Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This book addresses the direct imaging of hydrogen-bond dynamics within water-based model systems assembled on a metal surface, using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The dynamics of individual hydrogen bonds in water clusters, hydroxyl clusters, and water-hydroxyl complexes are investigated in conjunction with density functional theory. In these model systems, quantum dynamics of hydrogen bonds, such as tunneling and zero-point nuclear motion, are observed in real space. Most notably, hydrogen atom relay reactions, which are frequently invoked across many fields of chemistry, are visualized and controlled by STM. This work presents a means of studying hydrogen-bond dynamics at the single-molecule level, providing an important contribution to wide fields beyond surface chemistry."

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas peran modal sosial dalam memenuhi sumberpenghidupan pada Komunitas Adat Dayak Ngaju di Manusup KalimantanTengah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial mempunyai peran penting danberfungsi dalam memperluas hubungan kerjasama, baik hubungan dalamkebutuhan sosial maupun hubungan dalam kebutuhan sumber penghidupan.Hubungan dalam kebutuhan sosial berfungsi melahirkan solidaritas sosial yangterbentuk melalui institusi sosial keadatan maupun agama. Sedangkan hubungandalam kebutuhan sumber penghidupan berfungsi menopang ketahanan ekonomidengan cara membuka interaksi dalam penguatan jaringan yang salingmenguntungkan, baik yang bersifat bonding, bridging dan linking capital.Bonding capital berperan membentuk kebersamaan dan kerekatanhubungan emosional dan mampu memperkuat pertalian intarnal. bridging capitalmampu membuka jalan dan menstimulasi perkembangan komunitas. Sedangkanlinking capital membawa manfaat yang besar terhadap kemajuan desa Manusup,yaitu kemajuan sarana pendidikan desa dan pengembangan potensi keahlian yangdimiliki dalam mendapatkan sumber penghidupan.

---

ABSTRACTThe thesis explains the role of the social capital to fulfill the life source at thetraditional community of Dayak Ngaju in Manusup, Central Borneo. Thisresearch is a qualitative one with a descriptive design. The result shows that socialcapital has important role and functioned itself to expand official relationship forsocial and fulfill the life needs. The relation on social needs was meant to born thesocial solidarity which was build social institution and/or religion, while therelation of life resources was meant to hold the economy hall by opening theinteraction on social network mutualism for bonding, bridging and linking capital.Bonding capital rolled as an institution to build togetherness andemotional relationship, and give the internal brotherhood bound stronger.Bridging capital could open the way and stimulate the community development,while linking capital bring big advantages for Manusup?s development, i.e.village?s education and human resources development which had by liferesources.;The thesis explains the role of the social capital to fulfill the life source at thetraditional community of Dayak Ngaju in Manusup, Central Borneo. Thisresearch is a qualitative one with a descriptive design. The result shows that socialcapital has important role and functioned itself to expand official relationship forsocial and fulfill the life needs. The relation on social needs was meant to born thesocial solidarity which was build social institution and/or religion, while therelation of life resources was meant to hold the economy hall by opening theinteraction on social network mutualism for bonding, bridging and linking capital.Bonding capital rolled as an institution to build togetherness andemotional relationship, and give the internal brotherhood bound stronger.Bridging capital could open the way and stimulate the community development,while linking capital bring big advantages for Manusup?s development, i.e.village?s education and human resources development which had by liferesources., The thesis explains the role of the social capital to fulfill the life source at thetraditional community of Dayak Ngaju in Manusup, Central Borneo. Thisresearch is a qualitative one with a descriptive design. The result shows that socialcapital has important role and functioned itself to expand official relationship forsocial and fulfill the life needs. The relation on social needs was meant to born thesocial solidarity which was build social institution and/or religion, while therelation of life resources was meant to hold the economy hall by opening theinteraction on social network mutualism for bonding, bridging and linking capital.Bonding capital rolled as an institution to build togetherness andemotional relationship, and give the internal brotherhood bound stronger.Bridging capital could open the way and stimulate the community development,while linking capital bring big advantages for Manusup’s development, i.e.village’s education and human resources development which had by liferesources.]"

