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Abstrak :
Kulit artifisial adalah susunan biomaterial yang terdiri dari sel, perancah, dan molekul bioaktif dan diaplikasaikan sebagai pengganti kulit yang rusak dalam terapi luka kronis. Perancah yang kompatibel secara biologis maupun fisikokimia masih menjadi fokus penelitian dari pengembangan kulit artifisial saat ini. Polikaprolakton (PCL) memiliki potensi sebagai material penyusun perancah karena biokompatibilitas, sifat mekanik, dan fleksibilitasnya. Namun, PCL memiliki bioaktivitas yang rendah sehingga perlu ditambahkan suatu bahan alami. Pada penelitian ini, Umbilical Cord Blood Serum atau Umbilical Cord Blood Serum (UCBS) dan Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) yang kaya akan molekul bioaktif dan matriks ekstraseluler ditambahkan ke perancah PCL sebagai coating. Perancah PCL difabrikasi terlebih dahulu dengan PCL 20% dengan metode freeze-drying. Kemudian, perancah di-coating dengan UCBS atau PRP dengan metode dip-coating dan gelasi termal atau dengan CaCl2. Pada penelitian ini, kedua coating meningkatkan biokompatibilitas perancah pcl yaitu perlekatan sel (78.90±3.65%-89.45±3.65%) dan viabilitas sel hingga (84.99%-99.23±3.72%). Perancah yang di-coating memiliki kekuatan tekan 2.78±0.005-3.58±0.64 Mpa) berpermukaan kasar, tingkat swelling 33.48±3.32%-50.15±1.39%), dan porositas 1.24±0.27%-1.79±0.12%. Maka dari itu, baik UCBS maupun PRP dapat meningkatkan biokompatibilitas perancah PCL sebagai kulit artifisial. ......Artificial skin is a construct of biomaterials consisting of cells, scaffolds and bioactive molecules, and it is used as a substitute for damaged skin in chronic wound therapy. Scaffolds that are compatible both biological and physicochemical aspects are still the focus of research from the development of artificial skin recently. Polycaprolactone (PCL) has potential as a material for scaffold due to its biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and flexibility. However, PCL has low bioactivity, so it is necessary to add a natural ingredient. In this study, Umbilical Cord Blood Serum (UCBS) and Platelet Rich-Plasma (PRP) which are rich in bioactive molecules and extracellular matrix incorporated to the PCL scaffolds as coatings. The PCL scaffolds were fabricated with 20% PCL by freeze-drying method. Then, the scaffolds were coated with UCBS or PRP by dip-coating and gelation by temperature for UCBS and CaCl2 for PRP to polymerize extracellular matrix in UCBS and fibrin matrix in PRP. In this study, both coatings increased the biocompatibility of the PCL scaffold, including cell attachment (78.90±3.65%-89.45±3.65%) and cell viability (84.99%-99.23±3.72%). The coated scaffolds also improved physicochemical property including compressive strength (2.78±0.005-3.58±0.64 Mpa), rough surface, swelling ratio (33.48±3.32%-50.15±1.39%), and a porosity of 1.24±0.27%-1.79±0.12%. Therefore, both UCBS and PRP can be used as coatings to increase the biocompatibility of PCL scaffolds as artificial skins.

Abstrak :
Hemostat gelatin sponge merupakan salah satu material hemostatik yang umum digunakan untuk menghentikan pendarahan dalam kejadian luka akut. Penambahan monetite dengan keberadaan ion kalsium diharapkan dapat mempercepat berlangsungnya proses hemostasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan karakteristik fisiko-kimia dan biokompatibilitas dari gelatin sponge dengan penambahan partikel monetite dengan variasi 0 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt%, 7 wt%, dan 10 wt% dari total massa gelatin/monetite yang disintesis. Produk hemostat yang disintesis menggunakan gelatin dan monetite dipreparasi dengan metode freeze-drying dan dilanjutkan dengan proses termal cross-linking. Sampel dilakukan karakterisasi SEM, FTIR, perilaku swelling, dan pelepasan ion kalsium. Gelatin sponge/monetite menunjukkan morfologi mikro permukaan dengan pori-pori terbuka dan saling terinterkoneksi satu sama lain. Dengan adanya penambahan monetite, rata-rata diameter pori yang terbentuk menurun hingga konsentrasi monetite 5% dan mengalami kenaikan pada konsentrasi monetite 7% dan 10%. Selain itu, keberadaan unsur kalsium dan fosfor pada gelatin sponge dengan penambahan monetite dapat dilihat pada spektrum EDS pada gambar SEM. Interaksi di antara gelatin dan monetite teramati pada uji FTIR yang menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi regangan P-O pada sekitar wavenumber 600 cm-1. Sifat hidrofilik monetite mampu membatasi rasio swelling pada gelatin sponge/monetite. Pelepasan ion kalsium pada sampel gelatin sponge/monetite menunjukkan hasil yang selaras dengan rata-rata diameter pori dengan kecenderungan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi monetite maka pelepasan ion kalsium semakin tinggi. Hasil dari penelitian secara umum menunjukkan dengan adanya penambahan monetite, hemostat gelatin sponge memiliki sifat fisiko-kimia dan biokompatibilitas yang lebih baik dan terkontrol. ......Hemostat gelatin sponge is one of the commonly used hemostatic material to stop bleeding in the event of an acute wound. The addition of monetite in the presence of calcium ions is expected to accelerate the process of hemostasis. This study aims to improve the physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility of gelatin sponge by adding monetite particles with variations of 0%wt, 3%wt, 5%wt, 7%wt, and 10%wt of the total mass of synthesized gelatin/monetite. Hemostat product synthesized using gelatin and monetite were prepared using the freeze-drying method and followed by a thermal cross-linking process. Samples were characterized by SEM, FTIR, swelling behavior, and calcium ion release. Gelatin sponge/monetite shows surface micromorphology with open pores and is interconnected with each other. With the addition of monetite, the average pore diameter formed decreased to 5% monetite concentration and increased at 7% and 10% monetite concentrations. In addition, the presence of calcium and phosphorus elements in the gelatin sponge with the addition of monetite can be seen in the EDS spectrum in the SEM image. The interaction between gelatin and monetite was observed in the FTIR test which indicated the presence of a P-O strain functional group at about wave number 600 cm-1. The hydrophilic properties of monetite can limit the swelling ratio of the gelatin sponge/monetite. The release of calcium ions in the gelatin sponge/monetite samples showed results consistent with the average pore diameter with the tendency that the higher the concentration of monetite, the higher the retention of calcium ions. The results of the study in general showed that with the addition of monetite, gelatin sponge hemostat had better physicochemical and biocompatibility properties and relief.

