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Abstrak :
Bahan bakar biodiesel adalah mono alkyl esters dengan rantai asam lemak panjang yang diturunkan dari sumber lemak yang dapat diperbarui. Biodiesel yang diproyeksikan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar yang berasal dari minyak bumi mempunyai beberapa keuntungan, di antaranya adalah lebih bersih dalam menghasilkan gas buang, pelumasan yang lebih baik, dan tidak diperlukannya modifikasi mesin ataupun infrastruktur ya. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengujian bahan bakar solar dan campuran 70 % solar dengan methyl ester sawit 30 % (MES-30) sebagai referensinya, kemudian melakukan pengujian terhadap campuran 70 % solar dengan methyl ester jarak 30 % (MET130). Ketiga kelompok bahan bakar ini diuji dengan menggunakan mesin diesel Hydra, silinder tunggal indirect injection (1 )1). Pengujian dilakukan di Test Cell 1 BTMP-BPPT, PUSPIPTEK - Serpong. Studi kali ini berusaha untuk mempelajari emisi dan heat release biodiesel minyak sawit dan minyak jarak untuk kemudian dibandingkan dengan solar. Dan basil penelitian didapatkan emisi gas buang MES-30 dan MFJ-30 membentuk trend yang serupa dengan solar, menghasilkan emisi smoke, hidrokarbon, dan CO lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan solar. Untuk emisi NOx tidak berbeda jauh nilainya dengan solar dan tidak dapat didefinisikan dengan balk kecenderungannya. Laju heat release memperlihatkan MES-30 dan ME]-30 lebih cepat waktu ignition delay-nya dan lebih panjang di fase premixed dan mixing-controlled combustion, hat ini mengindikasikan pembakaran lebih sempuma dibandingkan dengan solar.

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Biodiesel is the mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipid sources. Biodiesel as a substitute of petroleum fuel has some advantages: it produces cleaner exhaust gas, better in lubrication, and doesn't need engine modification. This research beginning in test of diesel fuel that used in Indonesia, called solar and the blending of solar 70 % - oil palm methyl ester 30 % (MES-30) as references, then test the blending of solar 70 % - physic nut methyl ester 30 1(M 7-30). All of these fuels are tested using Hydra diesel engine, single cylinder indirect injection (IDI)_ Experiment was doing at Test Cell 1 BTMP BPFT, PUSP1TEK - Serpong. This study focuses in emission and heat release of biodiesel palm and physic nut oil and then, compare with solar. From this experiment, the exhaust emissions of MES-30 and MFJ--30 have similar trend with solar, but lower emission in smoke, hydrocarbon, and CO. For NOx emission, it is not large differences with solar and the trend is not well defined Heat release rate shows the MES-30 and MF.J--3o faster in ignition delay but longer in premixed and mixing-controlled combustion, that indicate more complete combustion than solar.

Abstrak :
In 2016, the mandatory use of biodiesel as a substitute fuel by up to 20%, as introduced by the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, forced vehicle manufacturers to invent suitable engines that would accept biodiesel. The use of biodiesel in such a large proportion is highly risky, particularly due to the formation of deposits in the combustion chamber engines. The previous method of fuel droplets are placed on a hot plate approach produces deposits are slightly different from those generated by a real engine, therefore to obtain realistic deposits it is necessary to modify this method so temperatures as hot as those in a real engine. In this study, the potential deposit formation of biodiesel fuel was examined by conducting the deposition process and the evaporation of fuel on a stainless-steel plate (SS), which was placed in a closed space. Deposit characterization was carried out on a hot plate using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The test results showed differences in the structures of the deposits produced by biodiesel and diesel fuel; fine structures were seen in the former, while those of the latter were rougher and more porous. Deposit results that are similar to what is seen in a real engine will be very helpful for knowing the patterns, structures, and mechanism of the formation of deposits in such an environment.