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Irwan Wakhidiyanto
"[Konsumsi minyak mentah untuk dijadikan bahan bakar terus meningkat, seiring dengan tumbuhnya perekonomian dunia. Kekhawatiran akan terus berkurangnya cadangan minyak dunia, ketidakstabilan harga minyak dnia serta perunya pengurangan gas rumah kaca menjadi alasan untuk munculnya pengembangan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan. Bahan bakar nabati (BBN) atau
disebut juga biofuel menjadi alternatif paling cocok untuk menggantikan dominansi bahan bakar fosil minyak, karena sifatnya dan teknoogi sekarang yag mampu langsung mengadopsi BBN, berbeda dengan sumber energi terbarukan lainnya yang lebih mudah untuk dikonversi menjadi listrik. Banyak Negara telah mengembangkan pemanfaatan BBN, begitu juga di Indonesia. Program mandatory BBN menjadi alat untuk menguatkan pemanfaatan BBN di Indonesia. Namun beberapa tahun kebelakang yang terjadi adalah sedikitnya realisasi pemanfaatan BBN, dan yang masih berjalan adalah biodiesel.
Harga diindikasikan menjadi faktor yang menyumbangkan peran besar atas produktifitas pemanfaatan BBN di Indonesia. Keekonomian harga BBN tidak lagi dicapai sejak penurunan harga minyak mentah dunia, maka diusulkanlah perubahan formula harga yang tidak berpatokan pada harga minyak mentah dunia. Atas dasar hal tersebut maka perlu adanya suatu analisis yang mengkaji formulasi harga BBN yang ditetapkan pemerintah dengan formulasi harga BBM
yang juga telah ditetapkan pemerintah, kemudian didapat informasi terkait dengan formulasi harga yang ada saat ini apakah mampu menghadapi dinamika harga minyak dunia maupun harga CPO. Juga diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi yang tepat tentang perkembangan pemanfaatan BBN di Indonesia. Lebih jauh lagi
untuk mendapat perhitungan yang tepat potensi penghematan yang mungkin didapat dari pemanfaatan BBN ini. Dengan metode pemodelan dari tiap ragam kondisi harga HIP Solar dan HIP biodiesel didapatkan bahwa ada batasan pemanfaatan pencampuran biodiesel an Solar yang dianggap masih dalam kondisi keekonomian yang dinyatakan dalam limit CPO.;Consumption of crude oil to be used as fuel continues to increase, along with the growing world economy. Concerns will continue the reduction of world oil reserves, oil price volatility dnia and perunya reduction of greenhouse gas into the reasons for the emergence of pngembangan utilization of renewable energy.
biofuels (BBN) be the most suitable alternative to replace fossil fuel dominance of oil, due to its nature and teknoogi Yag now able to directly adopt the biofuel, in contrast to other renewable energy sources that are easier to convert into electricity. Many countries have begun to develop the use of biofuel, as well as in Indonesia. BBN (biofuel) mandatory program into a tool for build biofuel utilization in Indonesia. But few know that the case is at least backward realization biofuel utilization, and is still running is biodiesel. Price is indicated to
be a factor that contributes a big role in the productivity of biofuel utilization in Indonesia. BBN is no longer economical prices achieved since the drop in world crude oil prices, then issued to change the price formula based on the price of Crude oil world. On the basis that it is necessary to examine an analytical formulation of biofuel price set by the government in the formulation of fuel prices has also been
set by the government, then can obtain information relating to the formulation of the current price is able to deal with the dynamics of world oil prices and the price of CPO. Also expected to provide precise information about the development of biofuel utilization in Indonesia. Furthermore to obtain a precise calculation of potential savings that may be obtained from the use of these fuels. With the modeling method of each variety of conditions and prices of HIP Solar, HIP biodiesel found that there is limit utilization of mixing biodiesel and diesel are considered still in the economic conditions stated in the limit CPO., Consumption of crude oil to be used as fuel continues to increase, along
with the growing world economy. Concerns will continue the reduction of world
oil reserves, oil price volatility dnia and perunya reduction of greenhouse gas into
the reasons for the emergence of pngembangan utilization of renewable energy.
biofuels (BBN) be the most suitable alternative to replace fossil fuel dominance of
oil, due to its nature and teknoogi Yag now able to directly adopt the biofuel, in
contrast to other renewable energy sources that are easier to convert into
electricity.