Abstrak :
Non-union biasanya terjadi sebanyak 1.9–10% dari total kasus fraktur tulang. Rekayasa jaringan tulang berpotensi menjadi pilihan terapi yang efektif dan personal untuk pengobatan fraktur non-union. Penelitian ini menggunakan komposit osteobiologis berbasis HAp/HA/CS ditambahkan dengan pilihan material f-MWCNT, f-Gr, dan GO  serta difabrikasi secara liofilisasi untuk membentuk struktur mikropori dengan sifat osteoinduktif dan osteokonduktif. UCMSC akan ditanam di dalam perancah yang telah difabrikasi in vitro dan setelah berkembang, perancah akan dikarakterisasi untuk kapasitas proliferasi dan diferensiasi dengan pewarnaan MTS dan alizarin merah. Perancah HAp/HA/CS/f-MWCNT merupakan pilihan komposit terbaik dengan kemampuan mendukung viabilitas (54.52 OD) dan diferensiasi (0.27 OD) pada UCMSC secara signifikan tetapi memerlukan perbaikan untuk integritas perancah. ......Non-union occurs around 1.9-10% from the total case of fractures. Bone tissue engineering is a potential choice for Non-union that is effective, personal for treating the abnormality. This research used HAp/HA/CS as base added with optional materials of f-MWCNT, f-Gr, and GO as the osteobiology composite and further fabricated by freeze drying to create a microporous structure with osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. UCMSC is planted with the fabricated scaffold in vitro and after development, scaffold is characterized for proliferation and differentiation capacity using MTS and red alizarin staining. HAp/HA/CS/f-MWCNT scaffold proves to be the best composite option in this research that significantly promotes viability (54.52 OD) and differentiation (0.27 OD) to UCMSC but needs further refinement for scaffold integrity.

Abstrak :
Nowadays. in the deveropment of materials and medicaments one must not only consider the strength or functional aspect, but also its biocompatibility. The bio-compatibility of materials and medicaments is one of the main requirements to be considered in treating a patient. The non-toxic effect of a material or medicament is a strict condition as being biocompatible. Almost all dental treatment involve the use of materials and medicament, of which the basic substances are composed from chemical compounds. The use of chemical substances in the human body can give benefits or cause harm. Toxicity is one of the adverse effects of chemical compounds on living organism. It is then becoming a problem that there are materials and medicaments which chemically are harmful but still used in dentistry, as there are no other alternatives. In this situation, the best way for dentists to give a save treatment is to get a deeper insight into the biocompatibility of materials and medicaments in dentistry.;Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 144-147;Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 144-147