"Summary:Comprehensively reviews bonding to enamel, dentin and cementum and analyses relevant adhesion mechanisms. In this book, emphasis is placed on the characterization of material interfaces with dental tissues in situ. It is addressed to both the dental researcher and the clinician."

"Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) adalah pelarut ramah lingkungan yang tidak mudah menguap dan dapat digunakan sebagai pelarut ekstraksi untuk menghilangkan asam oleat dari minyak kelapa sawit. Ini disebabkan oleh rendahnya tingkat toksisitas dan tidak memengaruhi kandungan antioksidan dari minyak kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencapai pemisahan yang efisien dari asam oleat dari minyak kelapa sawit dengan menyaring DES yang melarutkan asam oleat paling tinggi, menentukan kondisi optimal dalam proses pembekuan fraksional, dan menganalisis kandungan minyak kelapa sawit dalam DES menggunakan kromatografi gas serta kandungan DES dalam minyak kelapa sawit menggunakan metode titrasi Karl-Fischer. DES terbaik ditentukan dari hasil penapisan yang memiliki tingkat solubilitas tertinggi, yaitu kolin klorida (HBA) dan 1,2-oktandiol (HBD) dengan rasio molar 1:7 yang memiliki efisiensi ekstraksi sebesar 68,3%. Dalam proses pembekuan fraksional, sampel diuji dengan variasi suhu pendinginan sebesar 5°C, 10°C, dan 14°C. Dari hasil yang didapatkan, DES terbaik memiliki persentase recovery kandungan asam oleat dalam DES setelah pendinginan sebesar 53,33%.

---

Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) is a non-volatile, environmentally friendly solvent that can be used as an extraction solvent to remove oleic acid from palm oil. This is due to its low toxicity and does not affect the antioxidant content of palm oil. This study aims to achieve efficient separation of oleic acid from RBD palm olein by screening DES that dissolves the highest oleic acid, determining the optimal conditions in the fractional freezing process, and analyzing the palm oil content in DES using gas chromatography as well as the DES content in palm oil using the Karl-Fischer titration method. The best DES was determined from the screening stage that had the highest solubility level, namely choline chloride (HBA) and 1,2-octanediol (HBD) with a molar ratio of 1:7 which had an extraction efficiency of 68.3%. In the fractional freezing method, the samples were tested with cooling temperature variations of 5°C, 10°C, and 14°C. From the results obtained, the best DES has a recovery percentage of oleic acid content in DES after fractional freezing of 53.33%."