Many countries have begun to develop the use of biofuel, as well as in
Indonesia. BBN (biofuel) mandatory program into a tool for build biofuel
utilization in Indonesia. But few know that the case is at least backward
realization biofuel utilization, and is still running is biodiesel. Price is indicated to
be a factor that contributes a big role in the productivity of biofuel utilization in
Indonesia. BBN is no longer economical prices achieved since the drop in world
crude oil prices, then issued to change the price formula based on the price of
Crude oil world.
On the basis that it is necessary to examine an analytical formulation of
biofuel price set by the government in the formulation of fuel prices has also been
set by the government, then can obtain information relating to the formulation of
the current price is able to deal with the dynamics of world oil prices and the price
of CPO. Also expected to provide precise information about the development of
biofuel utilization in Indonesia. Furthermore to obtain a precise calculation of
potential savings that may be obtained from the use of these fuels.
With the modeling method of each variety of conditions and prices of HIP
Solar, HIP biodiesel found that there is limit utilization of mixing biodiesel and
diesel are considered still in the economic conditions stated in the limit CPO.]"
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T44286
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Eliana Stefani
"Biofuel hasil produksi dari ko-pirolisis trigliserida dan polipropilena masih mengandung oksigenat yang cukup tinggi sehingga memiliki heating value yang rendah, korosif dan tidak stabil. Pada penelitian ini, katalis ZrO2/ -Al2O3 - TiO2 diharapkan dapat memperbaiki karakteristik bio-oil dan mengarahkan reaksi sehingga menghasilkan biofuel. Katalis dikalsinasi dengan variasi suhu 1150˚C dan 1300˚C dan variasi heating rate 5, 7 dan 9˚C/menit. Setelah dikarakterisasi, didapatkan bahwa katalis yang paling optimum yaitu memiliki fasa struktur kristal tetragonal terbanyak sebesar 4.2%, luas permukaan 3.7 m2/g, komposisi rasio atom yang tepat yaitu pada variasi heating rate 7˚C/menit dengan suhu 1150˚C, Kemudian, pada proses catalytic co-pyrolysis komposisi umpan yang digunakan adalah 50%, 60%, 75% dan 90% Polipropilena dengan loading katalis ZrO2/ -Al2O3 – TiO2 sebanyak 15% total umpan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di reaktor berpengaduk dengan jumlah feed 200 gram, laju pemanasan 10˚C/menit, suhu pirolisis 550˚C dan kecepatan pengadukan 80 RPM dengan laju aliran gas nitrogen 100 mL / menit. Dari hasil katalitik ko-pirolisis menggunakan katalis ZrO2/ -Al2O3 – TiO2 diperoleh hasil yield produk biofuel tertinggi sebesar 50% pada variasi 50% PP. Penggunaan katalis ZrO2/ -Al2O3 – TiO2 mampu meningkatkan produksi alkana dan alkena dengan mengurangi kandungan asam karboksilat dan keton pada biofuel. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa, penggunaan katalis juga mampu memaksimalkan reaksi deoksigenasi, selain adanya penggunaan PP yang berperan sebagai donor hidrogen untuk mengikat rantai karbon. Menurut analisis GC MS, H NMR dan C NMR, kandungan senyawa yang dominan adalah alkana dan alkena. Apabila dilihat dari nilai viskositas kinematik biofuel, diketahui bahwa nilai viskositas mendekati bahan bakar 0# diesel.

