintas orang dan barang di PLBN Terpadu Nanga Badau. Selanjutnya menentukan strategi peningkatanlayanan PLBN Terpadu Nanga Badau agar lebih baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Teori implementasi George C. Edward III dalam buku Agustino (2017) dengan indikator, komunikasi, sumberdaya, disposisi dan struktur organisasi digunakan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan pemeriksaan dan pelayanan lintas batas. Strategi ditentukan dengan menggunakan konsep Pearce dan Robinson (2000) tentang analisis lingkunganinternal dan eksternal organisasi atau dikenal dengan istilah analisis SWOT. Pedoman dalam menentukan strategi pengembangan wilayah perbatasan menggunakan pendapat C.T. Wu (2001). Strategi tersebut terdiri dari investasiinfrastruktur sebelum pembangunan ekonomi dimulai, investasi sektor swasta serta program kebijakan yang bertujuan memfasilitasi pengembangan lintas batas. Data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dan observasi di lapangan. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman (1992) yang dilakukan secara langsung dan terus menerus sehingga data jenuh. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa PLBN Terpadu Nanga Badau merupakan tempat keterpaduan layananunsur CIQS dan kegiatan operasional dan maintenance. Keterpaduan pelayanan terdiri atas 6 (enam) instansi yaitu: BNPP, Bea dan Cukai, Imigrasi, KarantinaHewan dan Tumbuhan, Karantina Ikan dan Karantina kesehatan. Faktor pendukung pelaksanaan berupa peraturan yang jelas, sarana pemeriksaan inti serta sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas sesuai bidangnya. Faktor kendalaberupa keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana pendukung, kantor pusat yang berada jauh dari PLBN, jumlah anggaran operasional dan petugas sedikit serta pola kebiasaan masyarakat melakukan lintas batas. Hasil analisis SWOT diketahui bahwa strategi yang tepat dalam meningkatan pemeriksaaan dan pelayanan lintas batas orang dan barang di PLBN Terpadu Nanga Badau adalah memobilisasikekuatan yang ada untuk bisa meminimalisir ancaman dan mengubah menjadi peluang seperti dengan cara diversifikasi layanan dan pemeriksaan.

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This article described and analyzed the implementation, supporting factors and related obstacles in the implementation of cross border inspections and services for people and goods at the Integrated Cross Border-Post (PLBN) In Nanga Badau. The objective was to determine the strategy to improve the services at Integrated Cross Border-Post (PLBN) In Nanga Badau. This research applied descriptive qualitative method. The researcher also applied implementation theory from George C. Edward III, as referred in Agustinos book (2017) with indicators, communication, resources, disposition and organizational structure, all of these elements were used to analyze theimplementation of cross-border inspections and services. The strategy is determined by using the concepts from Pearce and Robinson (2000) about the analysis of the internal and external environment of the organization or better known as the SWOT analysis. The guidelines in determining the strategy for developing the border region was adapted from C.T. Wu (2001). The strategy consists of infrastructure investment prior to economic development, private sector investment and policy programs aimed at facilitating cross-border development. The source of the data were from interviews and field observations. Then, the data were analyzed based on the model from Miles andHuberman (1992). The data obtained were analyzed directly and continuously until the data reached the saturated point. In conclusion, the Integrated Cross Border-Post (PLBN) In Nanga Badau was a good model of for integrated cross border post that met the service criteria of CIQS and also for operational and maintenance activities. The integrated services consist of 6 (six) agencies,namely: BNPP (National Border Management Authority), Customs, Immigration, Animal and Plant Quarantine, Fish Quarantine and Health Quarantine. The supporting factors for the implementation of inspections and services were clear and definitive regulation, complete inspection facilities and competent human resources for this field. The obstacle factors were limited supporting facilities and infrastructure, head office which was quite distantfrom PLBN, limited operational budget and limited number of officials, and locals habit in dealing with cross border activities. The results of the SWOT analysis revealed that the effective strategy in improving cross-border inspections and services for people and goods in Integrated Cross Border-Post (PLBN) is to mobilize all available resources and power to minimize threatsand transform them into opportunities by conducting diversification of services and inspections."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini berfokus implementasi fungsi imigrasi di perbatasan khususnya perbatasan darat Entikong. Dalam penelitian menggambarkan mengenai pelaksanaan fungsi imigrasi di perbatasan darat yang sekiranya harus mendapatkan perhatian serius oleh pemerintah pada umumnya dan Direktoraj Jederal Imigrasi pada khususnya. Didalam penelitian ini ditemukan kendala-kendala yang menyebabkan pelaksanaan fungsimimigrasi di perbatasan tidak dapat berjalan dengan maksimal. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah teori manajemen organisasi dan implementasi kebijakan mengenai menegemen perbatasan dan kebijakan-kebijakan yang harusnya dilakukan dengan menganalisis fungsi imigrasi di perbatasan sehingga dapat menggambarkan bagaimana fungsi imigrasi dapat ketahanan nasional. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa : fungsi imigrasi di perbatasan belum bisa dilaksanakan secara maksimal secara khuus di perbatasan darat Entikong, dikarenakan banyaknya pihak- pihak yang terkait dengan pewngelolaan perbatasan yang belum bisa mengatasi masalah perbatasan baik secara umum maupun secara khusus.