"Tegangan sisa merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya retak. Pada instalasi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN), karakterisasi tegangan sisa sangat penting karena banyak komponen PLTN dibentuk dengan sambungan las dari dua logam berbeda. Hal yang sama juga ditemukan pada kapal laut dan gerbong kereta. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi pada sambungan dua logam berbeda (disimilar metal). Dengan mengetahui karakteristik sambungan dissimilar metal maka dapat dipikirkan upaya meminimalisasi terjadinya retak. Sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini digunakan bahan SUS304 dan JIS 3101 SS400 yang dilas dengan metode GTAW atau TIG menggunakan filler AWS A5.22 DW 309L dengan sambungan V tunggal. Sampel terdiri dari 3 jenis dengan ketebalan berbeda masing-masing 8 mm, 10 mm dan 12 mm. Dalam susunan pengelasannya, sampel ditahan dengan menggunakan tack weld di empat posisi yang sama. Hasil las menunjukkan distorsi yang terjadi adalah 1,29° pada pelat tebal 8 mm, kemudian 1,93° pada pelat tebal 10 mm dan 3,22° pada pelat tebal 12 mm. Pengukuran tegangan sisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat difraksi neutron DN1-M milik PTBIN BATAN. Tiga posisi yang menjadi target pengukuran, yaitu daerah las, daerah HAZ dan logam induk. Pada daerah HAZ SUS304 pelat dengan tebal 12 mm nilai tegangan sisa sebesar 17 MPa arah transversal, 3 MPa arah axial dan -4 MPa arah normal merupakan nilai tegangan sisa terbesar dari ketiga sampel. Pada daerah las diperoleh tegangan sisa arah tekan dengan nilai -16 MPa arah transversal dan axial serta -3 MPa dalam arah normal yang juga merupakan nilai tertinggi di daerah las terletak pada sampel dengan tebal 12 mm. Pada daerah HAZ SS400 tegangan sisa tekan terjadi pada sampel dengan tebal 12 mm yaitu -16 MPa arah transversal, -47 MPa arah axial dan -35 MPa arah normal. Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan pengujian metalografi untuk memperoleh gambar struktur makro dan struktur mikro dari hasil las. Hasil analisis struktur makro menunjukkan dilusi yang terjadi sebesar 25 % dan dengan menggunakan diagram Schaeffler diperoleh delta ferit yang terbentuk sebesar 10%. Analisis struktur mikro menunjukkan bahwa pada daerah las tidak terbentuk martensit dan pada daerah HAZ SUS304 terjadi korosi batas butir yang ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya endapan krom karbida pada batas butir logam. Hal ini mengakibatkan besar tegangan sisa pada daerah HAZ SUS304 menjadi lebih tinggi dibanding daerah las. Hasil ini juga diperkuat dengan hasil uji kekerasan makro yang menunjukkan bahwa daerah HAZ SUS304 lebih keras dibanding daerah las sedangkan pada logam SS400 kenaikan angka kekerasan relatif kecil antara 8 hingga 12 HV. Hasil penelitian dengan simulasi menunjukkan bahwa distribusi temperatur dalam arah transversal pada permukaan pelat memperlihatkan bahwa kehilangan panas konduksi pada pelat dengan tebal 12 mm sangat besar. Ini meyebabkan pada sampel tersebut membutukan temperatur las yang lebih tinggi. Akibatnya jumlah masukan panas menjadi jauh lebih besar. Karena masukan panas yang lebih besar dengan perpindahan panas konduksi yang lebih luas maka tegangan sisa menjadi lebih tinggi.

---

Residual stress is one of the causes of crack. For a nuclear power plant, characterization of residual stress is very important since there are many joints welded of two different metals. Similar phenomena are also often found in ship and train.

This thesis is made available in order to describe characterization of joint of two different metals (dissimilar metal). By knowing the characteristics of dissimilar metal joint, some efforts can be considered to minimize crack from occurring. This research uses SUS304 and JIS 3101 SS400 as sample welded by technique of GTAW or TIG using filler AWS A5.22 DW 309L with single V joint. The samples consist of three types with different thickness: 8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm. During welding, the samples were held by tack weld at four same positions.

The results showed that distortion of 1.29°, 1.93°, and 3.22° occurred on the plate of 8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm, respectively. The measurement of residual stress was carried out by using a neutron diffraction device DN1-M of PTBIN BATAN. Three areas that became the target of measurement were weld area, HAZ, and main metal. On the area of HAZ of SUS304 plate of 12 mm in thickness, the residual stress is 17 MPa in transversal direction, 3 MPa in axial direction, and -4MPa in normal direction, which are the highest residual stress of the three samples. On the weld area, the residual stress in the pressing direction was -16 MPa in transversal and axial direction and -3 MPa in normal direction, which was the highest value of weld areas of the 12-mm sample. For the HAZ SS400 areas, the residual stress occurred on the 12-mm sample, as follows: -16 MPa in transversal direction, -47 MPa in axial direction, and -35 in normal direction.