Biofuel produced from the triglyceride and polypropylene co-pyrolysis still contains high oxygenate content which requires low calorific value, corrosive and unstable. In this study, the ZrO2 / α-Al2O3 - TiO2 catalyst is expected to improve the characteristics of bio-oil and facilitate reactions so as to produce biofuels. The catalyst is calcined with a temperature variation of 1150˚C and 1300˚C and a variation of the heating rate of 5, 7 and 9˚C/minute. After being characterized, the most optimal catalyst was obtained which had the most tetragonal crystal structure phase of 4.2%, surface area of ​​3.7 m2/g, the composition of the right atomic ratio at a heating rate variation of 7˚C/min with a temperature of 1150˚C Then, in the catalytic co-pyrolysis process, the composition of the feed used is 50%, 60%, 75% and 90% Polypropylene by loading ZrO2/α-Al2O3 - TiO2 catalyst as much as 15% of the total feed. This research was carried out on a stirred tank reactor with total feed 200 gram, heating rate of 10 ˚C /min, pyrolysis temperature of 550˚C and a stirring speed of 80 RPM with a nitrogen gas flow rate of 100 mL / min. From the results of pyrolysis using ZrO2/α-Al2O3 - TiO2 catalysts are entitled to the highest biofuel yield of 50% in a variation of 50% PP. The use of ZrO2/α-Al2O3 - TiO2 catalyst has succeeded in increasing the production of alkanes and alkenes by reducing the carboxylic acid and ketone content in biofuels. This shows that, supporting the catalyst can also maximize the deoxygenation reaction, in addition to the use of PP which uses a donor to bind the carbon chain. According to GC MS, H NMR and C NMR analysis, alkanes and alkenes are predominant compounds in bio-oil. When seen from the value of viscosity, kinematic biofuel, recommended about the value of viscosity, 0# diesel fuel."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nabilla Putri Pratiwi
"Meningkatnya permintaan energi global telah meningkatkan kebutuhan sumber bahan bakar alternatif. Biofuel adalah salah satu jenis energi alternatif terbarukan yang dihasilkan oleh suatu tanaman, salah satu contohnya adalah Jatropha curcas. Kendala utama dalam pertumbuhan Jatropha curcas adalah tanaman ini mudah terjangkit penyakit mosaik yang disebabkan oleh vektor lalat putih. Berbagai cara telah dikembangkan untuk mengatasi penyakit tanaman ini, tetapi kesuksesannya sangat bergantung pada tingkat kepedulian dan program pencegahan dari petani maupun pihak terkait. Penulisan skripsi ini akan berfokus pada efek dari intervensi nutrisi pada pertumbuhan Jatropha curcas dan insektisida untuk membunuh lalat putih dalam bentuk model matematika. Model matematika penyakit mosaik pada Jatropha curcas akan dianalisis dimana penggunaan intervensi bergantung pada tingkat kepedulian populasi manusia. Berdasarkan kajian analitik yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh 2 buah titik keseimbangan yang ditunjukan oleh model ini: keseimbangan bebas penyakit dan keseimbangan endemik. Hasil ditunjukan oleh beberapa simulasi numerik untuk mendukung dan memberikan interpretasi terhadap analisis yang telah dikerjakan
.Increasing global energy demands have increased the need for alternative fuel sources. Biofuel is one type of renewable alternative energy that could be produced by a plant; one of the examples is Jatropha curcas. The main obstacle in the growth of Jatropha curcas that this plant is susceptible to mosaic disease caused by whitefly vectors. Various methods have been developed to surmount this plant disease, but the success heavily depends on the level of awareness and prevention programs from farmers and related parties. This thesis will focus on the effects of nutritional interventions on the growth of Jatropha curcas and insecticides to kill whitefly vectors in the form of a mathematical model. The mathematical model of mosaic disease in Jatropha curcas would be analyzed where the use of interventions depends on the level of population awareness. Based on an analytical study that has been carried out, obtained two equilibrium shown by this model: disease-free equilibria and endemic equilibria. The results are given by several numerical simulations to support the analysis that had been done."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Amanda Pramesti Dewi