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ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the implementation of the immigration function in particular border land border Entikong. In a study describing the implementation of the immigration function in which if the land border should be given serious attention by the government in general and immigration in particular Jederal Direktoraj. In this study found the constraints that led to the implementation fungsimimigrasi at the border can not be run with the maximum. This study is a descriptive qualitative research design. The method used was to interview and study of literature. The theory is used to analyze the theory of organizational management and implementation of policies regarding border menegemen and policies that should be done by analyzing the function of immigration on the border so as to illustrate how immigration functions to national security. From the results, it can be concluded that: the function of immigration at the border can not be fully implemented in khuus in Entikong land border, because the number of parties associated with pewngelolaan border that can not be overcome border issues both in general and in particular.;This study focuses on the implementation of the immigration function in particular border land border Entikong. In a study describing the implementation of the immigration function in which if the land border should be given serious attention by the government in general and immigration in particular Jederal Direktoraj. In this study found the constraints that led to the implementation fungsimimigrasi at the border can not be run with the maximum. This study is a descriptive qualitative research design. The method used was to interview and study of literature. The theory is used to analyze the theory of organizational management and implementation of policies regarding border menegemen and policies that should be done by analyzing the function of immigration on the border so as to illustrate how immigration functions to national security. From the results, it can be concluded that: the function of immigration at the border can not be fully implemented in khuus in Entikong land border, because the number of parties associated with pewngelolaan border that can not be overcome border issues both in general and in particular., This study focuses on the implementation of the immigration function in particular border land border Entikong. In a study describing the implementation of the immigration function in which if the land border should be given serious attention by the government in general and immigration in particular Jederal Direktoraj. In this study found the constraints that led to the implementation fungsimimigrasi at the border can not be run with the maximum. This study is a descriptive qualitative research design. The method used was to interview and study of literature. The theory is used to analyze the theory of organizational management and implementation of policies regarding border menegemen and policies that should be done by analyzing the function of immigration on the border so as to illustrate how immigration functions to national security. From the results, it can be concluded that: the function of immigration at the border can not be fully implemented in khuus in Entikong land border, because the number of parties associated with pewngelolaan border that can not be overcome border issues both in general and in particular.]"

"Tulisan ini menganalisis terkait sejauh mana harmonisasi pengaturan transfer data lintas batas telah diterapkan pada negara-negara di Asia Tenggara. Tulisan ini disusun menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Di tengah perkembangan ekonomi saat ini, data merupakan suatu komoditas baru yang memiliki nilai tinggi dalam ekonomi digital. Harmonisasi pengaturan transfer data lintas batas diperlukan untuk mewujudkan adanya arus bebas data dengan kepercayaan atau lebih dikenal sebagai DFFT. Namun, arus transfer data perlu diatur lebih lanjut melalui peraturan perundang-undangan untuk melindungi kepentingan subjek data pribadi terhadap data pribadi yang juga melalui rangkaian transfer data lintas batas. Peraturan tersebut menjadi tantangan dalam mencapai suatu harmonisasi pengaturan transfer data lintas batas, mengingat setiap negara memiliki kedaulatan masing-masing terhadap hukum yang berlaku pada yurisdiksi mereka. Hal ini menjadi fenomena yang menarik, mengingat transfer data lintas batas merupakan suatu fakta yang terjadi akibat perkembangan ekonomi digital. Pada akhirnya, pengaturan mengenai transfer data lintas batas harus mencakup dua kepentingan besar: di satu sisi sebagai pelindung kepentingan subjek data pribadi terhadap data pribadi milik mereka, dan di sisi lain sebagai sarana dalam menjamin transfer data lintas batas untuk meningkatkan peluang ekonomi dari data itu sendiri.