This research also included metallographic examination to obtain the visualization of macro structure and micro structure of welding results. The results of macro structure analysis showed that dilution occurred as high as 25% and, by using Schaeffler diagram, ferrite delta formed as high as 10%. The analysis of micro structure indicated that in the weld areas, martensit did not occur and in the area of HAZ SUS304, corrosion of grain boundary occurred as showed by the presence of chrome carbide precipitated on grain boundary. This phenomenon causes residual stress in the area of HAZ SUS304 is higher than that in other area. This result is also supported by the results of macro hardness test, which shows that the area of HAZ SS304 is harder than that of other weld areas, meanwhile the increase of hardness value is relatively small, only between 8 and 12 HV.

The results of simulation indicate that, by examining temperature distribution in transversal direction of plate surface, the 12-mm plate experiences very much losses of conduction heat. This makes the corresponding sample require higher weld temperature. Consequently, the amount of heat input becomes much higher. Because heat input is much higher and conductive heat transfer is much larger, the residual stress becomes much higher."

"In this book the structural details of materials are elucidated with the X-ray diffraction technique. Analyses of the charge density and the local and average structure are given to reveal the structural properties of technologically important materials. Readers will gain a new understanding of the local and average structure of existing materials."

"Salah satu penyebab penurunan populasi Hylobates agilis adalah rendahnya tingkat reproduksi dari owa ungko. Selain itu, owa ungko juga membutuhkan kemampuan yang tinggi untuk mempertahankan komunikasi agar bertahan monogami. Kemampuan tersebut merupakan bentuk dari pair bonding. Telah dilakukan penelitian aktivitas pair bonding pada owa ungko (Hylobates agilis) di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberadaan pair bonding pada pasangan owa ungko di Pusat Primata di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan dan melihat kaitannya dengan keberadaan pengunjung. Subjek penelitian ini, yaitu 2 pasang owa ungko dengan pasangan pertama telah menghasilkan keturunan dan mengalami pemisahan selama satu tahun sementara pasangan lainnya merupakan pasangan baru yang dipasangkan selama satu tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 4 pekan dari Juli sampai Agustus 2022 mulai pukul 08.00-13.00 WIB. Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu scan animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling. Perilaku pair bonding yang diamati terdiri dari tujuh perilaku, yaitu allogrooming, proximity, contact, behaviour sync, presenting, duet vokalisasi dan agonistik. Sementara untuk Kondisi pengunjung dibagi menjadi tiga kategori, yaitu aktivitas, kepadatan, dan kebisingan Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan, kedua pasang owa ungko yang telah lama dipisahkan maupun baru menunjukan perilaku pair bonding dan tingginya keberadaan pengunjung cukup berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pair bonding

---

One of the causes of the decline in the Hylobates agilis population is the low reproduction rate of the gibbon. Besides that, the gibbon also requires a high ability to maintain communication in order to survive monogamy. That ability is a form of pair bonding. Pair bonding activity research has been carried out on the gibbon (Hylobates agilis) in Ragunan Wildlife Park. This study aims to analyze the existence of pair bonding in gibbon pairs at the Primate Center in Ragunan Wildlife Park and see its relation to the presence of visitors. The subjects of this study were 2 pairs of gibbons with the first pair having produced offspring and experiencing separation for one year while the second pair was a new pair that was paired for one year. This research was conducted for 4 weeks from July to August 2022 from 08.00–13.00 WIB. The method in this research is scan animal sampling and ad libitum sampling. The observed pair bonding behavior consisted of seven behaviors, namely allogrooming, proximity, contact, sync behavior, presenting, vocalization and agonistic duets. Meanwhile, the condition of visitors is divided into three categories, namely activity, density, and noise."

"Principally, metal ceramic bonding were determined by availability of forming oxide layer on the interface between metal and ceramic. Only a thin film of oxide layer that needed for provide sufficient adherence. Many investigations were done in order to increase this condition, for example kinds of treatment on the interface e.g. alternative oxidation, sandblasting and finishing metal direction. These investigations purposed to measure the magnitude of metal ceramic bonding through the kinds of test e.g. shear bonding and flexual biaxial testing. Besides, metal ceramic bonding might be detected by the amount of remained ceramic adherence. Treatment on the metal ceramic until investigated the influence of moisture environment to the metal ceramic bonding."