"Crude Palm oil has a high potential to be developed into bio-oil because of its triglyceride content. Indonesia is the largest palm oil producing country in the world. So far, crude palm oil has not been used optimally, especially as industrial raw materials. Whereas palm oil can be utilized as a renewable energy through a catalytic co-pyrolysis process. In addition, plastic waste is also abundant in Indonesia, especially polypropylene plastic. The purpose of this study was to
determine the effect of additional catalyst to improve bio-oil quality. The catalyst used is ZrO2/!-Al2O3-TiO2. This research was carried out in a stirred tube reactor
at a temperature of 550oC, heating rate of 5oC / min, a stirring speed of 80 RPM with a nitrogen gas flow rate of 100 mL / min. Variations made in the form of an additional amount of mass% of polypropylene plastic and catalyst that will affect the yield and composition of the bio-oil produced. Biofuel is characterized using GC-MS, NMR and FTIR. According to analysis of GC MS, H NMR dan C NMR, the predominant compounds in bio-oil are alkanes and alkenes. By using catalytic co-pyrolysis, the yield of bio-oil from 19% to 50%, char from 13,2% to 13,5%, and
non-condensable gases from 10,45% to 12,8% tends to increase for all variation. Conversely, the wax shows a decline from 57,35% to 23,7%. Maximum biofuel is at 50%PP with 50% yield of bio-oil and 87% of alkanes.

Minyak kelapa sawit mentah memiliki potensi tinggi untuk dikembangkan menjadi bio-minyak karena kandungan trigliserida. Indonesia adalah negara penghasil minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia. Sejauh ini, minyak sawit mentah belum digunakan secara optimal, terutama sebagai bahan baku industri. Sedangkan minyak sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi terbarukan melalui proses copirolisis katalitik. Selain itu, sampah plastik juga melimpah di Indonesia, terutama plastik polypropylene. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh katalis tambahan untuk meningkatkan kualitas bio-minyak. Katalis yang digunakan adalah ZrO2/ ! -Al2O3-TiO2. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam reaktor tangki berpengaduk pada suhu maksimum 550oC, laju pemanasan 10oC / menit, kecepatan pengadukan 80 RPM dengan laju aliran gas nitrogen 100 mL / menit. Sedangkan, dilakukan variasi untuk co-pirolisis dibuat dalam bentuk jumlah tambahan% massa
plastik polipropilena dan katalis yang akan mempengaruhi hasil dan komposisi biofuel yang dihasilkan. Biofuel dikarakterisasi menggunakan GC-MS, NMR, FTIR, dan Viskositas. Menurut analisis GC MS, H NMR dan C NMR, kandungan senyawa yang dominan adalah alkane dan alkena. Dengan katalitik co-pirolisis, yield bio-oil dari 19% ke 50% , char dari 13,2% ke 13,5%, dan non-condensable
gas dari 10,45% ke 12,8% cenderung naik untuk semua variasi. Sebaliknya wax menunjukkan penurunan dari 57,35% ke 23,7%. Biofuel maksimal dihasilkan pada komposisi 50% PP dengan 50% yield bio-oil dan 87% komposisi alkana
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dyah Rusty Indriani
"Untuk meningkatkan konsumsi kelapa sawit domestik, Pemerintah Indonesia telah secara agresif mengimplementasikan program mandatori B20. Kebijakan ini juga merupakan bagian dari upaya Pemerintah untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap impor minyak serta mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca. Meski demikian, implementasi kebijakan ini memiliki dampak terhadap ketersediaan air dan pangan akibat peningkatan konversi dan ekspansi lahan tanaman penghasil biofuel di masa mendatang. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa air, energi dan pangan merupakan sumber daya yang penting untuk mencapai agenda pembangunan berkelanjutan. Meningkatnya permintaan terhadap ketiga sumber daya tersebut tentu saja menimbulkan tantangan dalam pelestariannya. Lebih lanjut lagi, permasalahan ini menjadikan keseimbangan antara sumber daya air, energi dan pangan sulit untuk direalisasikan mengingat perencanaan dan pengelolaan ketiga sumber daya tersebut berada di bawah sistem sektoral yang disonan. Hubungan antara ketiga sumber daya tersebut merepresentasikan sebuah sistem yang dinamis dan kompleks, sehingga memerlukan sebuah pendekatan holistik dari perspektif Water-Energy-Food nexus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami trade-off yang ditimbulkan dari sumber daya air, energi dan pangan pada industri biofuel dengan menggunakan pendekatan sistem