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This paper analyzes how far harmonization of cross-border data transfer arrangements has been applied to countries in Southeast Asia. This paper employs the normative juridical research method. In the current economic development, data is a new commodity that has a high value in the digital economy. Harmonization of cross-border data transfer regulations is needed to realize the Data Free Flow with Trust or also known as DFFT. However, the flow of data transfer needs to be further regulated through laws and regulations to protect the interests of data subjects for personal data that also goes through a cross-border data transfer. The regulation is a challenge in reaching a harmonized cross-border data transfer regulation, considering that each country has its own sovereignty over the laws that apply to their jurisdiction. This is an interesting phenomenon, considering that cross-border data transfer is a fact that occurs due to the development of the digital economy. Thus, the regulation of cross-border data transfer should fulfill two major objectives: on the one hand, to protect the interests of the data subjects in their personal data, and on the other hand, to ensure cross-border data transfer to increase the economic opportunities of the data itself."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi electronic exchange of Customs Declaration sebagai fasilitas perdagangan Indonesia di Indonesia. Melalui UNTF Survey tahun 2023, paperless & cross-border paperless trade di Indonesia masih memiliki ruang untuk berkembang lebih jauh. Penelitian mengambil electronic exchange of Customs Declaration sebagai aspek penelitian, berdasarkan status implementasinya yang saat ini paling rendah di Indonesia yaitu tahap perencanaan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data berdasarkan sumber informasi terpercaya di website. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai macam manfaat, peluang, dan juga tantangan yang Indonesia hadapi dalam implementasi electronic exchange of Customs Declaration. Hasil dari penelitian berupa rekomendasi terkait implementasi electronic exchange of Customs Declaration di Indonesia yaitu dengan memanfaatkan ACDD melalui ASW, memperbaiki regulasi, melakukan evaluasi kinerja stakeholder, dan meningkatkan kompetensi INSW.

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This research analyzes the implementation of electronic exchange of Customs Declaration as a trade facility in Indonesia. Through UNTF Survey in 2023, paperless & cross-border paperless trade in Indonesia still has room to grow further. The research took electronic exchange of Customs Declaration as the research aspect, based on its current lowest implementation status in Indonesia, which is the planning stage. The research was conducted using qualitative methods, with data collection based on reliable sources from the internet. This research shows that there are various benefits, opportunities, and also challenges that Indonesia faces in the implementation of electronic exchange of Customs Declaration. The results of the research are recommendations related to the implementation of electronic exchange of Customs Declaration in Indonesia, namely by utilizing ACDD through ASW, improving regulations, evaluating stakeholder performance, and increasing INSW competence.

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"Tulisan ini membahas urgensi diperlukannya penyelesaian sengketa kepailitan lintas batas negara dalam hal penerapan pengalokasian modifikasi pro rata boedel pailit lintas batas negara yang diputus oleh Pengadilan Delware Bersama Pengadilan Ontario karena terdapat konflik kepentingan dalam hal pembagian boedel pailit berupa paten. Merujuk kepada kasus ini, maka perlu mengetahui mekanisme pembagian boedel pailit di Indonesia sebagai tolok ukur penerapan modifikasi pro rata yang diterapkan pada kasus kepailitan Nortel Group, yang mana jika pembagian dilakukan tanpa dilakukannya modifikasi terhadap pro rata maka akan menimbulkan ketidakadilan bagi para kreditur. Adapun jenis penelitian hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif, jenis data sekunder dengan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Tipologi penelitiannya adalah preskriptif dan alat pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah studi dokumen yang didukung oleh data wawancara dengan narasumber/informan serta menggunakan metode kualitaif untuk menganalisis datanya. Hasil dari penerlitian ini adalahh bahwa penerapan modifikasi pro rata belum bias diterapkan di Indonesia, namun terdapat alternatif yang dapat dilakukan agar modifikasi pro rata ini dapat diterapkan di Indonesia sebagai salah satu cara dalam menyelesaikan kasus kepailitan lintas batas negara.This paper discusses the urgency of the need to resolve cross-border bankruptcy disputes in the application of the allocation of pro-rata cross-border bankruptcy modification allocations decided by the Delware Court and the Ontario Courts because there is a conflict of interest in the distribution of bankruptcy in the form of patents. Referring to this case, it is necessary to know the mechanism of the distribution of bankruptcy bailout in Indonesia as a benchmark for the application of pro rata modification applied to the Nortel Group bankruptcy case, which if the distribution is carried out without modification of pro rata will cause injustice for creditors. The type of legal research used in this study is normative juridical research, secondary data types with primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The research typology is prescriptive and the data collection tool in this study is the study of documents supported by interview data with informants / informants and uses qualitative methods to analyze the data. The result of this research is that the application of pro rata modification is not yet biased in Indonesia, but there are alternatives that can be done so that this pro rata modification can be applied in Indonesia as a way to resolve bankruptcy cases across national borders."