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Abstrak :
Untuk meningkatkan konsumsi kelapa sawit domestik, Pemerintah Indonesia telah secara agresif mengimplementasikan program mandatori B20. Kebijakan ini juga merupakan bagian dari upaya Pemerintah untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap impor minyak serta mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca. Meski demikian, implementasi kebijakan ini memiliki dampak terhadap ketersediaan air dan pangan akibat peningkatan konversi dan ekspansi lahan tanaman penghasil biofuel di masa mendatang. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa air, energi dan pangan merupakan sumber daya yang penting untuk mencapai agenda pembangunan berkelanjutan. Meningkatnya permintaan terhadap ketiga sumber daya tersebut tentu saja menimbulkan tantangan dalam pelestariannya. Lebih lanjut lagi, permasalahan ini menjadikan keseimbangan antara sumber daya air, energi dan pangan sulit untuk direalisasikan mengingat perencanaan dan pengelolaan ketiga sumber daya tersebut berada di bawah sistem sektoral yang disonan. Hubungan antara ketiga sumber daya tersebut merepresentasikan sebuah sistem yang dinamis dan kompleks, sehingga memerlukan sebuah pendekatan holistik dari perspektif Water-Energy-Food nexus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami trade-off yang ditimbulkan dari sumber daya air, energi dan pangan pada industri biofuel dengan menggunakan pendekatan sistem dinamis. Berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan industri biofuel di Indonesia perlu dipertimbangkan dalam merumuskan kebijakan yang dapat menyeimbangkan sumber daya air dan pangan secara berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengimplementasian kebijakan memberikan dampak yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan sektor yang disasar oleh kebijakan tersebut. Pengujian kebijakan yang dilakukan pada empat macam skenario ini diharapkan dapat membantu para pengambil keputusan untuk merumuskan kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya berbasis WEF nexus pada sektor biofuel secara efektif dan efisien. Terakhir, implikasi dan limitasi hasil penelitian akan didiskusikan sehingga dapat dikembangkan untuk penelitian-penelitian terkait WEF nexus di Indonesia

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In an attempt to increase domestic palm oil consumption, Indonesia has enforced the mandatory use of 20 percent blended biofuel (B20). This policy is part of the government efforts to reduce oil dependency in energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, the implementation of the policy prones to affect the water and food availability as the demand for biofuel crops is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. Correspondingly, sufficient quantity of water, energy, and food resources is considered essential to achieve the sustainable development agenda. The increasing demand for all three resources undeniably places a great strain on its preservation management. On the other hand, the planning and management of these resources are under dissonant sectoral systems. This issue, which can make the balance between the three resources arduous to realize, needs to be scrutinized. The complex relationship between the three resources reflects a complex dynamic system, needing a holistic approach that considers the integration of Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus to understand better the system. Therefore, this study aims to understand the trade-offs between the WEF nexus on the production of biofuel using a system dynamics approach. Many underlying factors affecting biofuel development should be taken into consideration when formulating policy for attaining a sustainable balance between water and food resources. This study indicates that each policy implementation results in various impacts depending on the targeted sectors. Moreover, the policy is tested upon four different scenarios in order to help the policy makers during the formulation process of WEF resources management policy in the biofuel sector. Lastly, further discussion mentions the implications and limitations of the study as a basis to develop future researches on similar theme of WEF nexus in Indonesia

Abstrak :
This book extends the framework of the climate-energy-land nexus to elucidate political, economic, social, and institutional factors and causal mechanisms that stringent climate targets bring about, rather than mitigate a disproportional heavy burden on the forest sector in Indonesia. Assessing climate, energy, agricultural, forest, and transmigration policies, and REDD+ and biochar solutions through a multidisciplinary approach, ranging from biological, agricultural, technological, economic, and institutional lenses, the book identifies the political-economic and socio-technical regimes that cause the crosssectoral transfer of responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions to palm-oil-based biofuel, imposing an excess burden on the forest sector and accelerating indirect land-use change. It also proposes possible countermeasures for agricultural and forest sectors, reconfirming that technical applications and integrated policymaking should trigger the socioeconomic changes that will make transformative change happen in Indonesia. As an analysis of the success, or otherwise, of stringent climate targets, policies, and technological and non-technological measures on the reduction of greenhouse gases, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars in the fields of environment & sustainability, Asian studies, energy, environment and agriculture, forestry, and agriculture & environmental sciences. It will also appeal to practitioners and policymakers tackling net-zero emissions and land and forest governance.