dinamis. Berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan industri biofuel di Indonesia perlu dipertimbangkan dalam merumuskan kebijakan yang dapat menyeimbangkan sumber daya air dan pangan secara berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengimplementasian kebijakan memberikan dampak yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan sektor yang disasar oleh kebijakan tersebut. Pengujian kebijakan yang dilakukan pada empat macam skenario ini diharapkan dapat membantu para pengambil keputusan untuk merumuskan kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya berbasis WEF nexus pada sektor biofuel secara efektif dan efisien. Terakhir, implikasi dan limitasi hasil penelitian akan didiskusikan sehingga dapat dikembangkan untuk penelitian-penelitian terkait WEF nexus di Indonesia

In an attempt to increase domestic palm oil consumption, Indonesia has enforced the mandatory use of 20 percent blended biofuel (B20). This policy is part of the government efforts to reduce oil dependency in energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, the implementation of the policy prones to affect the water and food availability as the demand for biofuel crops is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. Correspondingly, sufficient quantity of water, energy, and food resources is considered essential to achieve the sustainable development agenda. The increasing demand for all three resources undeniably places a great strain on its preservation management. On the other hand, the planning and management of these resources are under dissonant sectoral systems. This issue, which can make the balance between the three resources arduous to realize, needs to be scrutinized. The complex relationship between the three resources reflects a complex dynamic system, needing a holistic approach that considers the integration of Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus to understand better the system. Therefore, this study aims to understand the trade-offs between the WEF nexus on the production of biofuel using a system dynamics approach. Many underlying factors affecting biofuel development should be taken into consideration when formulating policy for attaining a sustainable balance between water and food resources. This study indicates that each policy implementation results in various impacts depending on the targeted sectors. Moreover, the policy is tested upon four different scenarios in order to help the policy makers during the formulation process of WEF resources management policy in the biofuel sector. Lastly, further discussion mentions the implications and limitations of the study as a basis to develop future researches on similar theme of WEF nexus in Indonesia"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2021
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
"This book extends the framework of the climate-energy-land nexus to elucidate political, economic, social, and institutional factors and causal mechanisms that stringent climate targets bring about, rather than mitigate a disproportional heavy burden on the forest sector in Indonesia.
Assessing climate, energy, agricultural, forest, and transmigration policies, and REDD+ and biochar solutions through a multidisciplinary approach, ranging from biological, agricultural, technological, economic, and institutional lenses, the book identifies the political-economic and socio-technical regimes that cause the crosssectoral transfer of responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions to palm-oil-based biofuel, imposing an excess burden on the forest sector and accelerating indirect land-use change. It also proposes possible countermeasures for agricultural and forest sectors, reconfirming that technical applications and integrated policymaking should trigger the socioeconomic changes that will make transformative change happen in Indonesia.
As an analysis of the success, or otherwise, of stringent climate targets, policies, and technological and non-technological measures on the reduction of greenhouse gases, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars in the fields of environment & sustainability, Asian studies, energy, environment and agriculture, forestry, and agriculture & environmental sciences. It will also appeal to practitioners and policymakers tackling net-zero emissions and land and forest governance."
