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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kebutuhan asam laktat di Indonesia selalu meningkat setiap tahunnya. Produksi asam laktat dengan proses fermentasi memiliki beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan dengan produksi asam laktat dengan sintesis kimia, antara lain bersifat lebih ramah lingkungan sertadapat menghasilkan asam L-(+)- laktat murni yang banyak diaplikasikan dalam berbagai industri.Fermentasi asam laktat dilakukan dengan bantuan mikroorganisme yang menghasilkan asam laktat, salah satunya jamur Rhizopus oryzaeyang telah diketahui menghasilkan yield yang cukup tinggi dan dapat dipisahkan dengan mudah dari medium cair. Penelitian ini mengoptimasi purifikasi asam laktat dari campuran hasil fermentasi (fermentation broth) dengan metode ekstraksi cair-cair. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan ekstraktan tri-n-butylamine (TBA) dalam kloroform yang berfungsi sebagai modifier untuk memperoleh ekstrak 20mL asam laktat yang optimal.Analisis kandungan asam laktat akan dilakukan dengan metode titrasi dan HPLC. Variasi yang digunakan ialah komposisi ekstraktan dan juga suhu yang akan divariasikan pada kisaran 25 ? 50C. Hasil menunjukkan kesesuaian antara komposisi ekstraktan dan suhu optimum yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini dengan penelitian terdahulu yang menggunakan campuran asam laktat dalam air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan rasio ekstraktan yang optimal untuk mengekstrak 20mL asam laktat hasil fermentasi ialah 18 mL TBA dalam 4 mL kloroform. Adapun suhu optimal yang digunakan dalam proses ekstraksi cair-cair ialah 25C.Hasil dari penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa proses pemisahan asam laktat yang diproduksi dari hasil fermentasi glukosa dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan pada skala industri.

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ABSTRACT
The demand of lactic acid in Indonesia is increasing every year. Recent trends showed that lactic acid production through fermentation is advantageous over chemical process because it produces more L(+) lactic acidwhich is used in industrial applications and environmentally friendly. Lactic acid fermentation is done by the help of some microorganisms, one of them is Rhizopus oryzae. It is known that fermentation of glucose with Rhizopus oryzae obtains high yield of lactic acid which can be separated from the fermentation broth. This research is optimizing lactic acid purification from fermentation broth by using liquid-liquid extraction method. In this research, lactic acid is extracted by Tributylamine (TBA) and chloroform as the modifierto obtain 20 mL lactic acid with optimum purity in the extract. Lactic acid concentration is analyzed byHPLC and titration method. This research varies the temperature of the extraction in range 25-40Cand also the concentration ratio of the extractant. Results obtained from this research are corresponding with results from the prior research which used the mixture of lactic acid and glucose. The optimum extractant composition obtained from this research is 18 mL TBA in 4 mL chloroform, while the optimum temperature for the liquid-liquid extraction is 25C. This research also showed that purification process of lactic acid which produced from fermentation of glucose can be used for developments in industrial scale.

Abstrak :
This book is the first of its kind to bring together experts from across Europe to explore the landscape of current life science policy and industrial development in CEE, including implications for economies, regulatory and legal frameworks, health care, ethics and human rights.

Abstrak :
"This book, the first in a new series that focuses on treaty implementation for sustainable development, examines key legal aspects of implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) at national and international levels. The volume provides a serious contribution to the current legal and political academic debates on biosafety by discussing key issues under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety that affect the further design of national and international law on biosafety, and analyzing recent progress in the development of domestic regulatory regimes for biosafety. It also examines the legal, political, economic, and practical challenges and solutions encountered in recent efforts to develop and implement domestic biosafety regulations, with a focus on developing countries. In the year of the fifth UN Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, at the signature of a new Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Protocol on Liability and Redress, this timely book examines recent developments in biosafety law and policy"--