Abstrak :
Kerusakan pada tulang atau cacat tulang merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia yang perlu diperhatikan, karena dapat mengganggu aktivitas kehidupan. Metode yang cukup menjanjikan untuk penyembuhan cacat tulang adalah fabrikasi perancah dari bahan biomaterial. Perancah adalah biomaterial padat berbentuk 3 dimensi dengan struktur berpori yang dapat mendukung interaksi sel biomaterial, proliferasi, diferensiasi sel, dan dapat terurai dengan tingkat toksisitas minimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memfabrikasi perancah dengan komposit berupa hidroksiapatit (HAp)/kolagen/kitosan, hidroksiapatit/kolagen/kitosan/functionalized-multi walled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) dengan hidroksiapatit serta kolagen hasil ekstraksi tulang ikan tuna, hidroksiapatit/kolagen/kitosan/titanium dioksida (TiO2), dan hidroksiapatit/kolagen/kitosan/functionalized-multi walled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT). Fabrikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode freeze drying. Perancah hasil fabrikasi dikarakterisasi sifat biologisnya melalui uji biokompatibilitas dengan MTS assay dan uji diferensiasi sel dengan pewarnaan alizarin merah. Uji viabilitas menunjukkan sel umumnya bermigrasi dan menempel dekat perancah. Penambahan bahan mekanik f-MWCNT dan titanium dioksida pada perancah dapat mengurangi viabilitas sel. Namun, pada kadar yang tepat, perancah dengan kandungan f-MWCNT atau titanium dioksida dapat memiliki sifat viabilitas yang baik. Uji diferensiasi menunjukkan penambahan bahan mekanik f-MWCNT dan titanium dioksida dapat menginduksi diferensiasi osteogenik namun hasilnya masih tidak optimal. ......Damage to bones or bone defects is a public health problem around the world that needs attention because it can interfere many life activities. A promising method for healing bone defects is the fabrication of scaffolds from biomaterials. Scaffolds are solid biomaterials in 3-dimensional sHApe with a porous structure that can support biomaterial cell interactions, proliferation, cell differentiation, and can be decomposed with minimal toxicity. This study aims to fabricate scaffolds with composites in the form of hydroxyapatite/collagen/chitosan, hydroxyapatite/collagen/chitosan/functionalized MWCNT (f-MWCNT) where the hydroxyapatite and collgen used were obtained from tuna fish bone extraction, hydroxyapatite/collagen/chitosan/titanium dioxide, and hydroxyapatite/collagen/chitosan/functionalized MWCNT (f-MWCNT). Fabrication was carried out using freeze drying method. The fabricated scaffolds were characterized for their biological properties through biocompatibility test with MTS assay and cell differentiation test with alizarin red staining. Viability tests showed cells generally migrated and adhered near the scaffold. The addition of mechanical material f-MWCNT and titanium dioxide to the scaffold can reduce cell viability. However, at the right levels, scaffolds containing f-MWCNT or titanium dioxide can have good viability. The differentiation test showed that the addition of mechanical material f-MWCNT and titanium dioxide could induce osteogenic differentiation but the results were still not optimal.

Abstrak :
Biomedical foams are a new class of materials, which are increasingly being used for tissue engineering applications. Biomedical Foams for Tissue Engineering Applications provides a comprehensive review of this new class of materials, whose structure can be engineered to meet the requirements of nutrient trafficking and cell and tissue invasion, and to tune the degradation rate and mechanical stability on the specific tissue to be repaired. Part one explores the fundamentals, properties, and modification of biomedical foams, including the optimal design and manufacture of biomedical foam pore structure for tissue engineering applications, biodegradable biomedical foam scaffolds, tailoring the pore structure of foam scaffolds for nerve regeneration, and tailoring properties of polymeric biomedical foams. Chapters in part two focus on tissue engineering applications of biomedical foams, including the use of bioactive glass foams for tissue engineering applications, bioactive glass and glass-ceramic foam scaffolds for bone tissue restoration, composite biomedical foams for engineering bone tissue, injectable biomedical foams for bone regeneration, polylactic acid (PLA) biomedical foams for tissue engineering, porous hydrogel biomedical foam scaffolds for tissue repair, and titanium biomedical foams for osseointegration.

Abstrak :
Bone substitute biomaterials are fundamental to the biomedical sector, and have recently benefitted from extensive research and technological advances aimed at minimizing failure rates and reducing the need for further surgery. This book reviews these developments, with a particular focus on the desirable properties for bone substitute materials and their potential to encourage bone repair and regeneration. Part I covers the principles of bone substitute biomaterials for medical applications. One chapter reviews the quantification of bone mechanics at the whole-bone, micro-scale, and non-scale levels, while others discuss biomineralization, osteoductivization, materials to fill bone defects, and bioresorbable materials. Part II focuses on biomaterials as scaffolds and implants, including multi-functional scaffolds, bioceramics, and titanium-based foams. Finally, part III reviews further materials with the potential to encourage bone repair and regeneration, including cartilage grafts, chitosan, inorganic polymer composites, and marine organisms.

Abstrak :
One of the key challenges current biomaterials researchers face is identifying which of the dizzying number of highly specialized characterization tools can be gainfully applied to different materials and biomedical devices. Since this diverse marketplace of tools and techniques can be used for numerous applications, choosing the proper characterization tool is highly important, saving both time and resources. Characterization of biomaterials is a detailed and multidisciplinary discussion of the physical, chemical, mechanical, surface, in vitro and in vivo characterization tools and techniques of increasing importance to fundamental biomaterials research. Characterization of biomaterials will serve as a comprehensive resource for biomaterials researchers requiring detailed information on physical, chemical, mechanical, surface, and in vitro or in vivo characterization. The book is designed for materials scientists, bioengineers, biologists, clinicians and biomedical device researchers seeking input on planning on how to test their novel materials, structures or biomedical devices to a specific application. Chapters are developed considering the need for industrial researchers as well as academics.