London: Routledge, 2023
e20534420
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Angga Arianda
"ABSTRAK
Pertumbuhan minat akan produksi biofuel dari minyak nabati telah memicu peningkatan permintaan crude palm oil (CPO) yang merupakan sumber potensial untuk pembuatan biofuel. Namun, terdapat masalah yang dihadapi dalam proses transportasi fluida dengan memanfaatkan sistem perpipaan untuk berbagai aplikasi industri. Masalah tersebut termasuk konsumsi daya pompa yang tinggi karena adanya hambatan aliran yang tinggi dan sedimentasi oleh kristal yang terbentuk dari proses pengkeruhan dalam aliran CPO. Surfaktan nonionik umumnya digunakan sebagai penurun titik keruh (cloud point) dan juga dikenal sebagai drag reducing agent yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penyelidikan tentang efektivitas surfaktan nonionik sebagai drag reducing agent dalam menciptakan pengurangan hambatan pada aliran CPO yang melalui pipa spiral segilima. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dan analisis numerik. Metode eksperimental dilakukan menggunakan pipa spiral pentagon dengan rasio pitch (P/Di) 10.8 dan pipa bulat dengan diameter dalam 4 mm sebagai pembanding. Analisis numerik dilakukan menggunakan computational fluid dynamics untuk membuat analisis lebih lanjut tentang penelitian ini. Efektivitas pengurangan drag dianalisis melaui faktor gesekan dan profil distribusi kecepatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, konsentrasi surfaktan nonionik memberikan pengaruh signifikan pada pengurangan hambatan, sementara pipa spiral segilima dapat meningkatkan pengurangan hambatan yang lebih tinggi dibanding pipa bulat.

ABSTRACT
The growing interests to produce biofuels from vegetable oil have been triggering increases in demands for crude palm oil (CPO) as a potential source for biofuel production. However, there are problems encountered in the fluid transportation process utilizing piping systems for various industrial applications. Those problems include high consumption of fluid pumping power due to high drag resistance and sedimentation by crystallization results in the formation of cloud in CPO flows. Nonionic surfactant has commonly been used as a cloud points reducer and also known as a good drag reducing agent. This study aimed at conducting an investigation on the effectiveness of nonionic surfactant as a drag reducing agent to create drag reduction of CPO flow through pentagon spiral pipe. This research methodology ware experimental and numerical analysis. The experimental research uses a pentagon spiral pipe with pitch ratio (P/Di) 10.8 and a circular pipe with 4 mm inner diameter as a comparison. The numerical analysis uses computational fluid dynamics to create more investigation about this research. The effectiveness of the drag reduction was analyzed by friction factor and velocity profile distribution. Looking at the results of this study, nonionic surfactant concentrations deliver a significant influence on drag reduction, while pentagon spiral pipe promote higher drag reduction than circular pipes.
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2020
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Karima Agustianti
"
ABSTRACT
The main energy sources in Indonesia generally still rely on fossil fuels, such as petroleum, coal and natural gas. Biofuel is a solution that can be applied as a substitute for fossil fuels. This research was conducted by simulating the biofuel production process and calculating the amount of carbon dioxide emissions produced. This simulation is done by modeling the hydroprocessing process using Unisim R390.1 by optimizing the operating conditions for each raw material. The Hydrotreatment process was varied at a pressure of 1-5 MPa and a temperature of 250oC - 350oC. shows that palm oil is the most effective in producing bioavtur at a temperature of 300oC and a pressure of 3 MPa, while nyamplung oil is the most effective for producing renewable diesel at a temperature of 300oC and a pressure of 3 MPa. The calculation of the number of emissions from the carbon dioxide life cycle shows that to produce 1 kg of biofuel, 3.82 x 103 kg of CO2 is produced
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2020
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library